一、列表
1、定义
>>> shoplist=['apple','mango','carrot','banana'] >>> print shoplist ['apple', 'mango', 'carrot', 'banana'] # 取出指定元素 >>> print shoplist[0] apple >>> print shoplist[3] banana >>> print shoplist[2:] ['carrot', 'banana']
2、列表函数
>>> shoplist.
shoplist.__add__( shoplist.__getslice__( shoplist.__new__( shoplist.append(
shoplist.__class__( shoplist.__gt__( shoplist.__reduce__( shoplist.count(
shoplist.__contains__( shoplist.__hash__ shoplist.__reduce_ex__( shoplist.extend(
shoplist.__delattr__( shoplist.__iadd__( shoplist.__repr__( shoplist.index(
shoplist.__delitem__( shoplist.__imul__( shoplist.__reversed__( shoplist.insert(
shoplist.__delslice__( shoplist.__init__( shoplist.__rmul__( shoplist.pop(
shoplist.__doc__ shoplist.__iter__( shoplist.__setattr__( shoplist.remove(
shoplist.__eq__( shoplist.__le__( shoplist.__setitem__( shoplist.reverse(
shoplist.__format__( shoplist.__len__( shoplist.__setslice__( shoplist.sort(
shoplist.__ge__( shoplist.__lt__( shoplist.__sizeof__(
shoplist.__getattribute__( shoplist.__mul__( shoplist.__str__(
shoplist.__getitem__( shoplist.__ne__( shoplist.__subclasshook__(
# 增加元素append
>>> shoplist.append('tea')
>>> shoplist
['apple', 'mango', 'carrot', 'banana', 'tea']
# append增加元素时不会拆分列表
>>> shoplist.append([111,222])
>>> shoplist
['apple', 'mango', 'carrot', 'banana', 'tea', 'aa', 'bb', 'cc', [111, 222]]
# 增加一个列表extend，extend会自动拆分列表
>>> shoplist.extend(['aa','bb','cc'])
>>> shoplist
['apple', 'mango', 'carrot', 'banana', 'tea', 'aa', 'bb', 'cc']
# 取出列表里列表的元素
>>> shoplist[-1]
[111, 222]
>>> shoplist[-1][1]
222
>>> shoplist[8][1]
222
# 删除指定元素
>>> shoplist.remove('cc')
>>> shoplist
['apple', 'mango', 'carrot', 'banana', 'tea', 'aa', 'bb', [111, 222]]
# 删除多个元素del,指定索引删除
>>> del shoplist[5:6]
>>> shoplist
['apple', 'mango', 'carrot', 'banana', 'tea', 'bb', [111, 222]]
>>> del shoplist[5:7]
>>> shoplist
['apple', 'mango', 'carrot', 'banana', 'tea']
>>> del shoplist[-1]
>>> shoplist
['apple', 'mango', 'carrot', 'banana']
# for打印列表
>>> for i in shoplist:
... print i
...
apple
mango
carrot
banana
3、打印列表脚本示例
[root@saltstack python]# cat shop1.py
#!/usr/bin/env python
shoplist = ['apple', 'mango', 'carrot', 'banana']
print 'I have', len(shoplist), 'items to purchase.'
print 'These items are: ' # Notice the comma at end of the line
for item in shoplist:
print '%s' % item
print '-------------------------------------------------------'
print 'I also have to buy rice.'
shoplist.append('rice')
print 'My shopping list is Now: %s' % shoplist
print '-------------------------------------------------------'
print 'And I will Delete by is %s.' % shoplist[0]
del shoplist[0]
print 'Good! My shopping list is Now: %s' % shoplist
print '-------------------------------------------------------'
# 执行结果
[root@saltstack python]# python shop1.py
I have 4 items to purchase.
These items are:
apple
mango
carrot
banana
-------------------------------------------------------
I also have to buy rice.
My shopping list is Now: ['apple', 'mango', 'carrot', 'banana', 'rice']
-------------------------------------------------------
And I will Delete by is apple.
Good! My shopping list is Now: ['mango', 'carrot', 'banana', 'rice']
-------------------------------------------------------
二、元组
[root@saltstack python]# cat tuple.py
#!/usr/bin/python
zoo = ('wolf','elephant','penguin')
print 'Number of animals in the zoo is', len(zoo)
new_zoo = ('monkey','dolphin',zoo)
print 'All animals in new zoo are', new_zoo
print 'Animals brought fron old zoo are', new_zoo[2]
print 'Last animal brought from old zoo is %s' % new_zoo[2][-1]
[root@saltstack python]# python tuple.py
Number of animals in the zoo is 3
All animals in new zoo are ('monkey', 'dolphin', ('wolf', 'elephant', 'penguin'))
Animals brought fron old zoo are ('wolf', 'elephant', 'penguin')
Last animal brought from old zoo is penguin
四、字典
| 语法：d={key1: value, key2: value, ...} |
>>> info={'name':'hh', 'mail':'11.qq.com', 'age':24}
>>> info
{'mail': '11.qq.com', 'age': 24, 'name': 'hh'}
>>> info.items()
[('mail', '11.qq.com'), ('age', 24), ('name', 'hh')]
>>> for i in info.items():
... print i
...
('mail', '11.qq.com')
('age', 24)
('name', 'hh')
# 读取key值
>>> info['name']
'hh'
>>> info['mail']
'11.qq.com'
# 增加字典元素
>>> info['phone']=1231212
>>> info.items()
[('mail', '11.qq.com'), ('age', 24), ('name', 'hh'), ('phone', 1231212)]
# for遍历字典元素
>>> for k,v in info.items():
... print k,v
...
mail 11.qq.com
age 24
name hh
phone 1231212
字典案例：
#!/usr/bin/env python
import sys
dict={
'hh': '111111',
'mm': '222222',
'yy': '333333',
'bb': '444444'
}
while True:
user=raw_input('Please enter Login in System username: ')
pwd= raw_input('Please enter Login password: ')
print
if user == 'hh' and pwd == '123':
print 'Welcome %s to use the find system! ' % user
while True:
name = raw_input('Please input your find name: ')
if name in dict:
num=dict[name]
print 'The name %s in the find system. and number is %s.' % (name,num)
else:
if name == 'exit' or name == 'quit':
print 'exit!'
sys.exit()
print 'No find the user!'
# 执行过程：
[root@saltstack python]# python dict.py
Please enter Login in System username: hh
Please enter Login password: 123
Welcome hh to use the find system!
Please input your find name: yy
The name yy in the find system. and number is 333333.
Please input your find name: quit
exit!
# 错误输入处理：
[root@saltstack python]# python dict.py
Please enter Login in System username: qq
Please enter Login password: ss
Please enter Login in System username: hh
Please enter Login password: 123
Welcome hh to use the find system!
Please input your find name: rr
No find the user!
Please input your find name: bb
The name bb in the find system. and number is 444444.
Please input your find name: exit
exit!