Springboot运行原理

Spring Boot的优势在于内置大量习惯性的配置,便于与第三方集成,即“习惯优于配置”,让项目能够快速运行起来,下面我们就探究下Spring Boot自动集成配置的原理。

Spring Boot关于自动配置的jar包位于spring-boot-autoconfigure-*.jar中,

spring boot的启动类中通常使用组合注解@SpringBootApplication,其中最主要的就是@EnableAutoConfiguration,查看该注解的源码:

@Target({ElementType.TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
@AutoConfigurationPackage
@Import({AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class})
public @interface EnableAutoConfiguration {
String ENABLED_OVERRIDE_PROPERTY = “spring.boot.enableautoconfiguration”;

Class[] exclude() default {};

String[] excludeName() default {};

}
      它通过@Import注解获得AutoConfigurationImportSelector类,该类通过调用SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames方法将spring-boot-autoconfigure-*.jar jar包下META-INF/spring.factories的配置项加载入容器,这样我们就可以读取application.properties中的配置项了。

下面我们以一个实例来说明spring boot自动配置项:

1. 首先添加需要配置的服务:

public class HelloService {
private String msg;

public String sayHello(){
    return "hello "+msg;
}

public String getMsg() {
    return msg;
}

public void setMsg(String msg) {
    this.msg = msg;
}

}
  2. 服务对应属性类:

//读取配置文件前缀为hello.msg的配置
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = “hello”)
public class HelloServiceProperties {
//默认配置hello.msg=wold
public static final String MSG=“wold”;
private String msg=MSG;

public String getMsg() {
    return msg;
}

public void setMsg(String msg) {
    this.msg = msg;
}

}
3. 自动配置类

/**

  • @author whp 18-8-14
    */
    @Configuration
    //允许属性配置类
    @EnableConfigurationProperties(HelloServiceProperties.class)
    //属性类作用的服务类
    @ConditionalOnClass(HelloService.class)
    //value–数组,获取对应property名称的值,与name不可同时使用。
    // 作用:value单独使用时:当对应property名称的值为false时,该configuration不生效;
    // 当对应property名称的值为除false之外的值时,该configuration生效
    //缺少该property时是否可以加载。如果为true,没有该property也会正常加载;反之报错
    @ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = “hello”,value=“enable”,matchIfMissing = true)
    public class HelloServiceAutoConfiguration {

    @Autowired
    private HelloServiceProperties helloServiceProperties;

    @Bean
    @ConditionalOnMissingBean(HelloService.class)
    public HelloService helloService(){
    HelloService helloService=new HelloService();
    helloService.setMsg(helloServiceProperties.getMsg());
    return helloService;
    }
    }
        4. 简单使用

@RestController
@SpringBootApplication
public class WhpDemoApplication {

@Autowired
private BookConfig bookConfig;
@Autowired
private HelloService helloService;

@RequestMapping(value = "/",method = RequestMethod.GET)
public String index(){
	return "book is write by "+ bookConfig.getTime();
}
@RequestMapping(value = "/sayHello",method = RequestMethod.GET)
public String sayHello(){
	return helloService.sayHello();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
	SpringApplication application=new SpringApplication(WhpDemoApplication.class);
	application.run(args);
}

}
当配置文件中配置hello.msg=whp属性时,则输出:

【总结】

spring boot运行原理就是容器的思想,先将普遍使用的配置项加载入容器,只有在加载相应jar包的情况下,才能将配置属性通过配置文件加载入服务类。

参考书籍:《JavaEE开发者的颠覆:Spring boot实战》

项目链接:https://github.com/whpHarper/spring-boot

作者:king_eagle2015
来源:CSDN
原文:https://blog.csdn.net/whp15369657805/article/details/81669192
版权声明:本文为博主原创文章,转载请附上博文链接!

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