一·、Go语言的官方网站
https://golang.org/dl/
二、安装Go语言
Linux版本：mac版本和windows版本安装没啥说的，一直“ok”“下一步”就可以了
tar zxf go1.11.4.linux-amd64.tar.gz
mv go /usr/local/
mkdir -p /usr/local/go/gocode/{bin,pkg,src}解释：gocode：是工作空间，涉及源代码的存放和包的管理，生产环境下建议放在用户个人目录下。
| 文件夹 | 作用 |
|---|---|
| bin | 存放编译后的可执行程序 |
| pkg | 存放编译后的包文件(.a文件) |
| src | 存放源代码 |
三、设置GOPATH和GOROOT环境变量
vim /etc/profile
增加这三行：
export GOROOT=/usr/local/go
export PATH=$GOROOT/bin:$PATH
export GOPATH=$GOROOT/gocode使其生效：source /etc/profile
四、验证
执行：go version
go version go1.11.4 linux/amd64五、Go环境变量介绍
执行：go env
GOARCH="amd64"
GOBIN=""
GOCACHE="/root/.cache/go-build"
GOEXE=""
GOFLAGS=""
GOHOSTARCH="amd64"
GOHOSTOS="linux"
GOOS="linux"
GOPATH="/usr/local/go/gocode/"
GOPROXY=""
GORACE=""
GOROOT="/usr/local/go"
GOTMPDIR=""
GOTOOLDIR="/usr/local/go/pkg/tool/linux_amd64"
GCCGO="gccgo"
CC="gcc"
CXX="g++"
CGO_ENABLED="1"
GOMOD=""386、
CGO_CFLAGS="-g -O2"
CGO_CPPFLAGS=""
CGO_CXXFLAGS="-g -O2"
CGO_FFLAGS="-g -O2"
CGO_LDFLAGS="-g -O2"
PKG_CONFIG="pkg-config"
GOGCCFLAGS="-fPIC -m64 -pthread -fmessage-length=0 -fdebug-prefix-map=/tmp/go-build119196690=/tmp/go-build -gno-record-gcc-switches"GOROOT="/usr/local/go" //表示Go在服务器上安装位置
GOPATH="/usr/local/go/gocode/" //表示Go语言的工作目录
GOARCH="amd64" //表示机器的处理器架构，值可以是：386、amd64、arm
GOOS="linux" //表示当前机器的操作系统，值可以是：darwin、freebsd、linux、windows（其中darwin就是mac系统）
GOBIN="" //表示编译器和链接器的安装位置，默认位置是 $GOROOT/bin，一般情况下你可以将它的值设置为空，Go 将会使用前面提到的默认值
六、Go语言源码路径说明
[root@Go ~]# ls -l /usr/local/go
total 180
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 258 Dec 15 07:36 api
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 55284 Dec 15 07:36 AUTHORS
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 42 Dec 15 07:48 bin
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1339 Dec 15 07:36 CONTRIBUTING.md
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 71070 Dec 15 07:36 CONTRIBUTORS
drwxr-xr-x 8 root root 4096 Dec 15 07:36 doc
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5686 Dec 15 07:36 favicon.ico
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 Jan 23 15:30 gocode
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 18 Dec 15 07:36 lib
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1479 Dec 15 07:36 LICENSE
drwxr-xr-x 15 root root 202 Dec 15 07:48 misc
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1303 Dec 15 07:36 PATENTS
drwxr-xr-x 9 root root 199 Dec 15 07:48 pkg
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1607 Dec 15 07:36 README.md
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 26 Dec 15 07:36 robots.txt
drwxr-xr-x 46 root root 4096 Dec 15 07:36 src
drwxr-xr-x 22 root root 8192 Dec 15 07:48 test
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 8 Dec 15 07:36 VERSION1）bin目录
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 13057654 Dec 15 07:38 go
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 16006569 Dec 15 07:48 godoc
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 3373518 Dec 15 07:38 gofmt包含可执行文件，如：编辑器、Go工具
2）doc目录
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 85 Dec 15 07:36 articles
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 33541 Dec 15 07:36 asm.html
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3006 Dec 15 07:36 cmd.html
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 16933 Dec 15 07:36 code.html
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 202 Dec 15 07:46 codewalk
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 8701 Dec 15 07:36 conduct.html
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4586 Dec 15 07:36 contrib.html
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 36834 Dec 15 07:36 contribute.html
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 16577 Dec 15 07:36 debugging_with_gdb.html
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 65 Dec 15 07:36 devel
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 17573 Dec 15 07:36 diagnostics.html
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 8865 Dec 15 07:36 docs.html
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1405 Dec 15 07:36 editors.html
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 116452 Dec 15 07:36 effective_go.html
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4319 Dec 15 07:36 gccgo_contribute.html
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 17052 Dec 15 07:36 gccgo_install.html
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 59265 Dec 15 07:36 go1.10.html
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 36305 Dec 15 07:36 go1.11.html
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 40411 Dec 15 07:36 go1.1.html
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 35000 Dec 15 07:36 go1.2.html
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 23115 Dec 15 07:36 go1.3.html
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 33535 Dec 15 07:36 go1.4.html
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 47800 Dec 15 07:36 go1.5.html
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 37592 Dec 15 07:36 go1.6.html
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 43702 Dec 15 07:36 go1.7.html
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 59014 Dec 15 07:36 go1.8.html
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 37538 Dec 15 07:36 go1.9.html
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 7216 Dec 15 07:36 go1compat.html
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 71461 Dec 15 07:36 go1.html
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 89479 Dec 15 07:36 go_faq.html
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 8843 Dec 15 07:36 go-logo-black.png
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9360 Dec 15 07:36 go-logo-blue.png
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 21469 Dec 15 07:36 go-logo-white.png
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 13497 Dec 15 07:36 go_mem.html
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Dec 15 07:36 gopher
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 204825 Dec 15 07:36 go_spec.html
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3128 Dec 15 07:36 help.html
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 34 Dec 15 07:36 ie.css
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9159 Dec 15 07:36 install.html
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 19777 Dec 15 07:36 install-source.html
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 131 Dec 15 07:36 play
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Dec 15 07:36 progs
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4520 Dec 15 07:36 root.html
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 8411 Dec 15 07:36 security.html
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2993 Dec 15 07:36 share.png
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 360 Dec 15 07:36 tos.html包含示例程序、代码工具、本地文档等
3）lib目录
[root@Go go]# ls -l lib/
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 59 Jan 24 17:33 time
[root@Go go]# ls -l lib/time/
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 378 Dec 15 07:36 README
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1367 Dec 15 07:36 update.bash
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 365101 Dec 15 07:36 zoneinfo.zip包含文档模板
4）misc目录
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 64 Dec 15 07:36 android
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 15 Dec 15 07:36 arm
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 110 Dec 15 07:36 benchcmp
drwxr-xr-x 20 root root 4096 Dec 15 07:36 cgo
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 24 Dec 15 07:36 chrome
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 159 Dec 15 07:36 editors
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 24 Dec 15 07:36 git
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 86 Dec 15 07:36 ios
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 26 Dec 15 07:36 linkcheck
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 150 Dec 15 07:36 nacl
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 23 Dec 15 07:36 sortac
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 35 Dec 15 07:36 swig
drwxr-xr-x 7 root root 79 Dec 15 07:48 tour
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 53 Dec 15 07:36 trace
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 71 Dec 15 07:36 wasm包含与支持Go编辑器有关的配置文件以及cgo的示例
5）src目录
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 407 Dec 15 07:36 all.bash
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 726 Dec 15 07:36 all.bat
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 385 Dec 15 07:36 all.rc
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 2622 Dec 15 07:36 androidtest.bash
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 28 Dec 15 07:36 archive
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 3738 Dec 15 07:36 bootstrap.bash
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 123 Dec 15 07:36 bufio
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1818 Dec 15 07:36 buildall.bash
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 24 Dec 15 07:36 builtin
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 234 Dec 15 07:36 bytes
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 521 Dec 15 07:36 clean.bash
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 565 Dec 15 07:36 clean.bat
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 380 Dec 15 07:36 clean.rc
drwxr-xr-x 24 root root 289 Dec 15 07:36 cmd
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1519 Dec 15 07:36 cmp.bash
drwxr-xr-x 8 root root 83 Dec 15 07:36 compress
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 42 Dec 15 07:36 container
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 131 Dec 15 07:36 context
drwxr-xr-x 20 root root 275 Dec 15 07:36 crypto
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 17 Dec 15 07:36 database
drwxr-xr-x 8 root root 82 Dec 15 07:36 debug
drwxr-xr-x 13 root root 161 Dec 15 07:36 encoding
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 68 Dec 15 07:36 errors
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 45 Dec 15 07:36 expvar
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 115 Dec 15 07:36 flag
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 176 Dec 15 07:36 fmt
drwxr-xr-x 14 root root 173 Dec 15 07:36 go
drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 201 Dec 15 07:36 hash
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 151 Dec 15 07:36 html
drwxr-xr-x 9 root root 4096 Dec 15 07:36 image
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 33 Dec 15 07:36 index
drwxr-xr-x 12 root root 194 Dec 15 07:36 internal
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 146 Dec 15 07:36 io
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 2116 Dec 15 07:36 iostest.bash
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 76 Dec 15 07:36 log
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 6339 Dec 15 07:36 make.bash
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3946 Dec 15 07:36 make.bat
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 553 Dec 15 07:36 Make.dist
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 3136 Dec 15 07:36 make.rc
drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 8192 Dec 15 07:36 math
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4096 Dec 15 07:36 mime
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1255 Dec 15 07:36 naclmake.bash
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1216 Dec 15 07:36 nacltest.bash
drwxr-xr-x 10 root root 8192 Dec 15 07:36 net
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4096 Dec 15 07:39 os
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 117 Dec 15 07:36 path
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 70 Dec 15 07:36 plugin
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 976 Dec 15 07:36 race.bash
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1037 Dec 15 07:36 race.bat
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Dec 15 07:36 reflect
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 232 Dec 15 07:36 regexp
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1681 Dec 15 07:36 run.bash
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1147 Dec 15 07:36 run.bat
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 418 Dec 15 07:36 run.rc
drwxr-xr-x 10 root root 16384 Dec 15 07:36 runtime
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 334 Dec 15 07:36 sort
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Dec 15 07:36 strconv
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 333 Dec 15 07:36 strings
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Dec 15 07:36 sync
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 12288 Dec 15 07:36 syscall
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 335 Dec 15 07:36 testing
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 54 Dec 15 07:36 text
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Dec 15 07:36 time
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 252 Dec 15 07:36 unicode
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 23 Dec 15 07:36 unsafe
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 24 Dec 15 07:36 vendor包含源代码构建脚本和标准库的包的完整源代码
6）src/cmd目录
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 46 Dec 15 07:36 addr2line
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 73 Dec 15 07:36 api
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 51 Dec 15 07:36 asm
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 38 Dec 15 07:36 buildid
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 130 Dec 15 07:36 cgo
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 87 Dec 15 07:36 compile
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 121 Dec 15 07:41 cover
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Dec 15 07:38 dist
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 85 Dec 15 07:36 doc
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Dec 15 07:36 fix
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 258 Dec 15 07:43 go
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 149 Dec 15 07:36 gofmt
drwxr-xr-x 15 root root 178 Dec 15 07:36 internal
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 115 Dec 15 07:36 link
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 73 Dec 15 07:36 nm
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 60 Dec 15 07:36 objdump
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 55 Dec 15 07:36 pack
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 71 Dec 15 07:36 pprof
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 21 Dec 15 07:36 test2json
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 184 Dec 15 07:36 trace
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 95 Dec 15 07:36 vendor
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4096 Dec 15 07:41 vet包含Go和C的编辑器和命令行脚本