python爬虫之url中的中文问题

在python的爬虫学习中,我们的url经常出现中文的问题,
我们想要访问的url就需要对url进行拼接,变成浏览器可以识别的url
在python中已经有了这样的模块了,这就是urlencode
urlencode需要对中文和关键字组成一对字典,然后解析成我们的url

在python2中是
urllib.urlencode(keyword)
在Python中是
urllib.parse.urlencode(keyword)

查看一下代码:
python2

import urllib
import  urllib2

#例如我们需要在百度上输入个关键字哈士奇进行查询,但是哈士奇是中文的,我们需要对哈士奇进行编码
keyword = {"wd":"哈士奇"}

head_url = "http://www.baidu.com/s"

headers = {
    "User-Agent":"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/63.0.3239.132 Safari/537.36"
}

wd = urllib.urlencode(keyword)
url = head_url +"?"+ wd

req = urllib2.Request(url,headers=headers)

response = urllib2.urlopen(req)
html = response.read()
print(url)
print(html.count('哈士奇'))

结果如下:

在python3中:

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# File  : url中出现的中文问题.py
# Author: HuXianyong
# Date  : 2018-09-13 17:39
from urllib import request
import urllib

#例如我们需要在百度上输入个关键字哈士奇进行查询,但是哈士奇是中文的,我们需要对哈士奇进行编码
keyword = {"wd":"哈士奇"}

head_url = "http://www.baidu.com/s"

headers = {
    "User-Agent":"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/63.0.3239.132 Safari/537.36"
}

wd = urllib.parse.urlencode(keyword)
url = head_url +"?"+ wd

req = request.Request(url,headers=headers)

response = request.urlopen(req)
html = response.read()

print(html.decode().count("哈士奇"))

print(url)

结果如下:

如果需要吧转换的字符变成中文
可以用unquota

如下:
python2

In [25]: dic = {"say":"你好!"}

In [26]: urllib.urlencode(dic)
Out[26]: 'say=%E4%BD%A0%E5%A5%BD%21'

In [27]: aa  = urllib.urlencode(dic)

In [28]: aa
Out[28]: 'say=%E4%BD%A0%E5%A5%BD%21'

In [29]: bb = urllib.unquote(aa)

In [30]: bb
Out[30]: 'say=\xe4\xbd\xa0\xe5\xa5\xbd!'

In [31]: print(bb)
say=你好!

python3

In [16]: dic = {"say":"你好!"}

In [17]: aa = urllib.parse.urlencode(dic)

In [18]: aa
Out[18]: 'say=%E4%BD%A0%E5%A5%BD%21'

In [19]: bb = urllib.parse.unquote(aa)

In [20]: bb
Out[20]: 'say=你好!'

但是如果我们的是post请求数据需要加在data里面这样就还需要对data做处理,不然会报字符串的错:

TypeError: POST data should be bytes or an iterable of bytes. It cannot be of type str.

这样的解决方法是需要加上个编码
data = urllib.parse.urlencode(formData).encode(encoding="UTF8")

代码如下:

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# File  : Ajax爬取豆瓣电影列表.py
# Author: HuXianyong
# Date  : 2018-09-14 14:35

import urllib
from urllib import request

url = "https://movie.douban.com/j/new_search_subjects?"

headers = {
    "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/63.0.3239.132 Safari/537.36"
}

formData = {
    "sort": "S",
    "range": "0,10",
    "tags": "电影,魔幻",
    "start": "0",
    "genres": "剧情"
}

data = urllib.parse.urlencode(formData).encode(encoding="UTF8")

req = request.Request(url=url,data=data,headers=headers)

response = request.urlopen(req)
move_info = response.read().decode()
print(response.read().decode())