一、函数
1、函数定义示例
[root@saltstack python]# cat func1.py
#!/usr/bin/env python
def hello():
name=raw_input('Enter your name: ')
print "Hello %s, welcome to china!" % name
if name == 'hh':
print '%s is chinese!' % name
hello()
[root@saltstack python]# python func1.py
Enter your name: qq
Hello qq, welcome to china!
[root@saltstack python]# python func1.py
Enter your name: hh
Hello hh, welcome to china!
hh is chinese!
2、函数传递参数
[root@saltstack python]# cat func2.py
#!/usr/bin/env python
a=raw_input('Enter a number: ')
b=raw_input('Enter a number: ')
def printMax(a,b):
if a > b:
print a,'is max num!'
else:
print b,'is max num!'
printMax(a,b)
x=5
y=7
printMax(x,y)
[root@saltstack python]# python func2.py
Enter a number: 33
Enter a number: 44
44 is max num!
7 is max num!
二、Python基础模块
1、sys和os模块
# 创建目录
>>> os.mkdir('/tmp/1111')
# 删除
>>> os.rmdir('/tmp/1111')
# 调用系统命令
>>> os.system('ifconfig eth0')
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:BD:50:EC
inet addr:10.0.0.10 Bcast:10.0.0.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:febd:50ec/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:377505 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:311216 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:111653102 (106.4 MiB) TX bytes:226744867 (216.2 MiB)
0
>>> os.system(''' ifconfig eth0 | awk -F'[ :]+' '/inet addr/{print $4}' ''')
10.0.0.10
0
>>> ip=os.popen(''' ifconfig eth0 | awk -F'[ :]+' '/inet addr/{print $4}' ''').read()
>>> print ip
10.0.0.10
>>> os.system('ls /root')
123.conf 22.sh count.sh for.sh install.log mmmm.txt shell users.sh
1.txt anaconda-ks.cfg disk.tmp hm install.log.syslog nest.sh syscheck.txt
20.0.0.20 backup env.sh hm_suse_system_check.sh ip.sh on.sh sys.sh
2222.sh check_load.sh file.txt hunan_10.0.0.31.txt load.sh python t.sh
0
2、调用模块的子模块
#!/usr/bin/env python
from os import mkdir,system
print '----------------'
mkdir('/tmp/123') #直接引用
system('ls /tmp/') #直接引用
print '----------------'
print 'finish.'
[root@saltstack python]# python modules.py
----------------
123 file.txt logs2 yum_save_tx-2016-07-15-00-42YkDlbJ.yumtx
1.txt hsperfdata_root mem_top.log yum_save_tx-2016-07-20-01-13cvenZA.yumtx
cpu_top.tmp logs mem_top.tmp
----------------
finish.
3、tab补齐模块
>>> import readline
>>> import rlcompleter
>>> readline.parse_and_bind('tab: complete')
>>> import tab
# tab补齐引用脚本，将下面写好的脚本放到python目录/usr/lib64/python2.6/下
[root@saltstack python]# cat tab.py
#!/usr/bin/env python
# python startup file
import sys
import readline
import rlcompleter
import atexit
import os
# tab completion
readline.parse_and_bind('tab: complete')
# history file
histfile = os.path.join(os.environ['HOME'], '.pythonhistory')
try:
readline.read_history_file(histfile)
except IOError:
pass
atexit.register(readline.write_history_file, histfile)
del os, histfile, readline, rlcompleter
# 导入tab模块
>>> import os
>>> import sys
>>> sys.path
['', '/usr/lib64/python26.zip', '/usr/lib64/python2.6', '/usr/lib64/python2.6/plat-linux2', '/usr/lib64/python2.6/lib-tk', '/usr/lib64/python2.6/lib-old', '/usr/lib64/python2.6/lib-dynload', '/usr/lib64/python2.6/site-packages', '/usr/lib64/python2.6/site-packages/gtk-2.0', '/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages', '/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/setuptools-0.6c11-py2.6.egg-info']
>>> import tab
>>> os._
os._Environ os.__getattribute__( os.__repr__( os._exit(
os.__all__ os.__hash__( os.__setattr__( os._get_exports_list(
os.__class__( os.__init__( os.__sizeof__( os._make_stat_result(
os.__delattr__( os.__name__ os.__str__( os._make_statvfs_result(
os.__dict__ os.__new__( os.__subclasshook__( os._pickle_stat_result(
os.__doc__ os.__package__ os._copy_reg os._pickle_statvfs_result(
os.__file__ os.__reduce__( os._execvpe( os._spawnvef(
os.__format__( os.__reduce_ex__( os._exists(
三、自定义模块
1、定义一个模块
[root@saltstack python]# cat mymodule1.py
#!/usr/bin/env python
def hello():
name = raw_input('Enter your name: ')
print "Hi %s, This is a python module." % name
hello()
2、引用自定义的模块
[root@saltstack python]# cat demo1.py #!/usr/bin/env python import mymodule1 # 自定义模块的名称，也就是模块脚本的名称 print "The module name is version 1.1" [root@saltstack python]# python demo1.py Enter your name: hh Hi hh, This is a python module. The module name is version 1.1