Django学习笔记4 用户注册和身份验证、登录、注销、注册

1. 用户注册和身份验证

1.创建另一个应用程序users
在项目中新建users
python manage.py startapp users
添加应用到settings.py中的INSTALLED_APPS列表中

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    --snip--
    # my apps
    'learning_logs',
    'users',
]

2.添加url
修项目根目录的url.py，添加users的url
path('users/', include('users.urls', namespace='users')),

2. 登录
1.在应用users目录下新建urls.py

"""define url mode for app users"""
from django.urls import path
from django.contrib.auth.views import login

from . import views

urlpatterns = [
    # login page
    path('login/', login, {'template_name': 'users/login.html'},
         name='login'),
]
app_name = 'users'

注意添加app_name = 'users'

2.创建模板login.html
新建learning_log/users/templates/users/login.html

{% extends "learning_logs/base.html" %}
{% block content %}
    {% if form.errors %}
        <p>Your username and password didn't match. Please try again.p>
    {% endif %}

    <form action="{% url 'users:login' %}" method="post">
        {% csrf_token %}
        {{ form.as_p }}
        <button name="submit">log inbutton>
        <input type="hidden" name="next"
               value="{% url 'learning_logs:index' %}">
    form>
{% endblock content %}

3.在base.html添加条件

<p>
    <a href="{% url 'learning_logs:index' %}">Learning Loga> -
    <a href="{% url 'learning_logs:topics' %}">Topicsa> -
    {% if user.is_authenticated %}
        Hello, {{ user.username }}.
    {% else %}
        <a href="{% url 'users:login' %}">log ina>
    {% endif %}
p>

3. 注销

1.注销登录
在users/urls.py中添加

    # logout
    path('logout/', views.logout_view, name='logout'),

2.编写视图函数logout_view()

from django.shortcuts import render
from django.http import HttpResponseRedirect
from django.urls import reverse
from django.contrib.auth import logout

# Create your views here.

def logout_view(request):
    """logout"""
    logout(request)
    return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse('learning_logs:index'))

3.添加注销链接在base.thml

<p>
    <a href="{% url 'learning_logs:index' %}">Learning Loga> -
    <a href="{% url 'learning_logs:topics' %}">Topicsa> -
    {% if user.is_authenticated %}
        Hello, {{ user.username }}.
        <a href="{% url 'users:logout' %}">log outa>
    {% else %}
        <a href="{% url 'users:login' %}">log ina>
    {% endif %}
p>

4. 注册
1.添加url规则到users/urls.py

    # sign up page
    path('register/', views.register, name='register'),

2.视图函数register()

from django.shortcuts import render
from django.http import HttpResponseRedirect
from django.urls import reverse
from django.contrib.auth import login, logout, authenticate
from django.contrib.auth.forms import UserCreationForm


# Create your views here.

def logout_view(request):
    """logout"""
    logout(request)
    return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse('learning_logs:index'))


def register(request):
    """sign up a new user"""
    if request.method != 'POST':
        # show an empty form
        form = UserCreationForm()
    else:
        # process the completed form
        form = UserCreationForm(data=request.POST)

        if form.is_valid():
            new_user = form.save()
            # let the user sign in; redirect to index
            authenticated_user = authenticate(username=new_user.username,
                                              password=request.POST[
                                                  'password1'])
            login(request, authenticated_user)
            return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse('learning_logs:index'))

    context = {'form': form}
    return render(request, 'users/register.html', context)

3.编写注册页面模板register.html

{% extends "learning_logs/base.html" %}
{% block content %}
<form action="{% url 'users:register' %}" method="post">
    {% csrf_token %}
    {{ form.as_p }}
    <button name="submit">registerbutton>
    <input type="hidden" name="next" value="{% url 'learning_logs:index' %}">
form>

{% endblock content %}

4.在base.html添加链接到注册页面

<p>
    <a href="{% url 'learning_logs:index' %}">Learning Loga> -
    <a href="{% url 'learning_logs:topics' %}">Topicsa> -
    {% if user.is_authenticated %}
        Hello, {{ user.username }}.
        <a href="{% url 'users:logout' %}">log outa>
    {% else %}
        <a href="{% url 'users:register' %}">registera> -
        <a href="{% url 'users:login' %}">log ina>
    {% endif %}
p>