Python学习笔记（十八）PIL图像处理和Tkinter图形界面
参考资料：https://www.liaoxuefeng.com/wiki/001374738125095c955c1e6d8bb493182103fac9270762a000/00140767171357714f87a053a824ffd811d98a83b58ec13000
https://www.cnblogs.com/xianyue/p/6588869.html
https://blog.csdn.net/tianxiawuzhei/article/details/44922843
https://blog.csdn.net/sinat_25704999/article/details/50118465
1、除了内建的模块外，Python还有大量的第三方模块。基本上，所有的第三方模块都会在PyPI - the Python Package Index上注册，只要找到对应的模块名字，即可用easy_install或者pip安装。
2、PIL是常用的第三方模块之一，全称Python Imaging Library，已经是Python平台事实上的图像处理标准库了。Window系统下使用PIL前需要作如下准备工作：
（1）从官网下载PIL安装包：http://pythonware.com/products/pil/
（2）安装时会提示在注册表中找不到Python2.7，可运行下面的python程序将Python2.7安装信息写入注册表。
#
# script to register Python 2.0 or later for use with win32all
# and other extensions that require Python registry settings
#
# written by Joakim Loew for Secret Labs AB / PythonWare
#
# source:
# http://www.pythonware.com/products/works/articles/regpy20.htm
#
# modified by Valentine Gogichashvili as described in http://www.mail-archive.com/[email protected]/msg10512.html
import sys
from _winreg import *
# tweak as necessary
version = sys.version[:3]
installpath = sys.prefix
regpath = "SOFTWARE\\Python\\Pythoncore\\%s\\" % (version)
installkey = "InstallPath"
pythonkey = "PythonPath"
pythonpath = "%s;%s\\Lib\\;%s\\DLLs\\" % (
installpath, installpath, installpath
)
def RegisterPy():
try:
reg = OpenKey(HKEY_CURRENT_USER, regpath)
except EnvironmentError as e:
try:
reg = CreateKey(HKEY_CURRENT_USER, regpath)
SetValue(reg, installkey, REG_SZ, installpath)
SetValue(reg, pythonkey, REG_SZ, pythonpath)
CloseKey(reg)
except:
print "*** Unable to register!"
return
print "--- Python", version, "is now registered!"
return
if (QueryValue(reg, installkey) == installpath and
QueryValue(reg, pythonkey) == pythonpath):
CloseKey(reg)
print "=== Python", version, "is already registered!"
return
CloseKey(reg)
print "*** Unable to register!"
print "*** You probably have another Python installation!"
if __name__ == "__main__":
RegisterPy() 注：上述代码参考自参考资料2。
（3）从https://pypi.python.org/pypi/Pillow/2.1.0#id2 下载安装 Pillow-2.1.0.win-amd64-py2.7.exe (md5) 64位版本，否则运行PIL相关代码时，会提示"The _imaging C module is not installed"。详细说明参见参考资料3。
下面是我的学习代码：
from PIL import Image, ImageFilter, ImageDraw, ImageFont
import os, random
def getNewFilename(src, mark, ext):
result = None
try:
o = os.path.splitext(src)
result = o[0] + mark + ext
except BaseException, e:
result = None
return result
#生成缩略图
def createThumbnail(src):
result = None
try:
im = Image.open(src)
w, h = im.size
im.thumbnail((w // 2, h // 2))
result = getNewFilename(src, '_thumb', '.jpg')
im.save(result, 'jpeg')
except BaseException, e:
result = None
return result
#模糊效果
def createBlur(src):
result = None
try:
im = Image.open(src)
im2 = im.filter(ImageFilter.BLUR)
result = getNewFilename(src, '_blur', '.jpg')
im2.save(result, 'jpeg')
except BaseException, e:
result = None
return result
# 随机字母:
def rndChar():
return chr(random.randint(65, 90))
# 随机颜色1:
def rndColor():
return (random.randint(64, 255), random.randint(64, 255), random.randint(64, 255))
# 随机颜色2:
def rndColor2():
return (random.randint(32, 127), random.randint(32, 127), random.randint(32, 127))
#创建验证码图片 w-单个验证码宽度 h-高度 count-验证码个数
def createCode(w, h, count):
result = None
width = w * count
height = h
try:
image = Image.new('RGB', (width, height), (255, 255, 255))
# 创建Font对象:
font = ImageFont.truetype('C:\\Windows\\Fonts\\Arial.ttf', 36)
# 创建Draw对象:
draw = ImageDraw.Draw(image)
# 填充每个像素:
for x in range(width):
for y in range(height):
draw.point((x, y), fill=rndColor())
# 输出文字:
sCode = ''
for t in range(count):
c = rndChar()
sCode = sCode + c
draw.text((w * t + 10, 10), c, font = font, fill = rndColor2())
# 模糊:
image = image.filter(ImageFilter.BLUR)
result = getNewFilename('code.jpg', '_' + sCode, '.jpg')
image.save(result, 'jpeg')
except BaseException, e:
result = None
return result
def Test():
s = raw_input('input an image filename:')
thumfile = createThumbnail(s)
if thumfile != None:
print 'thumbnail filename is %s for %s' % (thumfile, s)
else:
print 'createThumbnail called failure'
blurfile = createBlur(s)
if blurfile != None:
print 'BLUR filename is %s for %s' % (blurfile, s)
else:
print 'createBlur called failure'
codefile = createCode(60, 60, 4)
if codefile != None:
print 'Code Filename is %s' % codefile
else:
print 'createCode called failure'注：引用PIL相关模块时，必须以“from PIL import ...”的格式，否则会提示"IOError: cannot identify image file"。详细说明参见参考资料4。
3、Python支持多种图形界面的第三方库，包括：Tk、wxWidgets、Qt、GTK等等。但是Python自带的库是支持Tk的Tkinter，使用Tkinter，无需安装任何包，就可以直接使用。直接看代码：
from Tkinter import *
class Application(Frame):
def __init__(self, master=None):
Frame.__init__(self, master)
self.pack()
self.createWidgets()
def createWidgets(self):
self.helloLabel = Label(self, text='Hello, world!')
self.helloLabel.pack()
self.quitButton = Button(self, text='Quit', command=self.quit)
self.quitButton.pack()
def Test():
app = Application()
# 设置窗口标题:
app.master.title('Hello World')
# 主消息循环:
app.mainloop()
return 0