native2ascii的使用

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native2ascii的使用

native2ascii [-reverse] [-encoding encoding] [inputfile [outputfile]]


java程序显示中文是大家都遇到过的问题,尤其是JAD文件的中文问题,一般都用native2ascii工具转换,这里收藏了native2ascii工具的详细说明:

-----------------------官方使用说明------------------------
native2ascii - Native-to-ASCII Converter
Converts a file with native-encoded characters (characters which are non-Latin 1 and non-Unicode) to one with Unicode-encoded characters.
SYNOPSIS
native2ascii [options] [inputfile [outputfile]]

DESCRIPTION
The Java compiler and other Java tools can only process files which contain Latin-1 and/or Unicode-encoded (\udddd notation) characters. native2ascii converts files which contain other character encodings into files containing Latin-1 and/or Unicode-encoded charaters.
If outputfile is omitted, standard output is used for output. If, in addition, inputfile is omitted, standard input is used for input.

OPTIONS
-reverse
Perform the reverse operation: convert a file with Latin-1 and/or Unicode encoded characters to one with native-encoded characters.


-encoding encoding_name
Specify the encoding name which is used by the conversion procedure. The default encoding is taken from System property file.encoding. The encoding_name string must be a string taken from the first column of the table below.


-------------------------------------------------------------

Converter        Description
Class
-------------------------------------------------------------

8859_1           ISO 8859-1
8859_2           ISO 8859-2
8859_3           ISO 8859-3
8859_4           ISO 8859-4
8859_5           ISO 8859-5
8859_6           ISO 8859-6
8859_7           ISO 8859-7
8859_8           ISO 8859-8
8859_9           ISO 8859-9
Big5             Big5, Traditional Chinese
CNS11643         CNS 11643, Traditional Chinese
Cp037            USA, Canada(Bilingual, French), Netherlands,
                               Portugal, Brazil, Australia
Cp1006           IBM AIX Pakistan (Urdu)
Cp1025           IBM Multilingual Cyrillic: Bulgaria, Bosnia,
                               Herzegovinia, Macedonia(FYR)
Cp1026           IBM Latin-5, Turkey
Cp1046           IBM Open Edition US EBCDIC
Cp1097           IBM Iran(Farsi)/Persian
Cp1098           IBM Iran(Farsi)/Persian (PC)
Cp1112           IBM Latvia, Lithuania
Cp1122           IBM Estonia
Cp1123           IBM Ukraine
Cp1124           IBM AIX Ukraine
Cp1125           IBM Ukraine (PC)
Cp1250           Windows Eastern European
Cp1251           Windows Cyrillic
Cp1252           Windows Latin-1
Cp1253           Windows Greek
Cp1254           Windows Turkish
Cp1255           Windows Hebrew
Cp1256           Windows Arabic
Cp1257           Windows Baltic
Cp1258           Windows Vietnamese
Cp1381           IBM OS/2, DOS People's Republic of China (PRC)
Cp1383           IBM AIX People's Republic of China (PRC)
Cp273            IBM Austria, Germany
Cp277            IBM Denmark, Norway
Cp278            IBM Finland, Sweden
Cp280            IBM Italy
Cp284            IBM Catalan/Spain, Spanish Latin America
Cp285            IBM United Kingdom, Ireland
Cp297            IBM France
Cp33722          IBM-eucJP - Japanese (superset of 5050)
Cp420            IBM Arabic
Cp424            IBM Hebrew
Cp437            MS-DOS United States, Australia, New Zealand,
                               South Africa
Cp500            EBCDIC 500V1
Cp737            PC Greek
Cp775            PC Baltic
Cp838            IBM Thailand extended SBCS
Cp850            MS-DOS Latin-1
Cp852            MS-DOS Latin-2
Cp855            IBM Cyrillic
Cp857            IBM Turkish
Cp860            MS-DOS Portuguese
Cp861            MS-DOS Icelandic
Cp862            PC Hebrew
Cp863            MS-DOS Canadian French
Cp864            PC Arabic
Cp865            MS-DOS Nordic
Cp866            MS-DOS Russian
Cp868            MS-DOS Pakistan
Cp869            IBM Modern Greek
Cp870            IBM Multilingual Latin-2
Cp871            IBM Iceland
Cp874            IBM Thai
Cp875            IBM Greek
Cp918            IBM Pakistan(Urdu)
Cp921            IBM Latvia, Lithuania (AIX, DOS)
Cp922            IBM Estonia (AIX, DOS)
Cp930            Japanese Katakana-Kanji mixed with 4370 UDC,
                               superset of 5026
Cp933            Korean Mixed with 1880 UDC, superset of 5029
Cp935            Simplified Chinese Host mixed with 1880 UDC,
                               superset of 5031
Cp937            Traditional Chinese Host miexed with 6204 UDC,
                               superset of 5033
Cp939            Japanese Latin Kanji mixed with 4370 UDC,
                               superset of 5035
Cp942            Japanese (OS/2) superset of 932
Cp948            OS/2 Chinese (Taiwan) superset of 938
Cp949            PC Korean
Cp950            PC Chinese (Hong Kong, Taiwan)
Cp964            AIX Chinese (Taiwan)
Cp970            AIX Korean
EUCJIS           JIS, EUC Encoding, Japanese
GB2312           GB2312, EUC encoding, Simplified Chinese
GBK              GBK, Simplified Chinese
ISO2022CN        ISO 2022 CN, Chinese
ISO2022CN_CNS    CNS 11643 in ISO-2022-CN form, T. Chinese
ISO2022CN_GB     GB 2312 in ISO-2022-CN form, S. Chinese
ISO2022KR        ISO 2022 KR, Korean
JIS              JIS, Japanese
JIS0208          JIS 0208, Japanese
KOI8_R           KOI8-R, Russian
KSC5601          KS C 5601, Korean
MS874            Windows Thai
MacArabic        Macintosh Arabic
MacCentralEurope Macintosh Latin-2
MacCroatian      Macintosh Croatian
MacCyrillic      Macintosh Cyrillic
MacDingbat       Macintosh Dingbat
MacGreek         Macintosh Greek
MacHebrew        Macintosh Hebrew
MacIceland       Macintosh Iceland
MacRoman         Macintosh Roman
MacRomania       Macintosh Romania
MacSymbol        Macintosh Symbol
MacThai          Macintosh Thai
MacTurkish       Macintosh Turkish
MacUkraine       Macintosh Ukraine
SJIS             Shift-JIS, Japanese
UTF8             UTF-8
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

不过WTK可以直接解决JAD的中文问题:
 settings>MidLets>MidLet-1属性改成你想要显示的中文后重新生成JAD和JAR文件即可。

JAVA字符的编码
一、概要
在JAVA应用程序特别是基于WEB的程序中,经常遇到字符的编码问题。为了防止出现乱码,首先需要了解JAVA是如何处理字符的,这样就可以有目的地在输入/输出环节中增加必要的转码。其次,由于各种服务器有不同的处理方式,还需要多做试验,确保使用中不出现乱码。
二、基本概念
2.1 JAVA中字符的表达
JAVA中有char、byte、String这几个概念。char 指的是一个UNICODE字符,为16位的整数。byte 是字节,字符串在网络传输或存储前需要转换为byte数组。在从网络接收或从存储设备读取后需要将byte数组转换成String。String是字符串,可以看成是由char组成的数组。String 和 char 为内存形式,byte是网络传输或存储的序列化形式。
 举例:

String ying = “英”;
char ying = ying.charAt(0);
String yingHex = Integer.toHexString(ying);
82 F1  
byte yingGBBytes = ying.getBytes(“GBK”);
GB编码的字节数值
D3 A2

2.2 编码方式的简介
 String序列化成byte数组或反序列化时需要选择正确的编码方式。如果编码方式不正确,就会得到一些0x3F的值。常用的字符编码方式有ISO8859_1、GB2312、GBK、UTF-8/UTF-16/UTF-32。
ISO8859_1用来编码拉丁文,它由单字节(0-255)组成。
 GB2312、GBK用来编码简体中文,它有单字节和双字节混合组成。最高位为1的字节和下一个字节构成一个汉字,最高位为0的字节是ASCII码。
UTF-8/UTF-16/UTF-32是国际标准UNICODE的编码方式。 用得最多的是UTF-8,主要是因为它在对拉丁文编码时节约空间。

UNICODE值 UTF-8编码
U-00000000 - U-0000007F: 0xxxxxxx
U-00000080 - U-000007FF:  110xxxxx 10xxxxxx
U-00000800 - U-0000FFFF:  1110xxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx
U-00010000 - U-001FFFFF:  11110xxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx
U-00200000 - U-03FFFFFF:  111110xx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx
U-04000000 - U-7FFFFFFF:  1111110x 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx

三、J2SE中相关的函数
String str =”英”;
 //取得GB2312编码的字节
byte[] bytesGB2312 = str.getBytes(“GB2312”);

//取得平台缺省编码的字节(solaris为ISO8859_1,windows为GB2312)
byte[] bytesDefault = str.getBytes();

//用指定的编码将字节转换成字符串
 String newStrGB = new String(bytesGB2312, “GB2312”);
 
//用平台缺省的编码将字节转换成字符串(solaris为ISO8859_1,windows为GB2312)
 String newStrDefault = new String(bytesDefault);

 //用指定的编码从字节流里面读取字符
InputStream in = xxx;
InputStreamReader reader = InputStreamReader( in, “GB2312”);
char aChar = reader.read();
四、JSP、数据库的编码
4.1 JSP中的编码
(1) 静态声明:
CHARSET有两个作用:
JSP文件的编码方式:在读取JSP文件、生成JAVA类时,源JSP文件中汉字的编码
JSP输出流的编码方式:在执行JSP时,往response流里面写入数据的编码方式
(2) 动态改变:在往response流里面写数据前可以调用response.setContentType(),设定正确的编码类型。
(3) 在TOMCAT中,由Request.getParameter() 得到的参数,编码方式都是ISO8859_1。所以如果在浏览器输入框内输入一个汉字“英”,在服务器端就得到一个ISO8859_1编码的(0x00,0xD3,0x00,0xA2)。所以通常在接收参数时转码:
String wrongStr = response.getParameter(“name”);
String correctStr = new String(wrongStr.getBytes(“ISO8859_1”),”GB2312”);
在最新的SERVLET规范里面,也可以在获取参数之前执行如下代码:
request.setCharacterEncoding(“GB2312”);

4.2 数据库的编码
(1) 数据库使用UTF-16
如果String中是UNICODE字符,写入读出时不需要转码
(2) 数据库使用ISO8859_1
如果String中是UNICODE字符,写入读出时需要转码
写入:String newStr = new String(oldStr.getByte(“GB2312”), “ISO8859_1”);
读出:String newStr = new String(oldStr.getByte(“ISO8859_1”),”GB2312”);
五、源文件的编码
5.1 资源文件
资源文件的编码方式和编辑平台相关。在WINDOWS平台下编写的资源文件,以GB2312方式编码。在编译时需要转码,以确保在各个平台上的正确性:
native2ascii –encoding GB2312 source.properties
这样从资源文件中读出的就是正确的UNICODE字符串。
5.2 源文件
源文件的编码方式和编辑平台相关。在WINDOWS平台下开发的源文件,以GB2312方式编码。在编译的时候,需要指定源文件的编码方式:
javac –encoding GB2312
 JAVA编译后生成的字节文件的编码为UTF-8。
①最新版TOMCAT4.1.18支持request.setCharacterEncoding(String enc)
②资源文件转码成company.name=\u82f1\u65af\u514b
③如果数据库使用utf-16则不需要这部分转码
④页面上应有
转码ⅰ:
String s = new String
(request.getParameter(“name”).getBytes(“ISO8859_1”),”GB2312”);
转码ⅱ:
String s = new String(name.getBytes(“GB2312”),”ISO8859_1”);
转码ⅲ:
String s = new String(name.getBytes(“ISO8859_1”),” GB2312”);

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