Cobbler-自动化部署，批量安装操作系统(Centos 7.5)

1.Cobbler介绍

Cobbler是一个Linux服务器安装的服务，可以通过网络启动(PXE)的方式来快速安装、重装物理服务器和虚拟机，同时还可以管理DHCP，DNS等。

Cobbler可以使用命令行方式管理，也提供了基于Web的界面管理工具(cobbler-web)，还提供了API接口，可以方便二次开发使用。

Cobbler集成的服务：

PXE服务支持
DHCP服务管理
DNS服务管理(可选bind,dnsmasq)
电源管理
Kickstart服务支持
YUM仓库管理
TFTP(PXE启动时需要)
Apache(提供kickstart的安装源，并提供定制化的kickstart配置)

2.系统环境准备

    cat /etc/redhat-release 
    CentOS release 6.7 (Final)
    uname -r
	2.6.32-573.el6.x86_64
	getenforce
	/etc/init.d/iptables status
	hostname -I
	10.0.0.7
#配置阿里云的epel源
	wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-6.repo
#关闭selinux
    setenforce 0
    sed -i 's#SELINUX=enforcing#SELINUX=disabled#g' /etc/selinux/config
    reboot
#关闭防火墙
	/etc/init.d/iptables stop

3.安装cobbler以及相关软件，cobbler配置

    yum install cobbler cobbler-web dhcp tftp-server pykickstart httpd xinetd -y
   
#出现报错
Error: Package: cobbler-web-2.6.11-7.git95749a6.el6.noarch (epel)Requires: Django >= 1.4

#解决办法
    cd /usr/local/src/
    yum install python-simplejson -y
    wget https://kojipkgs.fedoraproject.org//packages/Django14/1.4.14/1.el6/noarch/Django14-1.4.14-1.el6.noarch.rpm
    rpm -ivh Django14-1.4.14-1.el6.noarch.rpm

#再次安装
	yum install cobbler cobbler-web dhcp tftp-server pykickstart httpd xinetd -y
#启动
	/etc/init.d/httpd start
	/etc/init.d/cobblerd start
	cobbler check
#如有报错，可以重启cobbler，因为依赖包安装先后顺序，也有可能是selinux导致
	cobbler check
	
    The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:
    
    1 : The 'server' field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than localhost, or kickstarting features will not work.  This should be a resolvable hostname or IP for the boot server as reachable by all machines that will use it.
    2 : For PXE to be functional, the 'next_server' field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than 127.0.0.1, and should match the IP of the boot server on the PXE network.
    3 : some network boot-loaders are missing from /var/lib/cobbler/loaders, you may run 'cobbler get-loaders' to download them, or, if you only want to handle x86/x86_64 netbooting, you may ensure that you have installed a *recent* version of the syslinux package installed and can ignore this message entirely.  Files in this directory, should you want to support all architectures, should include pxelinux.0, menu.c32, elilo.efi, and yaboot. The 'cobbler get-loaders' command is the easiest way to resolve these requirements.
    4 : change 'disable' to 'no' in /etc/xinetd.d/rsync
    5 : debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories
    6 : The default password used by the sample templates for newly installed machines (default_password_crypted in /etc/cobbler/settings) is still set to 'cobbler' and should be changed, try: "openssl passwd -1 -salt 'random-phrase-here' 'your-password-here'" to generate new one
    7 : fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power management features. install cman or fence-agents to use them
    
    Restart cobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes.

#第1步+第2步
    vim /etc/cobbler/settings
    server: 10.0.0.7
    next_server: 10.0.0.7
    manage_dhcp: 1
##快速更改命令
    sed -i 's#server: 127.0.0.1#server: 10.0.0.7#g' /etc/cobbler/settings
    sed -i 's#next_server: 127.0.0.1#next_server: 10.0.0.7#g' /etc/cobbler/settings
    sed -i 's#manage_dhcp: 0#manage_dhcp: 1#g' /etc/cobbler/settings

#第3步
    cobbler get-loaders
    
#第4步
    vim /etc/xinetd.d/rsync
            disable = no
##快速更改命令
    sed -i 's/disable.*yes$/disable = no/g' /etc/xinetd.d/rsync
#重启xinetd
    /etc/init.d/xinetd restart
    
    vim /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
            disable                 = yes
##快速更改命令
    sed -i 's/disable.*yes$/disable                 = no/g' /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
    
    \cp /usr/share/doc/dhcp-4.1.1/dhcpd.conf.sample /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
    cat >> /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf <<EOF
    subnet 10.0.0.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
      range dynamic-bootp 10.0.0.100 10.0.0.200;
      option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
      next-server 10.0.0.7;
      filename "pxelinux.0";
    }
    EOF
#重启dhcp
    /etc/init.d/dhcpd start
    
#第6步
    [root@linux-node1 src]# openssl passwd -1 -salt 'zhou' '123456'
    $1$zhou$WwY0CcOpokzB5nsQz4A9D0
    vim /etc/cobbler/settings
    default_password_crypted: "$1$zhou$WwY0CcOpokzB5nsQz4A9D0"
##快速更改命令    
    sed -i 's/^default_password_crypted.*\"$/default_password_crypted: "$1$zhou$WwY0CcOpokzB5nsQz4A9D0"/g' /etc/cobbler/settings
##选做第5步，第7步
	yum install -y debmirror yum-utils fence-agents
	
####################cobbler管理dhcp####################

    vim /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template 
#修改这部分，其余默认
    subnet 10.0.0.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
         option routers             10.0.0.2;
         option domain-name-servers 10.0.0.2;
         option subnet-mask         255.255.255.0;
         range dynamic-bootp        10.0.0.100 10.0.0.200;
#修改完成后，执行
    cobbler sync
#cobbler日志
    cd /var/log/cobbler
    
#导入文件
    mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/
    cobbler import --path=/mnt/ --name=CentOS-7.5-x86_64 --arch=x86_64
#导入文件存放位置
    cd /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/
    CentOS-7.5-x86-64-x86-64/ config/
    
#KS文件存放位置
	vim /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/CentOS-7.5-x86_64.cfg
    #Kickstart
    #platform=x86,AMD64,or Intel EM64T
    #System language
    lang en_US
    #System keyboard
    keyboard us
    #System timezone
    timezone Asia/Shanghai
    #Root password
    rootpw --iscrypted $default_password_crypted
    #Use text mode install
    text
    #Install OS instead of upgrade
    install
    #Use NFS installation Media
    url --url=$tree
    #url --url=http://192.168.56.11/CentOS-7.1-x86_64
    #System bootloader configuration
    bootloader --location=mbr
    #Clear the Master Boot Record
    zerombr
    #Partition clearing information
    clearpart --all --initlabel
    #Disk partitioning information
    part /boot --fstype xfs --size 1024 --ondisk sda
    part swap --size 16384 --ondisk sda
    part / --fstype xfs --size 1 --grow --ondisk sda
    #System authorization information
    auth --useshadow --enablemd5
    #Network information
    $SNIPPET('network_config')
    #network --bootproto=dhcp --device=eth0 --onboot=on
    # Reboot after installation
    reboot
    #Firewall configuration
    firewall --disabled
    #SELinux configuration
    selinux --disabled
    #Do not configure XWindows
    skipx
    
    %pre
    $SNIPPET('log_ks_pre')
    $SNIPPET('kickstart_start')
    $SNIPPET('pre_install_network_config')
    # Enable installation monitoring
    $SNIPPET('pre_anamon')
    %end
    
    #Package install information
    %packages
    @ base
    @ core
    tree
    sysstat
    iptraf
    ntp
    lrzsz
    ncurses-devel
    openssl-devel
    zlib-devel
    OpenIPMI-tools
    mysql
    nmap
    screen
    %end
    
    %post
    systemctl disable postfix.service
    %end

#查看编辑cobbler配置文件帮助

    cobbler profile edit --help
#指定ks文件读取位置
    cobbler profile edit --name=CentOS-7.5-x86_64 --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/CentOS-7.5-x86_64.cfg
#将centos7.x版本的网卡名称标准化为eth0
    cobbler profile edit --name=CentOS-7.5-x86_64 --kopts='net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0'
#检查
    cobbler report
#cobbler 刷新
    cobbler sync
#这里可以新建虚拟机，开机后会有选择框，选择CentOS-7.5-x86_64后即将自动安装，记住新建虚拟机内存2G，不然报错

#通过mac地址指定IP直接安装,不用去手动选择
    cobbler system add --name=test01 --mac=00:50:56:31:FA:8E --profile=CentOS-7.5-x86_64 --ip-address=10.0.0.111 --subnet=255.255.255.0 --gateway=10.0.0.2 --interface=eth0 --static=1 --hostname=zon01 --name-servers="223.5.5.5"
    
#cobbler web生产文件位置
    vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/cobbler_web.conf
    https://10.0.0.7/cobbler_web
    cd /etc/cobbler/

参考：http://blog.51cto.com/jinlong/2059938