Oracle 密码验证方式

验证方式:操作系统验证方式
              口令文件验证方式(防止系统管理员误操作你的数据库)


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1:操作系统验证方式
================

[oracle@localhost ~]$ sqlplus 
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Sun Dec 30 16:58:46 2001
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Enter user-name: / as sysdba                                
                                                                                 
Connected to:                                                                  
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

SQL> show user
USER is "SYS"

特点:不需要加密码,直接可以以sysdba的身份登录,只要能进入你的操作系统,就能以dba身份登录到你的oracle

用途:当你即是系统管理员,又是oracle DBA时,可以采用这种方法

         如果你是DBA,但不是系统管理员时,不能用这种验证方法,因为其他人只要能进入你的系统就能登录你的ORACLE;

SQL> conn system/oracle     -------dba有sys和system,不写as sysdba默认是以一般用户身份登录
Connected.

SQL> shutdown              
ORA-01031: insufficient privileges   ------没有关闭数据库的权限

SQL> conn system/oracle as sysdba    ---------以DBA的身份登录
Connected.

SQL> shutdown immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.

SQL> conn scott/tiger    -----普通用户没有关闭数据库的权限
Connected.

SQL> shutdown immediate
ORA-01031: insufficient privileges

SQL> conn system/oracle as sysdba
Connected.

SQL> grant sysdba to scott;              ---------给scott授予dba的权限
Grant succeeded.

SQL> conn scott/tiger
Connected.

SQL> shutdown immediate
ORA-01031: insufficient privileges

SQL> conn scott/tiger as sysdba        ----------scott以dba的身份登录后可以关闭数据库
Connected.

SQL> shutdown immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.

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2:口令文件验证方式
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口令文件 
        使用orapwd工具生成口令文件
        在参数文件中改:
        set remote_login_passwordfile=exclusive
        
        windows    ORACLE_HOME/Database/pwdoracl.ora(pwd+sid.ora)
        linux      ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapworacl(orapw+sid)
       
1:
SQL> show parameter remote
NAME     TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
remote_dependencies_mode     string TIMESTAMP
remote_listener     string
remote_login_passwordfile     string EXCLUSIVE
remote_os_authent     boolean FALSE
remote_os_roles     boolean FALSE
result_cache_remote_expiration     integer 0

2:
如果remote_login_passwordfile的值不是EXCLUSIVE,那么需要手动改为EXCLUSIVE;

[oracle@ooo ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME

[oracle@ooo 11.2.0]$ cd dbs/

[oracle@ooo dbs]$ ls
aaspfileorcl.ora  init.ora      lkORCL     orapworcl000
hc_orcl.dat       initorcl.ora  orapworcl  spfileorcl.ora

[oracle@ooo dbs]$ vim initorcl.ora      -------将excluesive写入到启动库第一步读到的参数文件中
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'

3:
[oracle@chen dbs]$ orapwd file=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbs/orapworcl password=test

[oracle@chen dbs]$ ls
hc_oracl.dat  initoracl.ora  orapworacl  spfileoracl.ora
init.ora      lkORCL         orapworcl              -----------生成密码文件

[oracle@chen ~]$ rlwrap sqlplus
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Fri Jun 6 15:19:31 2014
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Enter user-name: sys/aaaaaa as sysdba                 ---------输入任意口令都能进入?如何解决?

Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options


SQL> show user
USER is "SYS"

4:解决办法
[oracle@ooo admin]$ pwd
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/network/admin

[oracle@ooo admin]$ vim sqlnet.ora 
SQLNET.AUTHENTICATION_SERVICES= (NONE)     ----------添加这一行,登录时不是系统验证,而是oracle验证登录(防止系统管理员登录你的数据库),注释这一行又变化系统验证方式
NAMES.DIRECTORY_PATH= (TNSNAMES, EZCONNECT)

ADR_BASE = /u01/app/oracle

[oracle@localhost ~]$ rlwrap sqlplus

Enter user-name: / as sysdba
ERROR:
ORA-01031: insufficient privileges      --------系统验证方式没有通过,需要口令

Enter user-name: sys/aaaaa as sysdba
ERROR:
ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied    --------密码输入错误登录不上

[oracle@localhost ~]$ rlwrap sqlplus

Enter user-name: sys/test as sysdba                   ----------密码正确,登录成功

Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

来自 “ ITPUB博客 ” ,链接:http://blog.itpub.net/29785807/viewspace-1260306/,如需转载,请注明出处,否则将追究法律责任。

转载于:http://blog.itpub.net/29785807/viewspace-1260306/

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