Android的Handler机制详解3_Looper.looper()不会卡死主线程
这个问题其实已经在知乎有大神回答了：Android中为什么主线程不会因为Looper.loop()里的死循环卡死？
public static void main(String[] args) {
...
Looper.prepareMainLooper();
ActivityThread thread = new ActivityThread();
thread.attach(false);
if (sMainThreadHandler == null) {
sMainThreadHandler = thread.getHandler();
}
...
Looper.loop();
...
} public static void loop() {
final Looper me = myLooper();
if (me == null) {
throw new RuntimeException("No Looper; Looper.prepare() wasn't called on this thread.");
}
final MessageQueue queue = me.mQueue;
...
for (;;) {
Message msg = queue.next(); // might block
...
msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg);
...
msg.recycleUnchecked();
}
}这里有2个问题：
1，一个死循环为什么没有把内存撑爆造成卡顿。
2，既然是死循环那后面的生命周期方法是怎么执行的。
第一个问题在Android的Handler机制详解2_native就回答了，MessageQueue.next()并没有一直在那里“傻转”它是通过调用nativePollOnce()这个navtive方法造成了阻塞，阻塞最终是通过epoll机制实现，每当我们向消息队列发送事件时，最终会间接向管道的“写入端”写入数据，于是epoll通过管道的“读取端”立即就感知到了风吹草动，epoll_wait()在等到事件后，随即进行相应的事件处理。
其实主线程的这个死循环是非常有必要的，在CPU看来进程或线程无非就是一段可执行的代码，当可执行代码执行完成
后，线程生命周期便该终止了，线程退出。而对于主线程，我们是绝不希望会被运行一段时间，自己就退出，那么如何保证能一直存活呢？简单做法就是可执行代码是能一直执行下去的，死循环便能保证不会被退出。
第二个问题答案是创建新的线程。事实上，会在进入死循环之前便创建了新binder线程，在代码ActivityThread.main()中：
public static void main(String[] args) {
....
//创建Looper和MessageQueue对象，用于处理主线程的消息
Looper.prepareMainLooper();
//创建ActivityThread对象
ActivityThread thread = new ActivityThread();
//建立Binder通道 (创建新线程)
thread.attach(false);
Looper.loop(); //消息循环运行
throw new RuntimeException("Main thread loop unexpectedly exited");
}
thread.attach(false)；便会创建一个Binder线程（具体是指ApplicationThread，Binder的服务端，用于接收系统服务AMS发送来的事件），该Binder线程通过Handler将Message发送给主线程。由于ApplicationThread是基于IBinder接口，都是binder线程，binder线程的创建与销毁都是由binder驱动来决定的，每个进程binder线程个数的上限为16。
ActivityThread.attach(boolean)
private void attach(boolean system) {
sCurrentActivityThread = this;
mSystemThread = system;
if (!system) {
...
final IActivityManager mgr = ActivityManagerNative.getDefault();
try {
mgr.attachApplication(mAppThread);
} catch (RemoteException ex) {
// Ignore
}
...
} else {
...
}
...
}
ActivityManagerNative.getDefault()
/**
* Retrieve the system's default/global activity manager.
*/
static public IActivityManager getDefault() {
return gDefault.get();
}ActivityManagerNative.gDefault
private static final Singleton gDefault = new Singleton() {
protected IActivityManager create() {
IBinder b = ServiceManager.getService("activity");
if (false) {
Log.v("ActivityManager", "default service binder = " + b);
}
IActivityManager am = asInterface(b);
if (false) {
Log.v("ActivityManager", "default service = " + am);
}
return am;
}
};
} ActivityManagetNative.asInterface(IBinder)
static public IActivityManager asInterface(IBinder obj) {
if (obj == null) {
return null;
}
IActivityManager in =
(IActivityManager)obj.queryLocalInterface(descriptor);
if (in != null) {
return in;
}
return new ActivityManagerProxy(obj);
}从上面方法就可以看出，ActivityThread.attach()中final IActivityManager mgr = ActivityManagerNative.getDefault();得到的是ActivityManagerProxy().接下看看ActivityManagerProxy.attachApplication(IApplication)。
ActivityManagerProxy.attachApplication(IApplication)
public void attachApplication(IApplicationThread app) throws RemoteException
{
Parcel data = Parcel.obtain();
Parcel reply = Parcel.obtain();
data.writeInterfaceToken(IActivityManager.descriptor);
data.writeStrongBinder(app.asBinder());
mRemote.transact(ATTACH_APPLICATION_TRANSACTION, data, reply, 0);
reply.readException();
data.recycle();
reply.recycle();
}ActivityManagerProxy是IActivityManager的代理类，通过Binder通信过程中，提供了一个IActivityManager服务接口，ActivityManagerProxy类与ActivityManagerService类都实现了IActivityManager接口。ActivityManagerProxy作为binder通信的客户端，ActivityManagerService作为binder通信的服务端，ActivityManagerProxy.attachApplication()最终调用ActivityManagerService.attachApplication()。
ActivityManagerService.attachApplication(IApplicationThread)
@Override
public final void attachApplication(IApplicationThread thread) {
synchronized (this) {
int callingPid = Binder.getCallingPid();
final long origId = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
attachApplicationLocked(thread, callingPid);
Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(origId);
}
}最终ApplicationThread被发送到了ActivityManagerService。ApplicationThread作为服务端，ActivityManagerService所调用的方法最终都会执行ApplicationThread中的方法。
ApplicationThread.java
private class ApplicationThread extends ApplicationThreadNative {
private static final String DB_INFO_FORMAT = " %8s %8s %14s %14s %s";
private int mLastProcessState = -1;
...
public final void schedulePauseActivity(IBinder token, boolean finished,
boolean userLeaving, int configChanges, boolean dontReport) {
sendMessage(
finished ? H.PAUSE_ACTIVITY_FINISHING : H.PAUSE_ACTIVITY,
token,
(userLeaving ? 1 : 0) | (dontReport ? 2 : 0),
configChanges);
}
public final void scheduleStopActivity(IBinder token, boolean showWindow,
int configChanges) {
sendMessage(
showWindow ? H.STOP_ACTIVITY_SHOW : H.STOP_ACTIVITY_HIDE,
token, 0, configChanges);
}
...
public final void scheduleResumeActivity(IBinder token, int processState,
boolean isForward, Bundle resumeArgs) {
updateProcessState(processState, false);
sendMessage(H.RESUME_ACTIVITY, token, isForward ? 1 : 0);
}
...
public final void scheduleDestroyActivity(IBinder token, boolean finishing,
int configChanges) {
sendMessage(H.DESTROY_ACTIVITY, token, finishing ? 1 : 0,
configChanges);
}
public final void scheduleReceiver(Intent intent, ActivityInfo info,
CompatibilityInfo compatInfo, int resultCode, String data, Bundle extras,
boolean sync, int sendingUser, int processState) {
updateProcessState(processState, false);
ReceiverData r = new ReceiverData(intent, resultCode, data, extras,
sync, false, mAppThread.asBinder(), sendingUser);
r.info = info;
r.compatInfo = compatInfo;
sendMessage(H.RECEIVER, r);
}
...
public final void scheduleCreateService(IBinder token,
ServiceInfo info, CompatibilityInfo compatInfo, int processState) {
updateProcessState(processState, false);
CreateServiceData s = new CreateServiceData();
s.token = token;
s.info = info;
s.compatInfo = compatInfo;
sendMessage(H.CREATE_SERVICE, s);
}
public final void scheduleBindService(IBinder token, Intent intent,
boolean rebind, int processState) {
updateProcessState(processState, false);
BindServiceData s = new BindServiceData();
s.token = token;
s.intent = intent;
s.rebind = rebind;
if (DEBUG_SERVICE)
Slog.v(TAG, "scheduleBindService token=" + token + " intent=" + intent + " uid="
+ Binder.getCallingUid() + " pid=" + Binder.getCallingPid());
sendMessage(H.BIND_SERVICE, s);
}
...
public final void scheduleStopService(IBinder token) {
sendMessage(H.STOP_SERVICE, token);
}
...
public void scheduleConfigurationChanged(Configuration config) {
updatePendingConfiguration(config);
sendMessage(H.CONFIGURATION_CHANGED, config);
}
...
}看一看sendMessage()方法
ActivityThread.sendMessage()
private void sendMessage(int what, Object obj) {
sendMessage(what, obj, 0, 0, false);
}
private void sendMessage(int what, Object obj, int arg1) {
sendMessage(what, obj, arg1, 0, false);
}
private void sendMessage(int what, Object obj, int arg1, int arg2) {
sendMessage(what, obj, arg1, arg2, false);
}
private void sendMessage(int what, Object obj, int arg1, int arg2, boolean async) {
if (DEBUG_MESSAGES) Slog.v(
TAG, "SCHEDULE " + what + " " + mH.codeToString(what)
+ ": " + arg1 + " / " + obj);
Message msg = Message.obtain();
msg.what = what;
msg.obj = obj;
msg.arg1 = arg1;
msg.arg2 = arg2;
if (async) {
msg.setAsynchronous(true);
}
mH.sendMessage(msg);
}最终都是走mH.sendMessage()
H.java
private class H extends Handler {
public static final int PAUSE_ACTIVITY = 101;
public static final int PAUSE_ACTIVITY_FINISHING= 102;
public static final int STOP_ACTIVITY_SHOW = 103;
public static final int STOP_ACTIVITY_HIDE = 104;
public static final int RESUME_ACTIVITY = 107;
public static final int DESTROY_ACTIVITY = 109;
public static final int NEW_INTENT = 112;
public static final int RECEIVER = 113;
public static final int CREATE_SERVICE = 114;
public static final int STOP_SERVICE = 116;
...
String codeToString(int code) {
...
return Integer.toString(code);
}
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
switch (msg.what) {
...
case PAUSE_ACTIVITY:
Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER, "activityPause");
handlePauseActivity((IBinder)msg.obj, false, (msg.arg1&1) != 0, msg.arg2,
(msg.arg1&2) != 0);
maybeSnapshot();
Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER);
break;
...
case RESUME_ACTIVITY:
Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER, "activityResume");
handleResumeActivity((IBinder) msg.obj, true, msg.arg1 != 0, true);
Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER);
break;
...
case DESTROY_ACTIVITY:
Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER, "activityDestroy");
handleDestroyActivity((IBinder)msg.obj, msg.arg1 != 0,
msg.arg2, false);
Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER);
break;
...
case NEW_INTENT:
Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER, "activityNewIntent");
handleNewIntent((NewIntentData)msg.obj);
Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER);
break;
case RECEIVER:
Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER, "broadcastReceiveComp");
handleReceiver((ReceiverData)msg.obj);
maybeSnapshot();
Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER);
break;
case CREATE_SERVICE:
Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER, "serviceCreate");
handleCreateService((CreateServiceData)msg.obj);
Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER);
break;
case BIND_SERVICE:
Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER, "serviceBind");
handleBindService((BindServiceData)msg.obj);
Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER);
break;
case UNBIND_SERVICE:
Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER, "serviceUnbind");
handleUnbindService((BindServiceData)msg.obj);
Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER);
break;
...
case STOP_SERVICE:
Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER, "serviceStop");
handleStopService((IBinder)msg.obj);
maybeSnapshot();
Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER);
break;
...
}
}
}接着看PAUSE_ACTIVITY这个条件分支中的方法调用。
ActivityThread.handlePauseActivity()
private void handlePauseActivity(IBinder token, boolean finished,
boolean userLeaving, int configChanges, boolean dontReport) {
ActivityClientRecord r = mActivities.get(token);
if (r != null) {
if (userLeaving) {
performUserLeavingActivity(r);
}
r.activity.mConfigChangeFlags |= configChanges;
performPauseActivity(token, finished, r.isPreHoneycomb());
// Make sure any pending writes are now committed.
if (r.isPreHoneycomb()) {
QueuedWork.waitToFinish();
}
// Tell the activity manager we have paused.
if (!dontReport) {
try {
ActivityManagerNative.getDefault().activityPaused(token);
} catch (RemoteException ex) {
}
}
mSomeActivitiesChanged = true;
}
}ActivityThread.performPauseActivity()
final Bundle performPauseActivity(IBinder token, boolean finished,
boolean saveState) {
ActivityClientRecord r = mActivities.get(token);
return r != null ? performPauseActivity(r, finished, saveState) : null;
}
final Bundle performPauseActivity(ActivityClientRecord r, boolean finished, boolean saveState) {
...
try {
// Next have the activity save its current state and managed dialogs...
if (!r.activity.mFinished && saveState) {
callCallActivityOnSaveInstanceState(r);
}
// Now we are idle.
r.activity.mCalled = false;
mInstrumentation.callActivityOnPause(r.activity);
EventLog.writeEvent(LOG_AM_ON_PAUSE_CALLED, UserHandle.myUserId(),
r.activity.getComponentName().getClassName());
if (!r.activity.mCalled) {
throw new SuperNotCalledException("");
}
} catch (SuperNotCalledException e) {
throw e;
} catch (Exception e) {
if (!mInstrumentation.onException(r.activity, e)) {
throw new RuntimeException("", e);
}
}
...
return !r.activity.mFinished && saveState ? r.state : null;
}Instrumentation.callActivityOnPause(Activity)
public void callActivityOnPause(Activity activity) {
activity.performPause();
}Activity.performPause()
final void performPause() {
mDoReportFullyDrawn = false;
mFragments.dispatchPause();
mCalled = false;
onPause();
mResumed = false;
if (!mCalled && getApplicationInfo().targetSdkVersion >= android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES.GINGERBREAD) {
throw new SuperNotCalledException("Activity " + mComponent.toShortString()+" did not call through to super.onPause()");
}
mResumed = false;
}