转自http://outofmemory.cn/code-snippet/14396/nginx-and-lua
lua_nginx_module 可以一步步的安装,也可以直接用淘宝的OpenResty
Centos和debian的安装就简单了。。
这里说下freebsd的安装:
fetch http://www.lua.org/ftp/lua-5.1.4.tar.gz tar zxvf lua-5.1.4.tar.gz cd lua-5.1.4 make freebsd make install cd .. fetch https://github.com/chaoslawful/lua-nginx-module/zipball/v0.1.6rc2 fetch https://github.com/simpl/ngx_devel_kit/zipball/v0.2.17rc2 tar zxvf v0.1.6rc2 mv chaoslawful-lua-nginx-module-ccaf132 lua_nginx_module tar zxvf v0.2.17rc2 mv simpl-ngx_devel_kit-bc97eea ngx_devel_kit tar zxvf pcre-8.12.tar.gz tar zxvf nginx-1.0.3.tar.gz cd nginx-1.0.3 ./configure --prefix=/data/soft/nginx --with-pcre=../pcre-8.12 --add-module=../ngx_devel_kit --add-module=../lua_nginx_module make && make install
安装完成后,我们体验一下lua
ngx.say 是打印的打印输出的意思。。。
location /echo { default_type text/plain; echo hello lua; } location /lua { default_type text/plain; content_by_lua 'ngx.say("hello world")'; }
location @client{ proxy_pass http://www.ruifengyun.com; } location ~ /test { default_type text/html; content_by_lua 'ngx.say("this is ruifengyun.com!")'; access_by_lua ' if ngx.var.remote_addr == "10.2.20.110" then ngx.exit(ngx.HTTP_FORBIDDEN) end if ngx.var.remote_addr == "10.2.20.112" then ngx.exec("@client") end '; }
控制经过判断之后,才能访问
location / { access_by_lua ' local res = ngx.location.capture("/auth") if res.status == ngx.HTTP_OK then return end if res.status == ngx.HTTP_FORBIDDEN then ngx.exit(res.status) end ngx.exit(ngx.HTTP_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR) '; # proxy_pass/fastcgi_pass/postgres_pass/... }
这个是先判断 check-pam接口的return的内容是不是spam,是的话,转跳到其他的页面
location / { rewrite_by_lua ' local res = ngx.location.capture("/check-spam") if res.body == "spam" then ngx.redirect("/terms-of-use.html") end '; fastcgi_pass ...; }
location / { content_by_lua ' myIP = ngx.req.get_headers()["X-Real-IP"] if myIP == nil then myIP = ngx.req.get_headers()["x_forwarded_for"] end if myIP == nil then myIP = ngx.var.remote_addr end if myIP == "" then ngx.exec("@client") else ngx.exec("@client_test") end '; }
redirect的使用
return ngx.redirect("/foo") return ngx.redirect("http://localhost:1984/foo", ngx.HTTP_MOVED_TEMPORARILY) return ngx.redirect("/foo", 301)
返回302临时重定向 地址栏会显示跳转后的地址
rewrite ^ /foo? redirect; # nginx config return ngx.redirect('/foo'); -- lua code
location = /test { content_by_lua ' ngx.req.read_body() local args = ngx.req.get_post_args() for key, val in pairs(args) do if type(val) == "table" then ngx.say(key, ": ", table.concat(val, ", ")) else ngx.say(key, ": ", val) end end '; }
一个Lua的例子:
#!/usr/bin/env lua ngx.say('aaaaaa ') local url = ngx.var.uri ngx.say('
',url,'
') ngx.print('这次访问的header头是 ',ngx.req.raw_header()) ngx.print('') ngx.print('这个是 h1
') ngx.print('这次访问的是 get 还是 post 呀 ',ngx.req.get_Method()) local args = ngx.req.get_uri_args() ngx.print(args) local res = ngx.location.capture("/") ngx.print('
http code
‘,res.status)
worker_processes 2; error_log logs/error.log warn; events { worker_connections 1024; } http { upstream backend { drizzle_server 127.0.0.1:3306 protocol=mysql dbname=ngx_test user=ngx_test password=ngx_test; drizzle_keepalive max=10 overflow=ignore mode=single; } server { listen 8080; location @cats-by-name { set_unescape_uri $name $arg_name; set_quote_sql_str $name; drizzle_query 'select * from cats where name=$name'; drizzle_pass backend; rds_json on; } location @cats-by-id { set_quote_sql_str $id $arg_id; drizzle_query 'select * from cats where id=$id'; drizzle_pass backend; rds_json on; } location = /cats { access_by_lua ' if ngx.var.arg_name then return ngx.exec("@cats-by-name") end if ngx.var.arg_id then return ngx.exec("@cats-by-id") end '; rds_json_ret 400 "expecting \"name\" or \"id\" query arguments"; } } }
改改密码就能用啦~
location = /adder { set_by_lua $res " local a = tonumber(ngx.arg[1]) local b = tonumber(ngx.arg[2]) return a + b" $arg_a $arg_b; echo $res; }
ngx.req.set_uri
nginx里面的配置是:
location /test { rewrite ^/test/(.*) /$1 break; proxy_pass http://my_backend; }
lua里面的配置是:
location /test { rewrite_by_lua ' local uri = ngx.re.sub(ngx.var.uri, "^/test/(.*)", "$1", "o") ngx.req.set_uri(uri) '; proxy_pass http://my_backend; }
我想大家看这个对照,已经知道是啥意思了.
通过lua获取nginx的内置变量,通过这些变量做些逻辑的处理~
Nginx提供了很多内置的变量,如:
另外: HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR是透过代理服务器取得客户端的真实IP地址,有些用此方法读取到的仍然是代理服务器的IP。还有一点需要注意的是:如果客户端没有通过代理服务器来访问,那么用 HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR 取到的值将是空的。
location /lua1 { default_type 'text/plain'; content_by_lua 'ngx.say("hello, lua")'; } # 请求另外的url location /lua2 { content_by_lua ' local res = ngx.location.capture("/hello1") ngx.say("data: " .. res.body) '; }