Room 数据库升级问题 java.lang.IllegalStateException: Migration didn't properly handle xxx

Migration升级数据库

有时需要更改现有的数据库架构。如果我们将添加,更新或删除数据库中的某些字段然后运行我们的应用程序,我们将看到来自Room的异常:

java.lang.IllegalStateException: Room cannot verify the data integrity. Looks like you’ve changed schema but forgot to update the version number. You can simply fix this by increasing the version number.

Room 会发现它的架构已经改变,并且它与数据库版本不再一致。现在,如果我们将增加版本号并再次运行应用程序,我们将看到另一个异常:

java.lang.IllegalStateException: A migration from 1 to 2 is necessary. Please provide a Migration in the builder or call fallbackToDestructiveMigration in the builder in which case Room will re-create all of the tables.

现在Room不知道如何将数据库从版本1迁移到版本2.在此错误房间建议我们两个解决方案:
- 删除并重新创建整个数据库
- 将现有的数据库架构升级到较新的版本

第一个选项是最简单的选项,但它不是最好的用户,因为我们将清除整个数据库…

不推荐这种解决方案,但可以使用。为此,我们需要在数据库构建器中添加一行:

Room.databaseBuilder(context, RepoDatabase.class, DB_NAME)
    .fallbackToDestructiveMigration()
    .build();

但是,如果我们希望我们的应用程序更加用户友好,我们可以提供数据库的迁移。使用Room 也很容易实现。为此,我们需要在数据库构建器中声明Migration:

举个例子:

旧版本的数据库结构是:

@Entity
public class Repo {
    @PrimaryKey
    public int id;
    public String name;
    public String url;

    public Repo() {
    }

    public Repo(int id, String name, String url) {
        this.id = id;
        this.name = name;
        this.url = url;
    }
    ... 省略getter setter  tostring 放法 
}

新的数据结构想加入 age 字段来表示年龄,添加后的代码:

@Entity
public class Repo {
    @PrimaryKey
    public int id;
    public String name;
    public String url;
    //新添加的age 字段
    public int age;

    public Repo() {
    }

    public Repo(int id, String name, String url, int age) {
        this.id = id;
        this.name = name;
        this.url = url;
        this.age = age;
    }

然后创建:

private static Migration migration1_2 = new Migration(1, 2) {
    @Override
    public void migrate(@NonNull SupportSQLiteDatabase database) {
        database.execSQL("ALTER TABLE Repo"
                + " ADD COLUMN age INTEGER ");

    }
};

添加 migration1_2 并增加数据库版本号为2:

private static RepoDatabase create(final Context context) {
    return Room.databaseBuilder(
            context,
            RepoDatabase.class,
            DB_NAME)
            .addMigrations(migration1_2)
            .build();
}
// 修改版本号
@Database(entities = Repo.class, version = 2)

调试运行看是否升级成功:
首先我在旧的版本数据库表里添加了一条数据:

[Repo{id=1, name='', url='Tomurl'}]

当运行成功获取数据库数据的时候出现了异常:

 Caused by: java.lang.IllegalStateException: Migration didn't properly handle Repo(com.meevii.roomlibrarydemo.data.Repo). 
  Expected:   

  TableInfo{name='Repo',  
  columns={name=Column{name='name', type='TEXT', affinity='2', notNull=false, primaryKeyPosition=0},   
  id=Column{name='id', type='INTEGER', affinity='3', notNull=true, primaryKeyPosition=1},  
  age=Column{name='age', type='INTEGER', affinity='3', notNull=true, primaryKeyPosition=0},    
  url=Column{name='url', type='TEXT', affinity='2', notNull=false, primaryKeyPosition=0}},    
  foreignKeys=[], indices=[]}    

  Found:  

  TableInfo{name='Repo',  
  columns={name=Column{name='name', type='TEXT', affinity='2', notNull=false, primaryKeyPosition=0},   
  id=Column{name='id', type='INTEGER', affinity='3', notNull=true, primaryKeyPosition=1},   
  age=Column{name='age', type='INTEGER',  affinity='3', notNull=false, primaryKeyPosition=0},  
  url=Column{name='url', type='TEXT', affinity='2', notNull=false, primaryKeyPosition=0}},   
  foreignKeys=[], indices=[]}    

   at com.meevii.roomlibrarydemo.data.RepoDatabase_Impl$1.validateMigration(RepoDatabase_Impl.java:73)

分析问题:
跟进代码的发现:

final TableInfo _infoRepo = new TableInfo("Repo", _columnsRepo, _foreignKeysRepo, _indicesRepo);
final TableInfo _existingRepo = TableInfo.read(_db, "Repo");
if (! _infoRepo.equals(_existingRepo)) {
  throw new IllegalStateException("Migration didn't properly handle Repo(com.meevii.roomlibrarydemo.data.Repo).\n"
          + " Expected:\n" + _infoRepo + "\n"
          + " Found:\n" + _existingRepo);
}

当已经存在的数据表跟新的数据表不同时会抛出此异常:
在看上面的错误信息发现:

Expected  
  age=Column{name='age', type='INTEGER', affinity='3', notNull=true, primaryKeyPosition=0},     
Found
  age=Column{name='age', type='INTEGER',  affinity='3', notNull=false, primaryKeyPosition=0},   

 notNull  的值不同  

经过一番查找找到了解决办法:


private static Migration migration1_2 = new Migration(1, 2) {
    @Override
    public void migrate(@NonNull SupportSQLiteDatabase database) {
        database.execSQL("ALTER TABLE Repo"
                + " ADD COLUMN age INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 10");
       //当添加int 类型数据时,需要添加默认值
    }
};

再次运行获取数据库数据:

[Repo{id=1, name='', url='Tomurl', age='10'}]

参考链接:
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/46372036/room-database-migration-doesnt-properly-handle-alter-table-migration
https://android.jlelse.eu/android-architecture-components-room-migration-1a269e1aeef7

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