接上篇 hibernate入门使用系列 3-- xml关系映射篇(中)
开我写的前3篇中,分别讲了one-to-one, one--to-many, many-to-one 。
这篇,主要讲的是 n:n 的关系。即:many-to-many。
我们以老师和学生为例,一个老师可以交很多学生,同样一个学生可以拥有多个老师,所以,他们之间的关系就是n:n的。
实体模型:
从实体模型来看。有2个对象,但是为了在数据库中表示出2者的n:n的关系,我们还得引入一张表。所以,sql脚本如下:
use HibernateQuickUse; drop table if exists teacher_student_relation; drop table if exists Teacher; drop table if exists Student; create table Teacher ( tid varchar(32) primary key, name varchar(32) not null ); create table Student ( sid varchar(32) primary key, name varchar(128) not null ); create table teacher_student_relation ( id integer auto_increment primary key, teacher_id varchar(32) not null, student_id varchar(32) not null, foreign key(teacher_id) references Teacher(tid), foreign key(student_id) references Student(sid) );
通过模型,创建java类如下:
Student.java
package org.py.hib.relation.many2many; import java.util.HashSet; import java.util.Set; /** * Student entity. */ @SuppressWarnings("serial") public class Student implements java.io.Serializable { private String id; private String name; private Setteachers = new HashSet (0); public Student() { } public String getId() { return this.id; } public void setId(String id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return this.name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public Set getTeachers() { return teachers; } public void setTeachers(Set teachers) { this.teachers = teachers; } }
Teacher.java:
package org.py.hib.relation.many2many; import java.util.HashSet; import java.util.Set; /** * Teacher entity. */ @SuppressWarnings("serial") public class Teacher implements java.io.Serializable { private String id; private String name; private Setstudents = new HashSet (0); public Teacher() { } public String getId() { return this.id; } public void setId(String id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return this.name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public Set getStudents() { return students; } public void setStudents(Set students) { this.students = students; } }
xml映射文件如下
Student.hbm.xml
注意:
set中的 table 指向的是数据库中的关联表。
cascade 用的是save-update , 且inverse用的是false,这样的话,当进行修改和保存和删除时,关联表中的记录也会删掉.
如果cascade 用的是 all 那么连同student表中的记录也会被删除掉。
key中的column指的是: 关联表中与Student发生关系的字段。
而many-to-many中的column指的是:关联表中,与class(这里是:org.py.hib.relation.many2many.Teacher)发生关系的字段。
关于inverse,请参考上篇:hibernate入门使用系列 3-- xml关系映射篇(中)
Teacher.hbm.xml
注意:
这里的inverse也采用了false,这样子的话,Teacher和Student都维护关系表中的关系。
测试类,Many2ManyTest.java
package org.py.hib.relation.many2many; import java.util.Iterator; import java.util.List; import java.util.Set; import junit.framework.Assert; import junit.framework.TestCase; import org.hibernate.Session; import org.hibernate.SessionFactory; import org.hibernate.Transaction; import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration; import org.junit.After; import org.junit.Before; public class Many2ManyTest extends TestCase { private SessionFactory factory; @Before public void setUp() throws Exception { Configuration conf = new Configuration().configure(); factory = conf.buildSessionFactory(); } /** * 测试添加 * @throws Exception */ public void testSave() throws Exception { System.out.println("\n=== test save ==="); Teacher teacher1 = new Teacher(); teacher1.setName("teacher_1"); Teacher teacher2 = new Teacher(); teacher2.setName("teacher_2"); Student stu1 = new Student(); stu1.setName("student_1"); Student stu2 = new Student(); stu2.setName("student_2"); stu1.getTeachers().add(teacher1); stu1.getTeachers().add(teacher2); stu2.getTeachers().add(teacher2); teacher1.getStudents().add(stu2); Session session = null; Transaction tran = null; try { session = factory.openSession(); tran = session.beginTransaction(); session.save(stu1); session.save(stu2); tran.commit(); Assert.assertNotNull(teacher1.getId()); Assert.assertNotNull(teacher2.getId()); Assert.assertNotNull(stu1.getId()); Assert.assertNotNull(stu2.getId()); } catch (Exception ex) { tran.rollback(); throw ex; } finally { if (session != null) { try { session.close(); } catch (Exception ex) { // nothing to do } finally { if (session != null) session = null; } } } } /** * 测试从Teacher查询 * @throws Exception */ @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") public void testFindFromTeacher() throws Exception { System.out.println("\n=== test find from Teacher ==="); Session session = null; try { session = factory.openSession(); Iteratoriter = session.createQuery("from Teacher").iterate(); while (iter.hasNext()) { Teacher teacher = iter.next(); Assert.assertNotNull(teacher.getId()); String teacherName = teacher.getName(); if ("teacher_1".equals(teacherName)) { Set stus = teacher.getStudents(); Assert.assertEquals(stus.size(), 2); for (Student stu : stus) { String stuName = stu.getName(); Assert.assertNotNull(stu.getId()); Assert.assertTrue(stuName.equals("student_1") || stuName.equals("student_2")); } } else if ("teacher_2".equals(teacherName)) { Set stus = teacher.getStudents(); Assert.assertEquals(stus.size(), 2); for (Student stu : stus) { String stuName = stu.getName(); Assert.assertNotNull(stu.getId()); Assert.assertTrue(stuName.equals("student_1") || stuName.equals("student_2")); } } else { throw new Exception("teacher name error exception."); } } } catch (Exception ex) { throw ex; } finally { if (session != null) { try { session.close(); } catch (Exception ex) { // nothing to do } finally { if (session != null) session = null; } } } } /** * 测试从Student查询 * @throws Exception */ @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") public void testFindFromStudent() throws Exception { System.out.println("\n=== test find from Student ==="); Session session = null; try { session = factory.openSession(); Iterator iter = session.createQuery("from Student").iterate(); while (iter.hasNext()) { Student stu = iter.next(); Assert.assertNotNull(stu.getId()); String stuName = stu.getName(); if ("student_1".equals(stuName)) { Set teachers = stu.getTeachers(); Assert.assertEquals(teachers.size(), 2); for (Teacher teacher : teachers) { String tName = teacher.getName(); Assert.assertNotNull(teacher.getId()); Assert.assertTrue(tName.equals("teacher_1") || tName.equals("teacher_2")); } } else if ("student_2".equals(stuName)) { Set teachers = stu.getTeachers(); Assert.assertEquals(teachers.size(), 2); for (Teacher teacher : teachers) { String tName = teacher.getName(); Assert.assertNotNull(teacher.getId()); Assert.assertTrue(tName.equals("teacher_1") || tName.equals("teacher_2")); } } else { throw new Exception("student name error exception."); } } } catch (Exception ex) { throw ex; } finally { if (session != null) { try { session.close(); } catch (Exception ex) { // nothing to do } finally { if (session != null) session = null; } } } } /** * 测试修改 * @throws Exception */ public void testModify() throws Exception { System.out.println("\n=== test modify ==="); Session session = null; Transaction tran = null; try { session = factory.openSession(); tran = session.beginTransaction(); Teacher t1 = (Teacher) session.createQuery("from Teacher t where t.name='teacher_1'").list().get(0); t1.setName("new_teacher_1"); // 修改用户名 = m_name2.(原来用户名= m_name) Set stus = t1.getStudents(); for (Student stu : stus) { if (stu.getName().equals("student_1")) { stus.remove(stu); break; } } tran.commit(); } catch (Exception ex) { throw ex; } finally { if (session != null) { try { session.close(); } catch (Exception ex) { // nothing to do } finally { if (session != null) session = null; } } } /* * 修改后再查询 */ System.out.println("\n=== test find from Teacher after modify==="); try { session = factory.openSession(); Iterator iter = session.createQuery("from Teacher").iterate(); while (iter.hasNext()) { Teacher teacher = iter.next(); Assert.assertNotNull(teacher.getId()); String teacherName = teacher.getName(); if ("new_teacher_1".equals(teacherName)) { Set stus = teacher.getStudents(); Assert.assertEquals(stus.size(), 1); for (Student stu : stus) { String stuName = stu.getName(); Assert.assertNotNull(stu.getId()); Assert.assertTrue(stuName.equals("student_2")); } } else if ("teacher_2".equals(teacherName)) { Set stus = teacher.getStudents(); Assert.assertEquals(stus.size(), 2); for (Student stu : stus) { String stuName = stu.getName(); Assert.assertNotNull(stu.getId()); Assert.assertTrue(stuName.equals("student_1") || stuName.equals("student_2")); } } else { throw new Exception("teacher name error exception."); } } } catch (Exception ex) { throw ex; } finally { if (session != null) { try { session.close(); } catch (Exception ex) { // nothing to do } finally { if (session != null) session = null; } } } } /** * 测试删除 * @throws Exception */ public void testDelete() throws Exception { System.out.println("\n=== test delete ==="); Session session = null; Transaction tran = null; try { session = factory.openSession(); tran = session.beginTransaction(); Iterator iter = session.createQuery("from Teacher").iterate(); while (iter.hasNext()) session.delete(iter.next()); tran.commit(); Integer count = (Integer) session.createQuery("select count(*) from Teacher").list().get(0); Assert.assertEquals(0, count.intValue()); } catch (Exception ex) { throw ex; } finally { if (session != null) { try { session.close(); } catch (Exception ex) { // nothing to do } finally { if (session != null) session = null; } } } /* * 删除后再查询 */ System.out.println("\n=== test find after delete ==="); try { session = factory.openSession(); Integer num = (Integer) session.createQuery("from Teacher").list().size(); Assert.assertEquals(0, num.intValue()); num = (Integer) session.createQuery("from Student").list().size(); Assert.assertEquals(0, num.intValue()); } catch (Exception ex) { throw ex; } finally { if (session != null) { try { session.close(); } catch (Exception ex) { // nothing to do } finally { if (session != null) session = null; } } } } /** * */ @After public void tearDown() throws Exception { factory.close(); } }
从这个例子中可以看出,many-to-many中,需要引入第3张表来表示关系。
附件中有源代码。