C#数据结构之队列(Quene)实例详解

本文实例讲述了C#数据结构之队列(Quene)。分享给大家供大家参考,具体如下:

队列(Quene)的特征就是“先进先出”,队列把所有操作限制在"只能在线性结构的两端"进行,更具体一点:添加元素必须在线性表尾部进行,而删除元素只能在线性表头部进行

先抽象接口IQuene

namespace 栈与队列
{
  public interface IQuene
  {
    /// 
    /// 取得队列实际元素的个数
    /// 
    /// 
    public int Count();
    /// 
    /// 判断队列是否为空
    /// 
    /// 
    public bool IsEmpty();
    /// 
    /// 清空队列
    /// 
    public void Clear();
    /// 
    /// 入队(即向队列尾部添加一个元素)
    /// 
    /// 
    public void Enquene(T item);
    /// 
    /// 出队(即从队列头部删除一个元素)
    /// 
    /// 
    public T Dequene();
    /// 
    /// 取得队列头部第一元素
    /// 
    /// 
    public T Peek();
  }
}

下面是基于数组实现的示意图:

C#数据结构之队列(Quene)实例详解_第1张图片

实现思路:用一个数组存放所有元素,同时设置二个关键变量front与rear用于记录队列“头”与“尾”的元素下标,当有元素入列时rear加1,当有元素出队时front+1,而rear-front即为队列实际元素的总数.

但有一种“队列伪满”的特殊情况要注意,如下图:

C#数据结构之队列(Quene)实例详解_第2张图片

这张图上面的部分:假设经过入队、出队一番折腾后,rear已经指向数组的下标最大值,而front指向在中间(即front之间的元素已经出队不用考虑了,相当于front下标前面的内存区域空闲),如果这时再有一个元素入列,rear+1就超出数组下标的最大值了,但是从图上一眼就能看出,实际上front前面还空着一堆位置可以重复利用,队列并非真正的“满”--这种情况称为伪满,为了解决这个问题,我们可以把数组想象为首尾相接的循环结构,即图中下面部分,这时候可以让rear重新指向到0,以便重复利用空闲的位置。

所以:入列时rear++的操作,应该稍做修正,当rear到数组下标最大值时,让它置0,以便能循环利用 (见后面的代码)

另外还有一个问题:最开始时front与rear都为-1,即front==rear时表示队列为空,改成循环以后,有可能会出现rear在循环过程中碰到front的情况,即真正意义的上"满"状态,这时rear也同样等于front,这样就无法单纯的用rear==front来判断是满,还是空?这时可以浪费一个元素的位置,认为当rear+1==front时,队列就已经满了,虽然牺牲了一个元素的空间,但却换来了逻辑的正确性,还是值得的。

完整实现如下:

using System;
using System.Text;
namespace 栈与队列
{
  /// 
  /// 循环顺序队列
  /// 
  /// 
  public class CSeqQueue:IQueue
  {
    private int maxsize;
    private T[] data;
    private int front;
    private int rear;    
    public CSeqQueue(int size) 
    {
      data = new T[size];
      maxsize = size;
      front = rear = -1;
    }
    public int Count()     
    {
      if (rear > front)
      {
        return rear - front;
      }
      else
      {
        return (rear - front + maxsize) % maxsize;
      }
    }
    public void Clear() 
    {
      front = rear = -1;
    }
    public bool IsEmpty() 
    {
      return front == rear;      
    }
    public bool IsFull() 
    {      
      if (front != -1) //如果已经有元素出队过
      {
        return (rear + 1) % maxsize == front;//为了区分与IsEmpty的区别,有元素出队过以后,就只有浪费一个位置来保持逻辑正确性.
      }
      else
      {
        return rear == maxsize - 1;
      }      
    }
    public void Enqueue(T item) 
    {
      if (IsFull()) 
      {
        Console.WriteLine("Queue is full");
        return;
      }
      if (rear == maxsize - 1) //如果rear到头了,则循环重来(即解决伪满问题)
      {
        rear = 0;
      }
      else
      {
        rear++;
      }
      data[rear] = item;
    }
    public T Dequeue() 
    {      
      if (IsEmpty()) 
      {
        Console.WriteLine("Queue is empty");
        return default(T);
      }
      if (front == maxsize - 1) //如果front到头了,则重新置0
      {
        front = 0;
      }
      else
      {
        front++;
      }      
      return data[front];
    }
    public T Peek() 
    {
      if (IsEmpty()) 
      {
        Console.WriteLine("Queue is empty!");
        return default(T);
      }
      return data[(front + 1) % maxsize];      
    }
    public override string ToString()
    {
      if (IsEmpty()) { return "queue is empty."; }
      StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
      if (rear > front)
      {
        for (int i = front + 1; i <= rear; i++)
        {
          sb.Append(this.data[i].ToString() + ",");
        }
      }
      else
      {
        for (int i = front + 1; i < maxsize; i++)
        {
          sb.Append(this.data[i].ToString() + ",");
        }
        for (int i = 0; i <= rear; i++)
        {
          sb.Append(this.data[i].ToString() + ",");
        }
      }
      return "front = " + this.front + " \t rear = " + this.rear + "\t count = " + this.Count() + "\t data = " + sb.ToString().Trim(',');
    }
  }
}

测试代码片段:

CSeqQueue queue = new CSeqQueue(5);
queue.Enqueue(1);
queue.Enqueue(2);
queue.Enqueue(3);
queue.Enqueue(4);
Console.WriteLine(queue);//front = -1    rear = 3    count = 4    data = 1,2,3,4
queue.Dequeue();
Console.WriteLine(queue);//front = 0    rear = 3    count = 3    data = 2,3,4
queue.Dequeue();
Console.WriteLine(queue);//front = 1    rear = 3    count = 2    data = 3,4
queue.Enqueue(5);
Console.WriteLine(queue);//front = 1    rear = 4    count = 3    data = 3,4,5
queue.Enqueue(6);
Console.WriteLine(queue);//front = 1    rear = 0    count = 4    data = 3,4,5,6
queue.Enqueue(7);    //Queue is full
Console.WriteLine(queue);//front = 1    rear = 0    count = 4    data = 3,4,5,6
queue.Dequeue();
queue.Enqueue(7);
Console.WriteLine(queue);//front = 2    rear = 1    count = 4    data = 4,5,6,7
queue.Clear();
Console.WriteLine(queue);//queue is empty.
queue.Enqueue(1);
queue.Enqueue(2);
queue.Enqueue(3);
queue.Enqueue(4);
Console.WriteLine(queue);//front = -1    rear = 3    count = 4    data = 1,2,3,4
queue.Enqueue(5);
Console.WriteLine(queue);//front = -1    rear = 4    count = 5    data = 1,2,3,4,5
queue.Enqueue(6);    //Queue is full
Console.WriteLine(queue);//front = -1    rear = 4    count = 5    data = 1,2,3,4,5
queue.Dequeue();
queue.Dequeue();
queue.Dequeue();
queue.Dequeue();
Console.WriteLine(queue);//front = 3    rear = 4    count = 1    data = 5
queue.Dequeue();
Console.WriteLine(queue);//queue is empty.
queue.Enqueue(0);
queue.Enqueue(1);
queue.Enqueue(2);
queue.Enqueue(3);
queue.Enqueue(4);    //Queue is full
Console.WriteLine(queue);//front = 4    rear = 3    count = 4    data = 0,1,2,3
Console.WriteLine(queue.Peek());//0
queue.Dequeue();
Console.WriteLine(queue);//front = 0    rear = 3    count = 3    data = 1,2,3
queue.Dequeue();
Console.WriteLine(queue);//front = 1    rear = 3    count = 2    data = 2,3
queue.Dequeue();
Console.WriteLine(queue);//front = 2    rear = 3    count = 1    data = 3
queue.Dequeue();
Console.WriteLine(queue);//queue is empty.
queue.Enqueue(9);
Console.WriteLine(queue);//front = 3    rear = 4    count = 1    data = 9
Console.ReadLine();

当然,队列也可以用链表来实现,相对要容易很多。

先定义链表中的节点Node.cs

namespace 栈与队列
{
  public class Node
  {
    private T data;
    private Node next;
    public Node(T data, Node next) 
    {
      this.data = data;
      this.next = next;
    }
    public Node(Node next) 
    {
      this.next = next;
      this.data = default(T);
    }
    public Node(T data) 
    {
      this.data = data;
      this.next = null;
    }
    public Node() 
    {
      this.data = default(T);
      this.next = null;
    }
    public T Data {
      get { return this.data; }
      set { this.data = value; }
    }
    public Node Next 
    {
      get { return next; }
      set { next = value; }
    }
  }
}

为了方便,定义了很多构造函数的重载版本,当然这些只是浮云,重点是理解结构:data用来保存数据,next指出下一个节点是谁
链式队列的完整实现LinkQueue.cs

using System;
using System.Text;
namespace 栈与队列
{
  public class LinkQueue:IQueue
  {
    private Node front;//队列头
    private Node rear;//队列尾
    private int num;//队列元素个数
    /// 
    /// 构造器
    /// 
    public LinkQueue() 
    {
      //初始时front,rear置为null,num置0
      front = rear = null;
      num = 0;
    }
    public int Count() 
    {
      return this.num;
    }
    public void Clear() 
    {
      front = rear = null;
      num = 0;
    }
    public bool IsEmpty() 
    {
      return (front == rear && num == 0);
    }
    //入队
    public void Enqueue(T item) 
    {
      Node q = new Node(item);
      if (rear == null)//第一个元素入列时
      {
        front = rear = q;
      }
      else
      {
        //把新元素挂到链尾
        rear.Next = q;
        //修正rear指向为最后一个元素
        rear = q;
      }
      //元素总数+1
      num++;
    }
    //出队
    public T Dequeue() 
    {
      if (IsEmpty()) 
      {
        Console.WriteLine("Queue is empty!");
        return default(T);
      }
      //取链首元素
      Node p = front;
      //链头指向后移一位
      front = front.Next;
      //如果此时链表为空,则同步修正rear
      if (front == null) 
      {
        rear = null;
      }
      num--;//个数-1
      return p.Data;
    }
    public T Peek() 
    {
      if (IsEmpty()) 
      {
        Console.WriteLine("Queue is empty!");
        return default(T);
      }
      return front.Data;
    }
    public override string ToString()
    {
      if (IsEmpty()) {
        Console.WriteLine("Queue is empty!");
      }
      StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
      Node node = front;
      sb.Append(node.Data.ToString());
      while (node.Next!=null)
      {
        sb.Append("," + node.Next.Data.ToString());
        node = node.Next;
      }
      return sb.ToString().Trim(',');
    }
  }
}

希望本文所述对大家C#程序设计有所帮助。

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