Struts2+Spring2+Hibernate3起步
网上搜索到的很多配置都是实现了HelloWorld，这里我简单实现一个用户注册的配置流程，我选用的开发环境是MyEclipse，Web容器是Tomcat6，数据库为mySql。
我们在MyEclipse里面新建一个web工程Test
一.配置Struts
首先下载Struts2的包,可以在http://struts.apache.org/下载到最新版本,我使用的是2.06,下载后的文件解压后进入apps/struts2-blank-2.0.6/WEB-INF/lib目录下,把所有的lib文件复制Test工程的WEB-INF目录下,加入后的包自动会显示在系统包的下方,目录如下图:
然后我们修改web.xml文件如下:
< web-app version ="2.4"
xmlns ="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee"
xmlns:xsi ="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation ="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee
http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd" >
< filter >
< filter-name > struts2 filter-name >
< filter-class >
org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.FilterDispatcher
filter-class >
filter >
< filter-mapping >
< filter-name > struts2 filter-name >
< url-pattern > /* url-pattern >
filter-mapping >
web-app >
告诉web容器所有以/*开头的url都交给struts处理
接着新建一个test.beans包,在此包下建立一个User.java文件,此为标准javaBean,有三个成员userName和password,userId,和相应的setter和getter方法
public class User {
private Integer userId;
private String userName;
private String password;
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
public String getUserName() {
return userName;
}
public void setUserName(String userName) {
this.userName = userName;
}
public Integer getUserId() {
return userId;
}
public void setUserId(Integer userId) {
this.userId = userId;
}
}
接下来新建一个包,我的名称为test.action,来存放工程action文件,在此包下建立一个UserRegisterAction的类,代码如下:
import test.beans.User;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
public class UserRegisterAction extends ActionSupport {
private User user;
public String execute()
{
return SUCCESS;
}
public User getUser() {
return user;
}
public void setUser(User user) {
this.user = user;
}
}
此处并没有添加业务逻辑,仅仅加入了一个user对象声明,和相应的getter和setter方法,主要是为了说明在jsp页面提交以后user对象会被自动创建和注入属性,业务逻辑将在配置Spring的时候添加.
在webRoot下建立2个jsp文件分别为userRegister.jsp和success.jsp
userRegister.jsp
pageEncoding = " UTF-8 " %>
<% @taglib prefix = " s " uri = " /struts-tags " %>
< html >
< head >
< title > 注册页面 title >
head >
< body >
< s:form action = " userRegister " >
< table align = " center " >
< caption >< h3 > 用户注册 h3 > caption >
< tr >
< td >< s:textfield label = " 用户名 " name = " user.userName " /> td >
tr >
< tr >
< td >< s:password label = " 密 码 " name = " user.password " /> td >
tr >
< tr align = " center " >
< td >< input type = " submit " value = " 注册 " /> td >< td >< input type = " reset " value = " 重填 " /> td >
tr >
table >
s:form >
body >
html >
success.jsp
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
%>
操作成功
最后我们在struts.xml里面配置这个Action,struts.xml位于src目录下
DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd" >
< struts >
< package name ="user" extends ="struts-default" >
< action name ="userRegister" class ="test.action.UserRegisterAction" >
< result name ="success" > /success.jsp result >
action >
package >
struts >
struts2和webwork2的配置基本类似,到此struts配置完成了,在配置Spring的时候我们将加入业务逻辑
一.配置Spring
下载Struts2的包,可在http://www.springframework.org/下载到最新版本,我使用的是2.04,解压缩后将dist目录下的三个jar文件加入到项目lib中，还需要把struts2中的struts2-spring-plugin-2.0.6.jar包加入到项目lib中
在src目录下新建test.Iservice和test.service包,分别为服务的接口和实现类,在test.Iservice包里面新建IUserService.java文件
import test.beans.User;
public interface IUserService {
public void saveUser(User user);
}
只写了一个保存接口,主要是演示作用,在实际项目中应该最少有findUser ,delUser等接口
在test.service包里面添加UserService.java文件来实现上面的接口,此处体现了反转控制 (IOC),用接口来控制实现类,提高了移植性
import test.Iservice.IUserService;
import test.beans.User;
public class UserService implements IUserService {
public void saveUser(User user) {
}
}
此处我并没有实现任何业务逻辑,在配置Hibernate的时候会添加
在配置struts的时候在userRegisterAction中没有添加任何逻辑,现在我们写了UserService类了,我们修改userRegisterAction代码如下
import test.Iservice.IUserService;
import test.beans.User;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
public class UserRegisterAction extends ActionSupport {
private User user;
private IUserService userService;
public String execute()
{
return SUCCESS;
}
public User getUser() {
return user;
}
public void setUser(User user) {
this.user = user;
}
public IUserService getUserService() {
return userService;
}
public void setUserService(IUserService userService) {
this.userService = userService;
}
}
< listener - class > org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener listener - class >
listener >
之后在src目录下添加文件struts.properties文件
struts.devMode = true
struts.objectFactory = spring
其中struts.objectFactory=spring将struts的Action交给spring管理，我们只需要在Action里面设置相应的setter方法就可以了,就像上面的getUserService
接下来就可以开始配置Spring的Bean了,在WEB-INF目录下建立一个applicationContext.xml文件,这是spring的主要配置文件
DOCTYPE beans PUBLIC "-//SPRING//DTD BEAN//EN"
"http://www.springframework.org/dtd/spring-beans.dtd" >
< beans >
< bean id ="userService" class ="test.service.UserService" />
beans >
基本的Spring就配置完了,接下来配置Hibernate
一.配置Hibernate
和前面一样,首先要下载Hibernate的包http://www.hibernate.org/ 有最新下载,我使用的是hibernate-3.1.2,将解压缩后的hibernate3.jar加入到项目lib中
创建数据库
使用mysql Query Brower在test数据库中添加user表Sql语句如下:
`userId` INTEGER UNSIGNED NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`userName` VARCHAR( 45 ) NOT NULL,
`password` VARCHAR( 45 ) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`userId`)
)
ENGINE = InnoDB;
编写映射文件
在配置struts的时候我们创建了一个User的类,我们要为它写一个映射文件User.hbm.xml
DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 2.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-2.0.dtd" >
< hibernate-mapping >
< class
name ="test.beans.User"
table ="user"
>
< id
name ="userId"
type ="java.lang.Integer"
column ="userId"
>
< generator class ="native" />
id >
< property
name ="userName"
type ="java.lang.String"
column ="userName"
not-null ="true"
length ="100"
/>
< property
name ="password"
type ="java.lang.String"
column ="password"
not-null ="true"
length ="100"
/>
class >
hibernate-mapping >
我们创建test.IDAO和test.DAO包,在IDAO包中编写一个IUserDAO.java
import test.beans.User;
public interface IUserDAO {
public void save(User user);
}
在DAO包中编写UserDAO.java实现上面的接口,同样体现了IOC
import org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.HibernateDaoSupport;
import test.IDAO.IUserDAO;
import test.beans.User;
public class UserDAO extends HibernateDaoSupport implements IUserDAO {
public void save(User user) {
getHibernateTemplate().save(user);
}
}
UserDAO继承了HibernateDaoSupport类,这是Spring为Hibernate设计的一个类,封装了很多操作,可以直接调用getHibernateTemplate()获得一个hibernatetemplate的实例.
在配置spring的时候我们编写了UserService类,但是没有任何业务逻辑,这里我们为UserService添加业务逻辑,修改后的UserService如下
import test.IDAO.IUserDAO;
import test.Iservice.IUserService;
import test.beans.User;
public class UserService implements IUserService {
private IUserDAO userDAO;
public void saveUser(User user) {
userDAO.save(user);
}
public IUserDAO getUserDAO() {
return userDAO;
}
public void setUserDAO(IUserDAO userDAO) {
this.userDAO = userDAO;
}
}
添加了userDAO成员,我们需要修改applicationContext.xml为UserService注入userDAO属性,并且配置数据库的一些属性,修改后的applicationContext.xml如下
DOCTYPE beans PUBLIC "-//SPRING//DTD BEAN 2.0//EN" "http://www.springframework.org/dtd/spring-beans-2.0.dtd" >
< beans >
< bean id ="dataSource"
class ="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource"
destroy-method ="close" >
< property name ="driverClassName"
value ="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" />
< property name ="url"
value ="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test" />
< property name ="username" value ="root" />
< property name ="password" value ="68467823" />
bean >
< bean id ="sessionFactory" class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean" >
< property name ="dataSource" >
< ref local ="dataSource" />
property >
< property name ="mappingResources" >
< list >
< value > test/beans/User.hbm.xml value >
list >
property >
< property name ="hibernateProperties" >
< props >
< prop key ="hibernate.dialect" > org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect prop >
< prop key ="hibernate.show_sql" > true prop >
< prop key ="hibernate.cglib.use_reflection_optimizer" > true prop >
< prop key ="hibernate.query.substitutions" > true 1, false 0 prop >
props >
property >
bean >
< bean id ="userService" class ="test.service.UserService" >
< property name ="userDAO" >
< ref local ="userDAO" />
property >
bean >
< bean id ="userDAO" class ="test.DAO.UserDAO" >
< property name ="sessionFactory" ref ="sessionFactory" />
bean >
beans >
注意映射文件的位置还有数据库的用户名和密码要改为自己的
最后我们在UserRegisterAction的execute()方法中加入userService.saveUser(user);修改后如下
import test.Iservice.IUserService;
import test.beans.User;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
public class UserRegisterAction extends ActionSupport {
private User user;
private IUserService userService;
public String execute()
{
userService.saveUser(user);
return SUCCESS;
}
public User getUser() {
return user;
}
public void setUser(User user) {
this.user = user;
}
public IUserService getUserService() {
return userService;
}
public void setUserService(IUserService userService) {
this.userService = userService;
}
}
现在配置都完成了,部署到服务器,用http://localhost:8080/test/userRegister.jsp 可以访问,数据成功添加入数据库
提交表单后在eclipse的控制台会显示HQL语句
正规的软件工程设计后才编码,不应该是上面的流程,我这么写是为了一样一样的配置起来看起来简单一点,在真正的工程中不会采取这种方式,还有没有进行表单验证,Struts有标签库支持认证,有兴趣的可以自己看下,很多概念和为什么要这么写都没有写得很清楚,希望大家体谅,有问题可以联系我[email protected] ,希望大家多提宝贵意见也希望能对初学者起到一定的帮助