Centos7静默安装Oracle12C
Centos7静默安装Oracle12C
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Centos系统
#该系统为KVM中的虚拟机,宿主机为ubuntu18.04LTS [eric@oracle ~]$ cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS Linux release 7.5.1804 (Core) -
修改主机名和hosts文件
[eric@oracle ~]$ su root #root用户修改 Password: [root@oracle eric]# cd [root@oracle ~]# cat /etc/hostsname oracle #vim 编辑,只保留Oracle #修改host文文件 oracle+主机ip [root@oracle ~]# cat /etc/hosts oracle 192.168.122.13 -
关闭防火墙
[root@oracle ~]# systemctl stop firewalld -
关闭selinux
#ftp 需要关闭selinux [root@oracle ~]# sed -i 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g'/etc/selinux/config [root@oracle ~]# getenforce Disabledftp安装及文件传输参考:
[]: https://blog.csdn.net/EricLeiy/article/details/78779812 “宿主机通过FTP 向KVM虚拟机传文件”
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安装依赖
[root@oracle ~]#yum -y install binutils compat-libstdc++ compat-libstdc++-33 elfutils-libelf-devel gcc gcc-c++ glibc-devel glibc-headers ksh libaio-devel libstdc++-devel make sysstat unixODBC-devel binutils-* compat-libstdc++* elfutils-libelf* glibc* gcc-* libaio* libgcc* libstdc++* make* sysstat* unixODBC* wget unzip [root@oracle ~]# yum -y install java-1.8.0-openjdk* -
为oracle创建用户
#创建安装用户组oinstall [root@oracle ~]# groupadd oinstall #创建dba用户组 [root@oracle ~]# groupadd dba #创建oracle用户并添加组权限 [root@oracle ~]# useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle #设置密码 [root@oracle ~]# passwd oracle Changing password for user oracle. New password: BAD PASSWORD: The password is shorter than 8 characters Retype new password: passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully. #查看 [root@oracle ~]# id oracle uid=1001(oracle) gid=1001(oinstall) groups=1001(oinstall),1002(dba) -
创建安装目录
$ORACLE_BASE [root@oracle ~]# mkdir -p /opt/oracle $ORACLE_HOME [root@oracle ~]# mkdir -p /opt/oracle/12c #数据存放目录 [root@oracle ~]# mkdir /opt/oracle/oradata #清单目录:该目录不能放在oracle_base目录下,不然后期静默安装数据库时,读取db_install.rsp文件报错 [root@oracle ~]# mkdir /opt/inventory #数据恢复目录 [root@oracle ~]# mkdir /opt/oracle/flash_recovery_area #赋权限 [root@oracle ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /opt/oracle [root@oracle ~]# chmod -R 775 /opt/oracle [root@oracle ~]# chmod -R 775 /opt/inventory -
调整系统参数
[root@oracle ~]# vim /etc/sysctl.conf fs.file-max = 6815744 kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128 kernel.shmmni = 4096 kernel.shmall = 1073741824 kernel.shmmax = 4398046511104 net.core.rmem_default = 262144 net.core.rmem_max = 4194304 net.core.wmem_default = 262144 net.core.wmem_max = 1048576 fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 #重启生效 [root@oracle ~]# sysctl -p -
修改用户限制文件(后来补充,没有修改也可以,如果失败,可以再调整)
#不调整也OK了,但是后来重新安装时,没有这一步报错了 oracle soft nofile 1024 oracle hard nofile 65536 oracle soft nproc 2047 oracle hard nproc 16384 oracle soft stack 10240 oracle hard stack 32768 -
设置环境变量
[root@oracle opt]# vim /etc/profile --在文件末尾添加 # Oracle environment set if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then ulimit -p 16384 ulimit -n 65536 else ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536 fi fi #使文件生效,执行 [root@oracle opt]# source /etc/profile -
使用oracle用户,配置oracle环境变量
[root@oracle opt]# su oracle [oracle@oracle opt]$ cd [oracle@oracle ~]$ vim .bash_profile #在文件尾部添加 #For oracle user environment set export ORACLE_BASE=/opt/oracle export ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle/12c export ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$ORACLE_HOME export ORACLE_SID=orcl export PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/usr/lib if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then ulimit -p 16384 ulimit -n 65536 else ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536 fi umask 022 fi使配置文件生效
[oracle@oracle ~]$ source .bash_profile -
下载oralce12c,上传至/opt/oracle/目录
[oracle@oracle ~]$ cd /opt/oracle/ [oracle@oracle oracle]$ ftp ftp> open 192.168.122.1 Connected to 192.168.122.1 (192.168.122.1). 220 (vsFTPd 3.0.3) Name (192.168.122.1:oracle): Eric 331 Please specify the password. Password: 230 Login successful. Remote system type is UNIX. Using binary mode to transfer files. ftp> get /home/eric/share/linuxx64_12201_database.zip ./linuxx64_12201_database.zip #解压 [oracle@oracle oracle]$ unzip linuxx64_12201_database.zip -
解压后,查看三个配置文件:数据库安装文件 db_install.rsp,建立数据库实例dbca.rsp,监听配置安装文件netca.rsp
[oracle@oracle oracle]$ cd database/response/ [oracle@oracle response]$ ll total 84 -rwxrwxr-x 1 oracle oinstall 25609 Nov 20 06:01 dbca.rsp -rw-rw-r-- 1 oracle oinstall 23085 Nov 19 21:34 db_install.rsp -rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 22924 Nov 19 06:09 db_install.rsp.bak -rwxrwxr-x 1 oracle oinstall 6209 Jun 20 2016 netca.rsp [oracle@oracle response]$ -
修改数据库安装文件db_install.rsp,为静默安装做准备,下面是必须填写的
[oracle@oracle response]$ vim db_install.rsp oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v12.2.0 #默认 oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY #安装类型 UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall #安装组 INVENTORY_LOCATION=/opt/inventory #清单目录 ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle/12c/ #ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_BASE=/opt/oracle #ORACLE_BASE oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE #oracle版本 oracle.install.db.OSDBA_GROUP=dba #dba用户组 oracle.install.db.OSOPER_GROUP=oinstall #oper用户组 oracle.install.db.OSBACKUPDBA_GROUP=dba oracle.install.db.OSDGDBA_GROUP=dba oracle.install.db.OSKMDBA_GROUP=dba oracle.install.db.OSRACDBA_GROUP=dba oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=orcl oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=orcl oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.characterSet=AL32UTF8 oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=81920 #自动管理内存的最小内存(M) oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=oracle #设定所有数据库用户使用同一个密码 DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true #设置安全更新 -
安装,执行下面命令
[oracle@oracle ~]$ cd /opt/oracle/database/ [oracle@oracle database]$ ./runInstaller -silent -responseFile /opt/oracle/database/response/db_install.rsp -ignorePrereq [oracle@oracle response]$ The installation of Oracle Database 12c was successful. Please check '/opt/inventory/logs/silentInstall2018-11-19_09-53-55PM.log' for more details. As a root user, execute the following script(s): 1. /opt/inventory/orainstRoot.sh 2. /opt/oracle/12c/root.sh #切换到root用户执行上面的脚本 -
查看监听文件,启动监听
[oracle@oracle response]$ vim netca.rsp [GENERAL] RESPONSEFILE_VERSION="12.2" CREATE_TYPE="CUSTOM" INSTALLED_COMPONENTS={"server","net8","javavm"} INSTALL_TYPE=""typical"" LISTENER_NUMBER=1 LISTENER_NAMES={"LISTENER"} LISTENER_PROTOCOLS={"TCP;1521"} LISTENER_START=""LISTENER"" NAMING_METHODS={"TNSNAMES","ONAMES","HOSTNAME"} NSN_NUMBER=1 NSN_NAMES={"EXTPROC_CONNECTION_DATA"} NSN_SERVICE={"PLSExtProc"} NSN_PROTOCOLS={"TCP;HOSTNAME;1521"} [oracle@oracle response]$ netca /silent /responseFile netca.rsp #检查 有三个配置文件生成 listener.ora sqlnet.ora tnsnames.ora [oracle@oracle ~]$ ls /opt/oracle/12c/network/admin/ listener.ora samples shrept.lst sqlnet.ora tnsnames.ora #检查1521端口是否启动 oracle@oracle ~]$ netstat -tulnp |grep 1521 tcp6 0 0 :::1521 :::* LISTEN 1616/tnslsnr -
添加数据库实例,修改daca.rsp文件
[oracle@oracle ~]$ cd /opt/oracle/database/response/ [oracle@oracle response]$ ls dbca.rsp db_install.rsp db_install.rsp.bak netca.rsp [oracle@oracle response]$ vim dbca.rsp #下面这些是必须填写的 responseFileVersion=/oracle/assistants/rspfmt_dbca_response_schema_v12.2.0 #默认 gdbName=orcl #数据库名 sid=orcl #数据库实例名 templateName=General_Purpose.dbc #这个不太明白 sysPassword=oracle #sys密码 systemPassword=oracle #system密码 emExpressPort=5500 #好像默认的,可以参考 datafileDestination=/opt/oracle/oradata #清单目录 recoveryAreaDestination=/opt/oracle/flash_recovery_area #数据恢复目录 characterSet=AL32UTF8 #字符集,最后配置对了,不然后面更改很麻烦 -
执行安装数据库实例
[oracle@oracle ~]$ cd /opt/oracle/12c/bin/ [oracle@oracle response]$ dbca -silent -createdatabase -responseFile /opt/oracle/database/response/dbca.rsp [WARNING] [DBT-06208] The 'SYS' password entered does not conform to the Oracle recommended standards. CAUSE: a. Oracle recommends that the password entered should be at least 8 characters in length, contain at least 1 uppercase character, 1 lower case character and 1 digit [0-9]. b.The password entered is a keyword that Oracle does not recommend to be used as password ACTION: Specify a strong password. If required refer Oracle documentation for guidelines. [WARNING] [DBT-06208] The 'SYSTEM' password entered does not conform to the Oracle recommended standards. CAUSE: a. Oracle recommends that the password entered should be at least 8 characters in length, contain at least 1 uppercase character, 1 lower case character and 1 digit [0-9]. b.The password entered is a keyword that Oracle does not recommend to be used as password ACTION: Specify a strong password. If required refer Oracle documentation for guidelines. Copying database files 1% complete 2% complete 18% complete 33% complete Creating and starting Oracle instance 35% complete 40% complete 44% complete 49% complete 50% complete 53% complete 55% complete Completing Database Creation 56% complete 57% complete 58% complete 62% complete 65% complete 66% complete Executing Post Configuration Actions 100% complete Look at the log file "/opt/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/orcl/orcl.log" for further details. [oracle@oracle response]$ [oracle@oracle respo -
检查
#实例状态 [oracle@oracle ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba SQL*Plus: Release 12.2.0.1.0 Production on Wed Nov 21 07:01:02 2018 Copyright (c) 1982, 2016, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connected to: Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production SYS@orcl> #实例进程,监听状态 [oracle@oracle ~]$ ps -ef |grep ora_ |grep -v grep oracle 1784 1 0 Nov20 ? 00:00:04 ora_pmon_orcl oracle 1786 1 0 Nov20 ? 00:00:01 ora_clmn_orcl oracle 1788 1 0 Nov20 ? 00:00:14 ora_psp0_orcl ... -
关于启动的问题
若使用dbstart报错如下,则修改文件dbstart
[oracle@oracle ~]$ dbstart ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER is not SET, unable to auto-start Oracle Net Listener Usage: /opt/oracle/12c/bin/dbstart ORACLE_HOME #修改dbstart文件 [oracle@oracle ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/bin [oracle@oracle bin]$ vim dbstart 将文件中的ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$1 调整为 ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$ORACLE_HOME