Oracle Study之--Oracle 11gR2通过RMAN克隆数据库
Purpose of Database Duplication
A duplicate database is useful for a variety of purposes, most of which involve testing. You can perform the following tasks in a duplicate database:
Test backup and recovery procedures
Test an upgrade to a new release of Oracle Database
Test the effect of applications on database performance
Create a standby database
Generate reports
Techniques for Duplicating a Database
RMAN supports two basic types of duplication: active database duplication and backup-based duplication. RMAN can perform backup-based duplication with or without either of the following connections:
Target
Recovery catalog
A connection to both is required for active database duplication.
Figure 24-1 shows the decision tree for the two duplication techniques.
Active Database Duplication
In active database duplication, RMAN connects as TARGET to the source database instance and as AUXILIARY to the auxiliary instance. RMAN copies the live source database over the network to the auxiliary instance, thereby creating the duplicate database. No backups of the source database are required. Figure 24-2 illustrates active database duplication.
Oracle 11g的RMAN duplicate 可以通过Active database duplicate和Backup-based duplicate两种方法实现。本案例使用的是Active database duplicate，对于Active database duplicate来说，在克隆数据库时不用对Source备份，这对于大数据特别是T级别的数据库来说优点非常明显，复制前不需要进行备份，减少了备份和传送备份的时间，同时节省备份空间。
克隆数据库一般是在不同的主机上来完成，本案例是测试环境，所以在一台主机上完成。
1、Source 库信息
[oracle@rh64 ~]$sqlplus '/as sysdba'
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Thu Mar 24 16:30:48 2016 Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options 16:30:48 SYS@ prod>select status from v$instance; STATUS ------------ OPEN 16:31:12 SYS@ prod>select name from v$datafile; NAME ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ /u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/system01.dbf /u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/sysaux01.dbf /u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/undotbs01.dbf /u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/users01.dbf /u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/example01.dbf /u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/test1.dbf 6 rows selected. 16:37:41 SYS@ prod>select member from v$logfile; MEMBER ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ /u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/redo03.log /u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/redo02.log /u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/redo01.log 16:38:43 SYS@ prod>show parameter name NAME TYPE VALUE ------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------ db_file_name_convert string db_name string prod db_unique_name string prod global_names boolean FALSE instance_name string prod lock_name_space string log_file_name_convert string processor_group_name string service_names string prod
2、构建测试库：
1）测试库目录环境
[root@rh64 dsk3]# cd test1/
[root@rh64 test1]# ls
oradata logs admin
2）生成测试库pfile
[oracle@rh64 dbs]$ cat inittest1.ora
*.audit_file_dest='/dsk3/test1/admin/adump'
*.audit_trail='db'
*.compatible='11.2.0.0.0'
*.control_files='/dsk3/test1/oradata/control01.ctl'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_domain=''
*.db_name='test1'
*.diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle'
*.memory_target=319430400
*.open_cursors=300
*.processes=150
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
*.db_file_name_convert=('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/','/dsk3/test1/oradata/') ；如果源库和目标库在同一台主机，需要配置文件存储路径转换参数
*.log_file_name_convert=('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/','/dsk3/test1/logs/')
3）生成口令文件
[oracle@rh64 dbs]$ cp orapwprod orapwtest1
4）启动Auxiliary Instance到no mount
16:52:01 SYS@ test1>startup nomount; ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 521936896 bytes Fixed Size 2229944 bytes Variable Size 314575176 bytes Database Buffers 201326592 bytes Redo Buffers 3805184 bytes
16:52:13 SYS@ test1>show parameter name
NAME TYPE VALUE ------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------ db_file_name_convert string /u01/app/oracle/oradata/p rod/,/dsk3/test1/oradata/ db_name string test1 db_unique_name string test1 global_names boolean FALSE instance_name string test1 lock_name_space string log_file_name_convert string /u01/app/oracle/oradata/pro d/,/dsk3/test1/logs/ processor_group_name string service_names string test1
三、配置网络Listener 和 tnsnames
由于Auxiliary Instance只能启动到no mount状态，所以需要在listener里配置Auxiliary Instance为静态注册，以便RMAN进行连接。
1）配置监听器
[oracle@rh64 admin]$ cat listener.ora
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
LISTENER = (DESCRIPTION_LIST = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rh64)(PORT = 1521)) (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521)) ) ) ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/app/oracle
# 静态注册Auxiliary Instance：test1
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = test1)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)
(SID_NAME = test1)
)
)
2）配置tnsnames
[oracle@rh64 admin]$ cat tnsnames.ora
# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora # Generated by Oracle configuration tools. PROD = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rh64)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = prod) ) ) TEST1 = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rh64)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = test1) ) ）
3）查看listener信息
[oracle@rh64 admin]$ lsnrctl status
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on 24-MAR-2016 17:44:04 Copyright (c) 1991, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=rh64)(PORT=1521))) STATUS of the LISTENER ------------------------ Alias LISTENER Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.3.0 - Production Start Date 24-MAR-2016 17:43:17 Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 46 sec Trace Level off Security ON: Local OS Authentication SNMP OFF Listener Parameter File /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora Listener Log File /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/rh64/listener/alert/log.xml Listening Endpoints Summary... (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=rh64.cuug.cn)(PORT=1521))) (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521))) Services Summary... Service "prod" has 1 instance(s). Instance "prod", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "prodXDB" has 1 instance(s). Instance "prod", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "test1" has 1 instance(s). Instance "test1", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service... # Auxiliary Instance静态注册后，状态为“UNKNOWN" The command completed successfully
四、配置RMAN克隆
[oracle@rh64 admin]$ rman target sys/oracle@prod auxiliary sys/oracle@test1
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Thu Mar 24 17:07:38 2016
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: PROD (DBID=305104131)
connected to auxiliary database: TEST1 (not mounted)
RMAN> duplicate database to test1 from active database nofilenamecheck;
Starting Duplicate Db at 24-MAR-16
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: SID=20 device type=DISK
contents of Memory Script:
{
sql clone "create spfile from memory";
}
executing Memory Script
sql statement: create spfile from memory
contents of Memory Script:
{
shutdown clone immediate;
startup clone nomount;
}
executing Memory Script
Oracle instance shut down
connected to auxiliary database (not started)
Oracle instance started
Total System Global Area 321507328 bytes
Fixed Size 2228024 bytes
Variable Size 230686920 bytes
Database Buffers 83886080 bytes
Redo Buffers 4706304 bytes
contents of Memory Script:
{
sql clone "alter system set db_name =
''PROD'' comment=
''Modified by RMAN duplicate'' scope=spfile";
sql clone "alter system set db_unique_name =
''TEST1'' comment=
''Modified by RMAN duplicate'' scope=spfile";
shutdown clone immediate;
startup clone force nomount
backup as copy current controlfile auxiliary format '/dsk3/test1/oradata/control01.ctl';
alter clone database mount;
}
executing Memory Script
sql statement: alter system set db_name = ''PROD'' comment= ''Modified by RMAN duplicate'' scope=spfile
sql statement: alter system set db_unique_name = ''TEST1'' comment= ''Modified by RMAN duplicate'' scope=spfile
Oracle instance shut down
Oracle instance started
Total System Global Area 321507328 bytes
Fixed Size 2228024 bytes
Variable Size 230686920 bytes
Database Buffers 83886080 bytes
Redo Buffers 4706304 bytes
Starting backup at 24-MAR-16
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=34 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
copying current control file
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/snapcf_prod.f tag=TAG20160324T175437 RECID=3 STAMP=907350882
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:07
Finished backup at 24-MAR-16
database mounted
contents of Memory Script:
{
set newname for datafile 1 to
"/dsk3/test1/data/system01.dbf";
set newname for datafile 2 to
"/dsk3/test1/data/sysaux01.dbf";
set newname for datafile 3 to
"/dsk3/test1/data/undotbs01.dbf";
set newname for datafile 4 to
"/dsk3/test1/data/users01.dbf";
set newname for datafile 5 to
"/dsk3/test1/data/example01.dbf";
set newname for datafile 6 to
"/dsk3/test1/data/test1.dbf";
backup as copy reuse
datafile 1 auxiliary format
"/dsk3/test1/data/system01.dbf" datafile
2 auxiliary format
"/dsk3/test1/data/sysaux01.dbf" datafile
3 auxiliary format
"/dsk3/test1/data/undotbs01.dbf" datafile
4 auxiliary format
"/dsk3/test1/data/users01.dbf" datafile
5 auxiliary format
"/dsk3/test1/data/example01.dbf" datafile
6 auxiliary format
"/dsk3/test1/data/test1.dbf" ;
sql 'alter system archive log current';
}
executing Memory Script
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
Starting backup at 24-MAR-16
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/system01.dbf
output file name=/dsk3/test1/oradata/system01.dbf tag=TAG20160324T180122
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:01:45
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00002 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/sysaux01.dbf
output file name=/dsk3/test1/oradata/sysaux01.dbf tag=TAG20160324T180122
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:01:35
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00005 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/example01.dbf
output file name=/dsk3/test1/oradata/example01.dbf tag=TAG20160324T180122
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:55
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/undotbs01.dbf
output file name=/dsk3/test1/oradata/undotbs01.dbf tag=TAG20160324T180122
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00006 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/test1.dbf
output file name=/dsk3/test1/oradata/test1.dbf tag=TAG20160324T180122
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:07
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/users01.dbf
output file name=/dsk3/test1/oradata/users01.dbf tag=TAG20160324T180122
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
Finished backup at 24-MAR-16
sql statement: alter system archive log current
contents of Memory Script:
{
backup as copy reuse
archivelog like "/dsk4/arch_prod/arch_1_32_893265808.log" auxiliary format
"/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/arch1_32_893265808.dbf" ;
catalog clone archivelog "/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/arch1_32_893265808.dbf";
switch clone datafile all;
}
executing Memory Script
Starting backup at 24-MAR-16
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log copy
input archived log thread=1 sequence=32 RECID=26 STAMP=907351568
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/arch1_32_893265808.dbf RECID=0 STAMP=0
channel ORA_DISK_1: archived log copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 24-MAR-16
cataloged archived log
archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/arch1_32_893265808.dbf RECID=26 STAMP=907351572
datafile 1 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=4 STAMP=907351573 file name=/dsk3/test1/oradata/system01.dbf
datafile 2 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=5 STAMP=907351573 file name=/dsk3/test1/oradata/sysaux01.dbf
datafile 3 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=6 STAMP=907351574 file name=/dsk3/test1/oradata/undotbs01.dbf
datafile 4 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=7 STAMP=907351574 file name=/dsk3/test1/oradata/users01.dbf
datafile 5 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=8 STAMP=907351574 file name=/dsk3/test1/oradata/example01.dbf
datafile 6 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=9 STAMP=907351574 file name=/dsk3/test1/oradata/test1.dbf
contents of Memory Script:
{
set until scn 1471172;
recover
clone database
delete archivelog
;
}
executing Memory Script
executing command: SET until clause
Starting recover at 24-MAR-16
allocated channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: SID=18 device type=DISK
starting media recovery
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 32 is already on disk as file /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/arch1_32_893265808.dbf
archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/arch1_32_893265808.dbf thread=1 sequence=32
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:05
Finished recover at 24-MAR-16
Oracle instance started
Total System Global Area 321507328 bytes
Fixed Size 2228024 bytes
Variable Size 234881224 bytes
Database Buffers 79691776 bytes
Redo Buffers 4706304 bytes
contents of Memory Script:
{
sql clone "alter system set db_name =
''TEST1'' comment=
''Reset to original value by RMAN'' scope=spfile";
sql clone "alter system reset db_unique_name scope=spfile";
shutdown clone immediate;
startup clone nomount;
}
executing Memory Script
sql statement: alter system set db_name = ''TEST1'' comment= ''Reset to original value by RMAN'' scope=spfile
sql statement: alter system reset db_unique_name scope=spfile
Oracle instance shut down
connected to auxiliary database (not started)
Oracle instance started
Total System Global Area 321507328 bytes
Fixed Size 2228024 bytes
Variable Size 234881224 bytes
Database Buffers 79691776 bytes
Redo Buffers 4706304 bytes
sql statement: CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE SET DATABASE "TEST1" RESETLOGS ARCHIVELOG
MAXLOGFILES 16
MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
MAXDATAFILES 100
MAXINSTANCES 8
MAXLOGHISTORY 292
LOGFILE
GROUP 1 ( '/dsk3/test1/logs/''redo01.log' ) SIZE 50 M REUSE,
GROUP 2 ( '/dsk3/test1/logs/''redo02.log' ) SIZE 50 M REUSE,
GROUP 3 ( '/dsk3/test1/logs/''redo03.log' ) SIZE 50 M REUSE
DATAFILE
'/dsk3/test1/oradata/system01.dbf'
CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK
contents of Memory Script:
{
set newname for tempfile 1 to
"/dsk3/test1/oradata/temp01.dbf";
switch clone tempfile all;
catalog clone datafilecopy "/dsk3/test1/oradata/sysaux01.dbf",
"/dsk3/test1/oradata/undotbs01.dbf",
"/dsk3/test1/oradata/users01.dbf",
"/dsk3/test1/oradata/example01.dbf",
"/dsk3/test1/oradata/test1.dbf";
switch clone datafile all;
}
executing Memory Script
executing command: SET NEWNAME
renamed tempfile 1 to /dsk3/test1/oradata/temp01.dbf in control file
cataloged datafile copy
datafile copy file name=/dsk3/test1/oradata/sysaux01.dbf RECID=1 STAMP=907351727
cataloged datafile copy
datafile copy file name=/dsk3/test1/oradata/undotbs01.dbf RECID=2 STAMP=907351728
cataloged datafile copy
datafile copy file name=/dsk3/test1/oradata/users01.dbf RECID=3 STAMP=907351728
cataloged datafile copy
datafile copy file name=/dsk3/test1/oradata/example01.dbf RECID=4 STAMP=907351728
cataloged datafile copy
datafile copy file name=/dsk3/test1/oradata/test1.dbf RECID=5 STAMP=907351729
datafile 2 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=1 STAMP=907351727 file name=/dsk3/test1/oradata/sysaux01.dbf
datafile 3 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=2 STAMP=907351728 file name=/dsk3/test1/oradata/undotbs01.dbf
datafile 4 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=3 STAMP=907351728 file name=/dsk3/test1/oradata/users01.dbf
datafile 5 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=4 STAMP=907351728 file name=/dsk3/test1/oradata/example01.dbf
datafile 6 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=5 STAMP=907351729 file name=/dsk3/test1/oradata/test1.dbf
Reenabling controlfile options for auxiliary database
Executing: alter database enable block change tracking using file '/dsk4/backup/block.trc'
ORACLE error from auxiliary database: ORA-19751: could not create the change tracking file
ORA-19750: change tracking file: '/dsk4/backup/block.trc'
ORA-27038: created file already exists
Additional information: 1
Ignoring error, reattempt command after duplicate finishes
contents of Memory Script:
{
Alter clone database open resetlogs;
}
executing Memory Script
database opened
Finished Duplicate Db at 24-MAR-16
五、验证克隆
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options 18:28:57 SYS@ test1>select status from v$instance; STATUS ------------ OPEN 18:29:06 SYS@ test1>select name from v$datafile; NAME -------------------------------------------------------------------------- /dsk3/test1/oradata/system01.dbf /dsk3/test1/oradata/sysaux01.dbf /dsk3/test1/oradata/undotbs01.dbf /dsk3/test1/oradata/users01.dbf /dsk3/test1/oradata/example01.dbf /dsk3/test1/oradata/test1.dbf 6 rows selected. 18:29:13 SYS@ test1>select member from v$logfile; MEMBER -------------------------------------------------------------------------- /dsk3/test1/logs/redo03.log /dsk3/test1/logs/redo02.log /dsk3/test1/logs/redo01.log 18:30:19 SYS@ test1>show parameter control NAME TYPE VALUE ------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------- control_files string /dsk3/test1/oradata/control01.ctl
-------- 至此，数据库克隆成功 ！