GreeDAO详解-----数据库升级详解
一、GreenDao 集成、基本使用
greenDAO是一款开源的面向 Android 的轻便、快捷的 ORM 框架，将 Java 对象映射到 SQLite 数据库中，我们操作数据库的时候，无需要编写复杂的 SQL语句， 在性能方面，greenDAO 针对 Android 进行了高度优化， 最小的内存开销 、依赖体积小 同时还是支持数据库加密。
下面连接是集成和使用的详细说明：GreenDao集成和使用
二、GreenDAO的数据库升级说明
如下图所示我的工程有 Animal、Book、People，即有三张表。
另外还有DAOMaster、DAOSession。DAOMaster主要是负责数据库创建和升级，DAOSession负责获得实体类的xxxDAO，来进行增删改查。
DAOMaster内部有个OpenHelper，继承DatabaseOpenHelper，DatabaseOpenHelper又继承SQLiteOpenHelper。
（另外，DAOMaster内部还有个DevOpenHelper，在升级数据库的时候会把所有表删除掉，然后创建新的表，会会照成原始数据的缺失。）
/**
* Calls {@link #createAllTables(Database, boolean)} in {@link #onCreate(Database)} -
*/
public static abstract class OpenHelper extends DatabaseOpenHelper {
public OpenHelper(Context context, String name) {
super(context, name, SCHEMA_VERSION);
}
public OpenHelper(Context context, String name, CursorFactory factory) {
super(context, name, factory, SCHEMA_VERSION);
}
@Override
public void onCreate(Database db) {
Log.i("greenDAO", "Creating tables for schema version " + SCHEMA_VERSION);
createAllTables(db, false);
}
}可以看到，OpenHelper就是SQLiteOpenHelper的封装，且是抽象类，所以重点来了：
数据库升级 需要我们自行处理，即继承OnUpgrade（）。那这样就和以往SQLiteOpenHelper一样，需要判断版本号，然后写SQL进行新增字段或新增表。这样显然不好，我们就是不想写SQL的，而且版本号判断维护麻烦。
所以怎么办？有办法：
1.在根目录的build.gradle文件的repositories内添加如下代码：
allprojects {
repositories {
...
maven { url "https://jitpack.io" }
}
}2.添加依赖
dependencies {
compile 'com.github.yuweiguocn:GreenDaoUpgradeHelper:v0.0.5'
}3、继承DaoMaster.OpenHelper，自定义OnUpgrade（）。
public class MySqlLiteOpenHelper extends DaoMaster.OpenHelper {
public MySqlLiteOpenHelper(Context context, String name) {
super(context, name);
}
@Override
public void onUpgrade(Database db, int oldVersion, int newVersion) {
MigrationHelper.migrate(db, PeopleDao.class, AnimalDao.class, BookDao.class);
}
}重点是红色的一行，没错就是一行！搞定。
这一行代码的实现原理，实际就是以下思路。 在此基础上，可以保留原数据进行升级数据库。
（1）首先创建临时表（数据格式和原表一模一样）。
（2）把当前表的数据插入到临时表中去。
（3）删除掉原表，创建新表。
（4）把临时表数据插入到新表中去，然后删除临时表。
因为大牛已经对这些进行封装，所以直接把MigrationHelper代码贴出来。
不难看出，migrate()方法按照以上思路完成的。
public final class MigrationHelper {
public static boolean DEBUG = false;
private static String TAG = "MigrationHelper";
private static final String SQLITE_MASTER = "sqlite_master";
private static final String SQLITE_TEMP_MASTER = "sqlite_temp_master";
private static WeakReference weakListener;
public interface ReCreateAllTableListener{
void onCreateAllTables(Database db, boolean ifNotExists);
void onDropAllTables(Database db, boolean ifExists);
}
public static void migrate(SQLiteDatabase db, Class>... daoClasses) {
printLog("【The Old Database Version】" + db.getVersion());
Database database = new StandardDatabase(db);
migrate(database, daoClasses);
}
public static void migrate(SQLiteDatabase db, ReCreateAllTableListener listener, Class>... daoClasses) {
weakListener = new WeakReference<>(listener);
migrate(db, daoClasses);
}
public static void migrate(Database database, ReCreateAllTableListener listener, Class>... daoClasses) {
weakListener = new WeakReference<>(listener);
migrate(database, daoClasses);
}
public static void migrate(Database database, Class>... daoClasses) {
printLog("【Generate temp table】start");
generateTempTables(database, daoClasses);
printLog("【Generate temp table】complete");
ReCreateAllTableListener listener = null;
if (weakListener != null) {
listener = weakListener.get();
}
if (listener != null) {
listener.onDropAllTables(database, true);
printLog("【Drop all table by listener】");
listener.onCreateAllTables(database, false);
printLog("【Create all table by listener】");
} else {
dropAllTables(database, true, daoClasses);
createAllTables(database, false, daoClasses);
}
printLog("【Restore data】start");
restoreData(database, daoClasses);
printLog("【Restore data】complete");
}
private static void generateTempTables(Database db, Class>... daoClasses) {
for (int i = 0; i < daoClasses.length; i++) {
String tempTableName = null;
DaoConfig daoConfig = new DaoConfig(db, daoClasses[i]);
String tableName = daoConfig.tablename;
if (!isTableExists(db, false, tableName)) {
printLog("【New Table】" + tableName);
continue;
}
try {
tempTableName = daoConfig.tablename.concat("_TEMP");
StringBuilder dropTableStringBuilder = new StringBuilder();
dropTableStringBuilder.append("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS ").append(tempTableName).append(";");
db.execSQL(dropTableStringBuilder.toString());
StringBuilder insertTableStringBuilder = new StringBuilder();
insertTableStringBuilder.append("CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE ").append(tempTableName);
insertTableStringBuilder.append(" AS SELECT * FROM ").append(tableName).append(";");
db.execSQL(insertTableStringBuilder.toString());
printLog("【Table】" + tableName +"\n ---Columns-->"+getColumnsStr(daoConfig));
printLog("【Generate temp table】" + tempTableName);
} catch (SQLException e) {
Log.e(TAG, "【Failed to generate temp table】" + tempTableName, e);
}
}
}
private static boolean isTableExists(Database db, boolean isTemp, String tableName) {
if (db == null || TextUtils.isEmpty(tableName)) {
return false;
}
String dbName = isTemp ? SQLITE_TEMP_MASTER : SQLITE_MASTER;
String sql = "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM " + dbName + " WHERE type = ? AND name = ?";
Cursor cursor=null;
int count = 0;
try {
cursor = db.rawQuery(sql, new String[]{"table", tableName});
if (cursor == null || !cursor.moveToFirst()) {
return false;
}
count = cursor.getInt(0);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (cursor != null)
cursor.close();
}
return count > 0;
}
private static String getColumnsStr(DaoConfig daoConfig) {
if (daoConfig == null) {
return "no columns";
}
StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
for (int i = 0; i < daoConfig.allColumns.length; i++) {
builder.append(daoConfig.allColumns[i]);
builder.append(",");
}
if (builder.length() > 0) {
builder.deleteCharAt(builder.length() - 1);
}
return builder.toString();
}
private static void dropAllTables(Database db, boolean ifExists, @NonNull Class>... daoClasses) {
reflectMethod(db, "dropTable", ifExists, daoClasses);
printLog("【Drop all table by reflect】");
}
private static void createAllTables(Database db, boolean ifNotExists, @NonNull Class>... daoClasses) {
reflectMethod(db, "createTable", ifNotExists, daoClasses);
printLog("【Create all table by reflect】");
}
/**
* dao class already define the sql exec method, so just invoke it
*/
private static void reflectMethod(Database db, String methodName, boolean isExists, @NonNull Class>... daoClasses) {
if (daoClasses.length < 1) {
return;
}
try {
for (Class cls : daoClasses) {
Method method = cls.getDeclaredMethod(methodName, Database.class, boolean.class);
method.invoke(null, db, isExists);
}
} catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
private static void restoreData(Database db, Class>... daoClasses) {
for (int i = 0; i < daoClasses.length; i++) {
DaoConfig daoConfig = new DaoConfig(db, daoClasses[i]);
String tableName = daoConfig.tablename;
String tempTableName = daoConfig.tablename.concat("_TEMP");
if (!isTableExists(db, true, tempTableName)) {
continue;
}
try {
// get all columns from tempTable, take careful to use the columns list
List columns = getColumns(db, tempTableName);
ArrayList properties = new ArrayList<>(columns.size());
for (int j = 0; j < daoConfig.properties.length; j++) {
String columnName = daoConfig.properties[j].columnName;
if (columns.contains(columnName)) {
properties.add("`" + columnName + "`");
}
}
if (properties.size() > 0) {
final String columnSQL = TextUtils.join(",", properties);
StringBuilder insertTableStringBuilder = new StringBuilder();
insertTableStringBuilder.append("REPLACE INTO ").append(tableName).append(" (");
insertTableStringBuilder.append(columnSQL);
insertTableStringBuilder.append(") SELECT ");
insertTableStringBuilder.append(columnSQL);
insertTableStringBuilder.append(" FROM ").append(tempTableName).append(";");
db.execSQL(insertTableStringBuilder.toString());
printLog("【Restore data】 to " + tableName);
}
StringBuilder dropTableStringBuilder = new StringBuilder();
dropTableStringBuilder.append("DROP TABLE ").append(tempTableName);
db.execSQL(dropTableStringBuilder.toString());
printLog("【Drop temp table】" + tempTableName);
} catch (SQLException e) {
Log.e(TAG, "【Failed to restore data from temp table 】" + tempTableName, e);
}
}
}
private static List getColumns(Database db, String tableName) {
List columns = null;
Cursor cursor = null;
try {
cursor = db.rawQuery("SELECT * FROM " + tableName + " limit 0", null);
if (null != cursor && cursor.getColumnCount() > 0) {
columns = Arrays.asList(cursor.getColumnNames());
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (cursor != null)
cursor.close();
if (null == columns)
columns = new ArrayList<>();
}
return columns;
}
private static void printLog(String info){
if(DEBUG){
Log.d(TAG, info);
}
}
} 另外，
