fdisk分区相关操作（linux）
fdisk创建分区操作
[root@iZuf690mzf9cmk40rbz0ehZ ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/vda1 79G 2.0G 73G 3% /
tmpfs 499M 0 499M 0% /dev/shm
[root@iZuf690mzf9cmk40rbz0ehZ ~]# fdisk -l #查看分区详情
#以下信息表示，这个硬盘的大小是85.9GB，有255个磁面，63个扇区，10443 磁柱(cylinders)，每个 cylinder（磁柱）的容量是 8225280 bytes=8225.280 K
Disk /dev/vda: 85.9 GB, 85899345920 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 10443 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00078f9c
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/vda1 * 1 10444 83884032 83 Linux
Disk /dev/vdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 41610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
[root@iZuf690mzf9cmk40rbz0ehZ ~]# fdisk /dev/vdb #对空闲磁盘进行分区
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x1aa565d2.
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.
Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
sectors (command 'u').
Command (m for help): n #建立一个新分区
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4) ---指定分区类型 e为扩展分区 p为主分区
p
Partition number (1-4): 1 #分区号选择，定义分区数量 ，主分区最多只能有四个
First cylinder (1-41610, default 1): #设定起始分区的位置，硬盘空间可以用cylinder（磁柱）数来表示
Using default value 1
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-41610, default 41610): #设定结束分区的位置
Using default value 41610
Command (m for help): w #保存分区表
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[root@iZuf690mzf9cmk40rbz0ehZ ~]# df -Th
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/vda1 ext4 79G 2.0G 73G 3% /
tmpfs tmpfs 499M 0 499M 0% /dev/shm
[root@iZuf690mzf9cmk40rbz0ehZ ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/vda: 85.9 GB, 85899345920 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 10443 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00078f9c
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/vda1 * 1 10444 83884032 83 Linux
Disk /dev/vdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 41610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x1aa565d2
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/vdb1 1 41610 20971408+ 83 Linux
[root@iZuf690mzf9cmk40rbz0ehZ ~]# mount /dev/vdb1
mount: can't find /dev/vdb1 in /etc/fstab or /etc/mtab
[root@iZuf690mzf9cmk40rbz0ehZ ~]# mount /dev/vdb1^C
[root@iZuf690mzf9cmk40rbz0ehZ ~]# ^C
[root@iZuf690mzf9cmk40rbz0ehZ ~]# mksf.ext4 /dev/vdb1
-bash: mksf.ext4: command not found
[root@iZuf690mzf9cmk40rbz0ehZ ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/vdb1
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
1310720 inodes, 5242852 blocks
262142 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296
160 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
4096000
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 37 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
[root@iZuf690mzf9cmk40rbz0ehZ ~]# mkdir /test
[root@iZuf690mzf9cmk40rbz0ehZ ~]# mount /dev/sdb1 /test/
mount: you must specify the filesystem type
[root@iZuf690mzf9cmk40rbz0ehZ ~]# mount /dev/vdb1 /test/
[root@iZuf690mzf9cmk40rbz0ehZ ~]# df -Th
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/vda1 ext4 79G 2.0G 73G 3% /
tmpfs tmpfs 499M 0 499M 0% /dev/shm
/dev/vdb1 ext4 20G 172M 19G 1% /test
fdisk使用解释
[root@iZuf690mzf9cmk40rbz0ehZ ~]# fdisk /dev/vdb
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
sectors (command 'u').
Command (m for help): m #输入m显示帮助
Command action
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition
l list known partition types
m print this menu
n add a new partition
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table
q quit without saving changes
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition's system id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit
x extra functionality (experts only)
Command (m for help):
删除fdisk分区
[root@iZuf690mzf9cmk40rbz0ehZ ~]# fdisk /dev/vdb
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
sectors (command 'u').
Command (m for help): d #删除一个分区
Selected partition 1 #显示删除分区的分区号
Command (m for help): p #显示磁盘还有几个剩余分区（删除后）
Disk /dev/vdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 41610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x1aa565d2
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
Command (m for help): w #保存操作
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.
[root@iZuf690mzf9cmk40rbz0ehZ ~]# fdisk -l /dev/vdb #查看已删除分区信息
Disk /dev/vdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 41610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x1aa565d2
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System