leedcode——判断单链表是否有环及寻找环的入口点

题目:

Given a linked list, determine if it has a cycle in it.

Given a linked list, return the node where the cycle begins. If there is no cycle, returnnull.

思路:

链表有环判断:

设置快慢指针,如果快慢指针相遇,则证明有环。

leedcode——判断单链表是否有环及寻找环的入口点_第1张图片

(1)设置快慢指针,因为链表中有环,所以最终会相遇,相遇点为C

(2)两个指针分别放在链表起点和相遇点,以相同的速度前进,最终相遇在环的入口点。

证明:

dAB =  a,dBC = b,dCB = c;

2*(a+b) = a + b + n*(b+c);

a = (n - 1) * b + n * c = (n - 1)(b + c) +c;

由此可得出,两个指针放在链表起点和相遇点时,当一个指针走完a距离,另一个指针刚好将环绕了(n-1)圈加上c的距离。

代码:

判断有环:

/**
 * Definition for singly-linked list.
 * struct ListNode {
 *     int val;
 *     ListNode *next;
 *     ListNode(int x) : val(x), next(NULL) {}
 * };
 */
class Solution {
public:
    bool hasCycle(ListNode *head) {
        if(head == NULL) return false;
        ListNode *slow = head;
        ListNode *quick = head;
        while(quick->next != NULL && quick->next->next != NULL){
            slow = slow->next;
            quick = quick->next->next;
            if(slow == quick){
                return true;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }
};


寻找环的入口点:

class Solution {
public:
    ListNode *detectCycle(ListNode *head) {
        if(head == NULL) return NULL;
        ListNode *h = head;
        ListNode *slow = head;
        ListNode *quick = head;
        while(quick->next != NULL && quick->next->next != NULL){
            slow = slow->next;
            quick = quick->next->next;
            if(slow == quick){
                while(quick != h){
                    quick = quick->next;
                    h = h->next;
                }
                return h;
            }
        }
        return NULL;
    }
};


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