django 在原有表格添加或删除字段的实例

一、如果models.py文件为时：

timestamp = models.DateTimeField('保存日期')

会提示：

(env8) D:\Desktop\env8\Scripts\mysite>python manage.py makemigrations
You are trying to add a non-nullable field 'timestamp' to article without a defa
ult; we can't do that (the database needs something to populate existing rows).
Please select a fix:
 1) Provide a one-off default now (will be set on all existing rows)
 2) Quit, and let me add a default in models.py

输入：1 （这里要求你设置新建字段的默认值，它会在新建这个字段的同时把默认值也添加上去，）Select an option: 1

Please enter the default value now, as valid Python
The datetime and django.utils.timezone modules are available, so you can do e.g.
 timezone.now()
>>>

这里面不好修改

可以

(env8) D:\Desktop\env8\Scripts\mysite>python manage.py shell
(env8) D:\Desktop\env8\Scripts\mysite>from django.db import connection
(env8) D:\Desktop\env8\Scripts\mysite>cursor=connection.cursor()
(env8) D:\Desktop\env8\Scripts\mysite>cursor.execute('ALTER TABLEArticle add column timestamp varchar(100) default 0')
 

二、如果models.py文件为时：

timestamp = models.DateTimeField('保存日期',default=timezone.now,blank=False, null=False)
timestamp = models.DateTimeField('保存日期',default=timezone.now,blank=True, null=True)

blank

设置为True时，字段可以为空。设置为False时，字段是必须填写的。字符型字段CharField和TextField是用空字符串来存储空值的。如果为True，字段允许为空，默认不允许.

null

设置为True时，django用Null来存储空值。日期型、时间型和数字型字段不接受空字符串。所以设置IntegerField，DateTimeField型字段可以为空时，需要将blank，null均设为True。如果为True，空值将会被存储为NULL，默认为False。如果想设置BooleanField为空时可以选用NullBooleanField型字段。

(env8) D:\Desktop\env8\Scripts\mysite>python manage.py makemigrations就不会有下面的提示
(env8) D:\Desktop\env8\Scripts\mysite>python manage.py migrate 就行了中间不会设置数据类型（很容易出错）（若要设置默认值）

三、数据库设计是整个网站开发的核心

补充：timestamp = models.DateTimeField('保存日期')

(env8) D:\Desktop\env8\Scripts\mysite>python manage.py makemigrations
You are trying to add a non-nullable field 'timestamp' to article without a defa
ult; we can't do that (the database needs something to populate existing rows).
Please select a fix:
 1) Provide a one-off default now (will be set on all existing rows)
 2) Quit, and let me add a default in models.py
Select an option: 1
Please enter the default value now, as valid Python
The datetime and django.utils.timezone modules are available, so you can do e.g.
 timezone.now()
>>> '2017-12-16 05:04:31.000'（添加字段的数据类型格式）
Migrations for 'blog':
 0002_article_timestamp.py:
  - Add field timestamp to article
(env8) D:\Desktop\env8\Scripts\mysite>python manage.py migrate
Operations to perform:
 Synchronize unmigrated apps: staticfiles, ckeditor_uploader, messages, ckedito
r, bootstrap3
 Apply all migrations: admin, blog, contenttypes, auth, sessions
Synchronizing apps without migrations:
 Creating tables...
  Running deferred SQL...
 Installing custom SQL...
Running migrations:
 Rendering model states... DONE
 Applying blog.0002_article_timestamp...D:Desktop\env8\lib\site-packa
ges\django\db\models\fields\__init__.py:1474: RuntimeWarning: DateTimeField Arti
cle.timestamp received a naive datetime (2017-12-16 05:04:31) while time zone su
pport is active.
 RuntimeWarning)
 OK
(env8) D:\Desktop\env8\Scripts\mysite>

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