Kubernetes(K8s)最新版搭建
Kubernetes简单介绍
Kubernetes意为舵手，简称K8s。
前身是Google的Borg。所以一开源就吸引了一大批注意力。
因为谷歌，所以墙。在国内搭建K8s非常头疼。
下面我就来介绍一下，怎么绕过墙来部署k8s。
环境准备
| 节点 | 操作系统 | IP |
|---|---|---|
| master | CentOS7 | 192.168.191.138 |
| worker1 | CentOS7 | 192.168.191.139 |
| worker2 | CentOS7 | 192.168.191.140 |
小贴士：
根据实际环境灵活变动ip和节点数量
初始化环境
#关闭防火墙和SElinux
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld
setenforce 0
sed -i 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config
#永久关闭交换分区
swapoff -a
sysctl -w vm.swappiness=0
vim /etc/fstab #注释掉交换分区挂载
#分别修改主机名
hostnamectl --static set-hostname master
hostnamectl --static set-hostname worker1
hostnamectl --static set-hostname worker2
#logout重新登陆即可生效
#设置主机名映射
vim /etc/hosts #添加以下内容并ping测试
192.168.191.138 master
192.168.191.139 worker1
192.168.191.140 worker2
安装Docker
所有节点都要安装
# step 1: 安装必要的一些系统工具:
sudo yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
# Step 2: 添加软件源信息:
sudo yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
# Step 3: 更新并安装 Docker-CE:
sudo yum makecache fast
sudo yum -y install docker-ce
# Step 4:开启Docker服务:
sudo systemctl start docker
sudo systemctl enable docker
# Step 5:设置Docker镜像源:
sudo mkdir -p /etc/docker
sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'
{
"registry-mirrors": ["<加速器地址>"]
}
EOF
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl restart docker
小贴士：
加速器地址可以在阿里云上容器镜像服务中的镜像加速器获得。
安装kubelet、kubeadm、kubectl
所有节点都要安装
#设置kubernetes软件源
cat>>/etc/yum.repos.d/kubrenetes.repo<yum install -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl
kubectl version #查看kubectl（很重要）
安装基础镜像
所有节点都下载吧~
docker pull mirrorgooglecontainers/kube-apiserver:v1.14.1
docker pull mirrorgooglecontainers/kube-controller-manager:v1.14.1
docker pull mirrorgooglecontainers/kube-scheduler:v1.14.1
docker pull mirrorgooglecontainers/kube-proxy:v1.14.1
docker pull mirrorgooglecontainers/pause:3.1
docker pull mirrorgooglecontainers/etcd:3.3.10
docker pull coredns/coredns:1.3.1
docker pull docker.io/dockerofwj/flannel
docker tag mirrorgooglecontainers/kube-apiserver:v1.14.1 k8s.gcr.io/kube-apiserver:v1.14.1
docker tag mirrorgooglecontainers/kube-controller-manager:v1.14.1 k8s.gcr.io/kube-controller-manager:v1.14.1
docker tag mirrorgooglecontainers/kube-scheduler:v1.14.1 k8s.gcr.io/kube-scheduler:v1.14.1
docker tag mirrorgooglecontainers/kube-proxy:v1.14.1 k8s.gcr.io/kube-proxy:v1.14.1
docker tag mirrorgooglecontainers/pause:3.1 k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.1
docker tag mirrorgooglecontainers/etcd:3.3.10 k8s.gcr.io/etcd:3.3.10
docker tag coredns/coredns:1.3.1 k8s.gcr.io/coredns:1.3.1
docker tag docker.io/dockerofwj/flannel quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.10.0-amd64
docker image rm mirrorgooglecontainers/kube-apiserver:v1.14.1
docker image rm mirrorgooglecontainers/kube-controller-manager:v1.14.1
docker image rm mirrorgooglecontainers/kube-scheduler:v1.14.1
docker image rm mirrorgooglecontainers/kube-proxy:v1.14.1
docker image rm mirrorgooglecontainers/pause:3.1
docker image rm mirrorgooglecontainers/etcd:3.3.10
docker image rm coredns/coredns:1.3.1
docker image rm docker.io/dockerofwj/flannel
K8s初始化
在Master上执行。
如果报以下错误：[ERROR ImagePull]: failed to pull image k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.1: output: Error response from daemon: Get https://k8s.gcr.io/v2/: net/http: request canceled while waiting for connection (Client.Timeout exceeded while awaiting headers)
, error: exit status 1
原因：需要3.1版本的pause镜像，而k8s.gcr.io被墙，无法下载。
解决方法：根据上一个步骤，下载相应版本后后重新打tag即可。
#这里根据K8s版本初始化，并将api声明ip修改为master-ip
kubeadm init --kubernetes-version=v1.14.1 --apiserver-advertise-address 192.168.191.138 --pod-network-cidr=10.10.0.0/16
#保存输出信息中的加入集群命令，后面会用到
#设置环境变量
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
#配置 kubectl并验证
echo "export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf" >> /etc/profile
source /etc/profile
echo $KUBECONFIG #查看是否输出正确内容
#设置系统参数
sysctl net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables=1
Master安装Pod网络
Pod网络用于Pod之间进行通信。这里我们选用flannel网络方案。
vim kube-flannel.yaml
#添加以下内容
kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
metadata:
name: flannel
rules:
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- pods
verbs:
- get
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- nodes
verbs:
- list
- watch
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- nodes/status
verbs:
- patch
---
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
metadata:
name: flannel
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: ClusterRole
name: flannel
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: flannel
namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
name: flannel
namespace: kube-system
---
kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
name: kube-flannel-cfg
namespace: kube-system
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
data:
cni-conf.json: |
{
"name": "cbr0",
"plugins": [
{
"type": "flannel",
"delegate": {
"hairpinMode": true,
"isDefaultGateway": true
}
},
{
"type": "portmap",
"capabilities": {
"portMappings": true
}
}
]
}
net-conf.json: |
{
"Network": "10.10.0.0/16",
"Backend": {
"Type": "vxlan"
}
}
---
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
name: kube-flannel-ds-amd64
namespace: kube-system
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
template:
metadata:
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
hostNetwork: true
nodeSelector:
beta.kubernetes.io/arch: amd64
tolerations:
- operator: Exists
effect: NoSchedule
serviceAccountName: flannel
initContainers:
- name: install-cni
image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.10.0-amd64
command:
- cp
args:
- -f
- /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
- /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
volumeMounts:
- name: cni
mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
containers:
- name: kube-flannel
image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.10.0-amd64
command:
- /opt/bin/flanneld
args:
- --ip-masq
- --kube-subnet-mgr
resources:
requests:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
limits:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
securityContext:
privileged: true
env:
- name: POD_NAME
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.name
- name: POD_NAMESPACE
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.namespace
volumeMounts:
- name: run
mountPath: /run
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
volumes:
- name: run
hostPath:
path: /run
- name: cni
hostPath:
path: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
configMap:
name: kube-flannel-cfg
---
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
name: kube-flannel-ds-arm64
namespace: kube-system
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
template:
metadata:
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
hostNetwork: true
nodeSelector:
beta.kubernetes.io/arch: arm64
tolerations:
- operator: Exists
effect: NoSchedule
serviceAccountName: flannel
initContainers:
- name: install-cni
image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.10.0-arm64
command:
- cp
args:
- -f
- /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
- /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
volumeMounts:
- name: cni
mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
containers:
- name: kube-flannel
image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.10.0-arm64
command:
- /opt/bin/flanneld
args:
- --ip-masq
- --kube-subnet-mgr
resources:
requests:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
limits:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
securityContext:
privileged: true
env:
- name: POD_NAME
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.name
- name: POD_NAMESPACE
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.namespace
volumeMounts:
- name: run
mountPath: /run
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
volumes:
- name: run
hostPath:
path: /run
- name: cni
hostPath:
path: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
configMap:
name: kube-flannel-cfg
---
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
name: kube-flannel-ds-arm
namespace: kube-system
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
template:
metadata:
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
hostNetwork: true
nodeSelector:
beta.kubernetes.io/arch: arm
tolerations:
- operator: Exists
effect: NoSchedule
serviceAccountName: flannel
initContainers:
- name: install-cni
image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.10.0-arm
command:
- cp
args:
- -f
- /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
- /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
volumeMounts:
- name: cni
mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
containers:
- name: kube-flannel
image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.10.0-arm
command:
- /opt/bin/flanneld
args:
- --ip-masq
- --kube-subnet-mgr
resources:
requests:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
limits:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
securityContext:
privileged: true
env:
- name: POD_NAME
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.name
- name: POD_NAMESPACE
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.namespace
volumeMounts:
- name: run
mountPath: /run
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
volumes:
- name: run
hostPath:
path: /run
- name: cni
hostPath:
path: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
configMap:
name: kube-flannel-cfg
---
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
name: kube-flannel-ds-ppc64le
namespace: kube-system
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
template:
metadata:
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
hostNetwork: true
nodeSelector:
beta.kubernetes.io/arch: ppc64le
tolerations:
- operator: Exists
effect: NoSchedule
serviceAccountName: flannel
initContainers:
- name: install-cni
image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.10.0-ppc64le
command:
- cp
args:
- -f
- /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
- /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
volumeMounts:
- name: cni
mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
containers:
- name: kube-flannel
image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.10.0-ppc64le
command:
- /opt/bin/flanneld
args:
- --ip-masq
- --kube-subnet-mgr
resources:
requests:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
limits:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
securityContext:
privileged: true
env:
- name: POD_NAME
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.name
- name: POD_NAMESPACE
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.namespace
volumeMounts:
- name: run
mountPath: /run
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
volumes:
- name: run
hostPath:
path: /run
- name: cni
hostPath:
path: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
configMap:
name: kube-flannel-cfg
---
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
name: kube-flannel-ds-s390x
namespace: kube-system
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
template:
metadata:
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
hostNetwork: true
nodeSelector:
beta.kubernetes.io/arch: s390x
tolerations:
- operator: Exists
effect: NoSchedule
serviceAccountName: flannel
initContainers:
- name: install-cni
image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.10.0-s390x
command:
- cp
args:
- -f
- /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
- /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
volumeMounts:
- name: cni
mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
containers:
- name: kube-flannel
image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.10.0-s390x
command:
- /opt/bin/flanneld
args:
- --ip-masq
- --kube-subnet-mgr
resources:
requests:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
limits:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
securityContext:
privileged: true
env:
- name: POD_NAME
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.name
- name: POD_NAMESPACE
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.namespace
volumeMounts:
- name: run
mountPath: /run
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
volumes:
- name: run
hostPath:
path: /run
- name: cni
hostPath:
path: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
configMap:
name: kube-flannel-cfg
kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yaml
节点加入集群
#下面的命令在K8s初始化时由master给出
kubeadm join 192.168.191.138:6443 --token x0vkbm.4hlahqu9kg8bjcw6 \
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:186f52874bd90801d8a3bda948c196d708953b8d8761aaa061082c51a525fbf3
下载Dashboard
小贴士：
可以在https://github.com/kubernetes/dashboard/releases上查看最新版本
#所有节点下载
docker pull docker.io/mirrorgooglecontainers/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:v1.10.1
安装Dashboard
#这里master上运行
建议使用notepad++保存后上传。
vim kubernetes-dashboard.yaml
#添加以下内容，注意修改其中的一处：kubernetes-dashboard版本（拉取的是什么就使用什么）
# Copyright 2017 The Kubernetes Authors.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
# ------------------- Dashboard Secret ------------------- #
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
namespace: kube-system
type: Opaque
---
# ------------------- Dashboard Service Account ------------------- #
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
name: kubernetes-dashboard
namespace: kube-system
---
# ------------------- Dashboard Role & Role Binding ------------------- #
kind: Role
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
name: kubernetes-dashboard-minimal
namespace: kube-system
rules:
# Allow Dashboard to create 'kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder' secret.
- apiGroups: [""]
resources: ["secrets"]
verbs: ["create"]
# Allow Dashboard to create 'kubernetes-dashboard-settings' config map.
- apiGroups: [""]
resources: ["configmaps"]
verbs: ["create"]
# Allow Dashboard to get, update and delete Dashboard exclusive secrets.
- apiGroups: [""]
resources: ["secrets"]
resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder", "kubernetes-dashboard-certs"]
verbs: ["get", "update", "delete"]
# Allow Dashboard to get and update 'kubernetes-dashboard-settings' config map.
- apiGroups: [""]
resources: ["configmaps"]
resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-settings"]
verbs: ["get", "update"]
# Allow Dashboard to get metrics from heapster.
- apiGroups: [""]
resources: ["services"]
resourceNames: ["heapster"]
verbs: ["proxy"]
- apiGroups: [""]
resources: ["services/proxy"]
resourceNames: ["heapster", "http:heapster:", "https:heapster:"]
verbs: ["get"]
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
name: kubernetes-dashboard-minimal
namespace: kube-system
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: Role
name: kubernetes-dashboard-minimal
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: kubernetes-dashboard
namespace: kube-system
---
# ------------------- Dashboard Deployment ------------------- #
kind: Deployment
apiVersion: apps/v1beta2
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
name: kubernetes-dashboard
namespace: kube-system
spec:
replicas: 1
revisionHistoryLimit: 10
selector:
matchLabels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
template:
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
containers:
- name: kubernetes-dashboard
image: docker.io/mirrorgooglecontainers/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:v1.10.1
ports:
- containerPort: 8443
protocol: TCP
args:
- --auto-generate-certificates
- --token-ttl=5400
# Uncomment the following line to manually specify Kubernetes API server Host
# If not specified, Dashboard will attempt to auto discover the API server and connect
# to it. Uncomment only if the default does not work.
# - --apiserver-host=http://my-address:port
volumeMounts:
- name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
mountPath: /certs
# Create on-disk volume to store exec logs
- mountPath: /tmp
name: tmp-volume
livenessProbe:
httpGet:
scheme: HTTPS
path: /
port: 8443
initialDelaySeconds: 30
timeoutSeconds: 30
volumes:
- name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
hostPath:
path: /var/share/certs
type: Directory
- name: tmp-volume
emptyDir: {}
serviceAccountName: kubernetes-dashboard
# Comment the following tolerations if Dashboard must not be deployed on master
tolerations:
- key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
effect: NoSchedule
---
# ------------------- Dashboard Service ------------------- #
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
name: kubernetes-dashboard
namespace: kube-system
spec:
ports:
- port: 443
targetPort: 8443
nodePort: 31234
selector:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
type: NodePort
kubectl create -f kubernetes-dashboard.yaml
生成私钥和证书签名
#所有节点创建目录
mkdir -p /var/share/certs
#master上生成
openssl genrsa -des3 -passout pass:x -out dashboard.pass.key 2048
openssl rsa -passin pass:x -in dashboard.pass.key -out dashboard.key
rm dashboard.pass.key
openssl req -new -key dashboard.key -out dashboard.csr #一直回车即可
openssl x509 -req -sha256 -days 365 -in dashboard.csr -signkey dashboard.key -out dashboard.crt
scp dashboard.key dashboard.crt /var/share/certs/
配置dashboard-user-role.yaml
#master执行
vim dashboard-user-role.yaml
#添加以下内容
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
metadata:
name: admin
annotations:
rbac.authorization.kubernetes.io/autoupdate: "true"
roleRef:
kind: ClusterRole
name: cluster-admin
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: admin
namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
name: admin
namespace: kube-system
labels:
kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
kubectl create -f dashboard-user-role.yaml
设置K8s自启
#所有节点运行
systemctl enable kubelet
查看集群情况
kubectl get pods --all-namespaces -o wide #等待Pod均为Running即成功
#查看Web登访问Token
kubectl describe secret/$(kubectl get secret -nkube-system |grep admin|awk '{print $1}') -nkube-system
#查看Dashboard映射端口
kubectl get svc -n kube-system kubernetes-dashboard
Web访问
- 使用火狐浏览器，其他浏览器不能保证能访问成功。
- https://192.168.191.138:31234
- 使用Token登陆
鸣谢
感谢这个老哥给的提示https://www.cnblogs.com/51wansheng/p/10298349.html