格雷码 Java python c++ C# 解法 原理讲解

例子:  

以下是2位序列(n = 2)
   00 01 11 10
以下是3位序列(n = 3)
   000 001 011 010 110 111 101 100
以下是4位序列(n = 4)
   0000 0001 0011 0010 0110 0111 0101 0100 1100 1101 1111 
   1110 1010 1011 1001 1000 

可以使用以下步骤从(n-1)位格雷码列表生成n位格雷码。 
1  令(n-1)位格雷码列表为L1。 创建另一个与L1相反的列表L2。 
通过在L1的所有代码中加上前缀“0”来修改列表L1。 
3  通过在L2的所有代码中加上前缀“1”来修改列表L2。 
4  连接L1和L2。 连接列表是n位格雷码的必需列表。

例如,以下是从2位格雷码列表中生成3位格雷码列表的步骤。 
L1 = {00,01,11,10}(2位格雷码列表) 
L2 = {10,11,01,00}(L1的反向) 
用“0”前缀L1的所有条目,L1变为{000,001,011,010} 
用“1”前缀L2的所有条目,L2变为{110,111,101,100} 
连接L1和L2,得到{000,001,011,010,110,111,101,100}

 

为了生成n位格雷码,我们从1位格雷码列表开始。 1位格雷码的列表是{0,1}。 我们重复上述步骤,从1位格雷码生成2位格雷码,然后从2位格雷码生成3位格雷码,直到位数等于n。 以下是这种方法的实施。 

解法思想为分治法

java解法

import java.util.*;

 class GfG {

 

static void generateGrayarr( int n)

{

     // base case

     if (n <= 0 )

         return ;

 

     // 'arr' will store all generated codes

     ArrayList arr = new ArrayList ();

 

     //初始一位存入

     arr.add( "0" );

     arr.add( "1" );

 

     // Every iteration of this loop generates 2*i codes from previously

     // generated i codes.

     int i, j;

     for (i = 2 ; i < ( 1 < 1 )

     {

         //反转后存入

         for (j = i- 1 ; j >= 0 ; j--)

             arr.add(arr.get(j));

 

         //L1前加0

         for (j = 0 ; j < i ; j++)

             arr.set(j, "0" + arr.get(j));

 

         //L2前加1

         for (j = i ; j < 2 *i ; j++)

             arr.set(j, "1" + arr.get(j));

     }

 

     // 输出

     for (i = 0 ; i < arr.size() ; i++ )

         System.out.println(arr.get(i));

}

 

// 测试

public static void main(String[] args)

{

     generateGrayarr( 3 );

}

}

 

C++解法

void generateGrayarr( int n)

{

    

     if (n <= 0)

         return ;

 

     vector arr;

 

     arr.push_back( "0" );

     arr.push_back( "1" );

 

    

     int i, j;

     for (i = 2; i < (1<

     {

        //反转

         for (j = i-1 ; j >= 0 ; j--)

             arr.push_back(arr[j]);

        //L1前加0

         for (j = 0 ; j < i ; j++)

             arr[j] = "0" + arr[j];

       //L2前加1

         for (j = i ; j < 2*i ; j++)

             arr[j] = "1" + arr[j];

     }

 

     // 输出

     for (i = 0 ; i < arr.size() ; i++ )

         cout << arr[i] << endl;

}

 //测试

int main()

{

     generateGrayarr(3);

     return 0;

}

 

python解法

 

def generateGrayarr(n):

 

     # base case

     if (n < = 0 ):

         return

 

     # 'arr' will store all generated codes

     arr = list ()

 

     # start with one-bit pattern

     arr.append( "0" )

     arr.append( "1" )

 

     # Every iteration of this loop generates

     # 2*i codes from previously generated i codes.

     i = 2

     j = 0

     while ( True ):

 

         if i > = 1 << n:

             break

     

         # Enter the prviously generated codes

         # again in arr[] in reverse order.

         # Nor arr[] has double number of codes.

         for range j (i - 1 , - 1 , - 1 ):

             arr.append(arr[j])

 

         # append 0 to the first half

         for range j (i):

             arr[j] = "0" + arr[j]

 

         # append 1 to the second half

         for range j (i, 2 * i):

             arr[j] = "1" + arr[j]

         i = i << 1

 

     # prcontents of arr[]

     for range i ( len (arr)):

         print (arr[i])

 

# Driver Code

generateGrayarr( 3 )

 

C#解法

 

using System;

using System.Collections.Generic;

 

// C# program to generate n-bit Gray codes

public class GfG

{

 

// This function generates all n bit Gray codes and prints the

// generated codes

public static void generateGrayarr( int n)

{

     // base case

     if (n <= 0)

     {

         return ;

     }

 

     // 'arr' will store all generated codes

     List< string > arr = new List< string > ();

 

     // start with one-bit pattern

     arr.Add( "0" );

     arr.Add( "1" );

 

     // Every iteration of this loop generates 2*i codes from previously

     // generated i codes.

     int i, j;

     for (i = 2; i < (1 << n); i = i << 1)

     {

         // Enter the prviously generated codes again in arr[] in reverse

         // order. Nor arr[] has double number of codes.

         for (j = i - 1 ; j >= 0 ; j--)

         {

             arr.Add(arr[j]);

         }

 

         // append 0 to the first half

         for (j = 0 ; j < i ; j++)

         {

             arr[j] = "0" + arr[j];

         }

 

         // append 1 to the second half

         for (j = i ; j < 2 * i ; j++)

         {

             arr[j] = "1" + arr[j];

         }

     }

 

     // print contents of arr[]

     for (i = 0 ; i < arr.Count ; i++)

     {

         Console.WriteLine(arr[i]);

     }

}

 

// Driver program to test above function

public static void Main( string [] args)

{

     generateGrayarr(3);

}

}

 

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