下面简单的helloword代码感受一下Quartz的工作流程:
package quartz;
import java.util.Date;
import org.quartz.Job;
import org.quartz.JobExecutionContext;
import org.quartz.JobExecutionException;
public class HelloWord implements Job{
//实现自己的定时方法
public void execute(JobExecutionContext arg0) throws JobExecutionException {
System.out.println("hello world " + new Date());
}
}
package quartz;
import java.util.Date;
import org.quartz.JobBuilder;
import org.quartz.JobDetail;
import org.quartz.Scheduler;
import org.quartz.SchedulerException;
import org.quartz.Trigger;
import org.quartz.TriggerBuilder;
import org.quartz.impl.StdSchedulerFactory;
public class SimpleExample {
public static void main(String[] args) throws SchedulerException{
SimpleExample example=new SimpleExample();
example.run();
}
public void run() throws SchedulerException {
//获取scheduler实例
Scheduler scheduler=StdSchedulerFactory.getDefaultScheduler();
scheduler.start();
//当前时间
Date runTime=new Date();
//定义一个 job 对象并绑定我们写的 HelloWord 类
// 真正执行的任务并不是Job接口的实例,而是用反射的方式实例化的一个JobDetail实例
JobDetail job=JobBuilder.newJob(HelloWord.class).withIdentity("job1","group1").build();
// 定义一个触发器,startAt方法定义了任务应当开始的时间 .即下一个整数分钟执行
Trigger trigger=TriggerBuilder.newTrigger().withIdentity("trigger1","group1").startAt(runTime).build();
// 将job和Trigger放入scheduler
scheduler.scheduleJob(job, trigger);
//启动
scheduler.start();
try {
Thread.sleep(100);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
scheduler.shutdown();
}
}
}
在实际web应用中,我们可用通过使用spring框架来使用Quartz实现定时任务,而且很方便,一共有三种方式:
org.springframework
spring-context-support
3.2.8.RELEASE
否则会报错)
package spring.demo.pojo;
import org.quartz.JobExecutionContext;
import org.quartz.JobExecutionException;
import org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.QuartzJobBean;
//继承QuartzJobBean,并重写executeInternal方法
public class QuartzTask extends QuartzJobBean{
private int timeout;
private static int i = 0;
//调度工厂实例化后,经过timeout时间开始执行调度
public void setTimeout(int timeout) {
this.timeout = timeout;
}
@Override
protected void executeInternal(JobExecutionContext context)
throws JobExecutionException {
System.out.println("task running..."+ ++i + "进行中...");
}
}
10,15,20,25,30,35,40,45,50,55 * * * * ?
package spring.demo.pojo;
public class QuartzJob {
public void work(){
System.out.println("work running...");
}
}
work
10,15,20,25,30,35,40,45,50,55 * * * * ?
3.第三种方式,通过@Scheduled注解的方式实现,需要修改applicationContext.xml三个部分内容:
1.xmlns添加:
xmlns:task="http://www.springframework.org/schema/task"
2.xsi:schemaLocation添加:
http://www.springframework.org/schema/task http://www.springframework.org/schema/task/spring-task-3.1.xsd
3.applicationContext.xml中添加:
最后在我们的定时任务上添加上@Scheduled注解即可,一般都采用cronTrigger方式,即@Scheduled(cron=“相应的定时表达式”)
package spring.demo.service;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Scheduled;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
@Service
public class QuartzService {
@Scheduled(cron = "0/2 * * * * *")
public void process() {
System.out.println("job run...");
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
while (true) {
System.out.println("main running...");
Thread.sleep(10000);
}
}
}
个人建议采用第二种和第三种的方式实现Quartz比较简洁方便,下面顺便在网上查阅关于cron表达式的资料,不过我记得好像有一些工具可以方便生成这些表达式(Visual Cron Editor)目前没有具体的研究过,当然有些表达式也可以百度查阅到:
Cron表达式包含6个必要组件和一个可选组件,如下表所示: