Spring boot 测试

Spring Boot 测试

Spring boot提供了两个包来支持测试。

• spring-boot-test: 包含测试的核心项

• spring-boot-tets-autoconfigure: 用来支持测试的自动配置

使用Spring boot测试框架做集成测试integration testing，通常不需要真实部署你的应用，或者连接到其他的基础设施。

使用随机端口random ports来测试

如果你需要启动一个full running server，推荐使用random ports。每次测试都会随机选择一个端口用来测试。

如果测试需要做REST调用，可以@Autowire一个TestRestTemplate，它可以处理到运行server的链接。

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)
public class RandomPortExampleTests {

    @Autowired
    private TestRestTemplate restTemplate;

    @Test
    public void exampleTest() {
        String body = this.restTemplate.getForObject("/", String.class);
        assertThat(body).isEqualTo("Hello World");
    }
}

Mocking和Spying

Spring boot使用@MockBean和@SpyBean来定义Mockito的mock和spy。

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class MyTests {

    @MockBean
    private RemoteService remoteService;

    @Autowired
    private Reverser reverser;

    @Test
    public void exampleTest() {
        // RemoteService has been injected into the reverser bean
        given(this.remoteService.someCall()).willReturn("mock");
        String reverse = reverser.reverseSomeCall();
        assertThat(reverse).isEqualTo("kcom");
    }
}

JSON测试

使用@JsonTest，它将自动配置ObjectMapper，@JsonComponent，Modules，Gson等。

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@JsonTest
public class MyJsonTests {

    @Autowired
    private JacksonTester json;

    @Test
    public void testSerialize() throws Exception {
        VehicleDetails details = new VehicleDetails("Honda", "Civic");
        // Assert against a `.json` file in the same package as the test
        assertThat(this.json.write(details)).isEqualToJson("expected.json");
        // Or use JSON path based assertions
        assertThat(this.json.write(details)).hasJsonPathStringValue("@.make");
        assertThat(this.json.write(details)).extractingJsonPathStringValue("@.make")
                .isEqualTo("Honda");
    }

    @Test
    public void testDeserialize() throws Exception {
        String content = "{\"make\":\"Ford\",\"model\":\"Focus\"}";
        assertThat(this.json.parse(content))
                .isEqualTo(new VehicleDetails("Ford", "Focus"));
        assertThat(this.json.parseObject(content).getMake()).isEqualTo("Ford");
    }
}

测试Spring MVC

测试Spring MVC controller可以使用@WebMvcTest，它会自动配置MockMvc，Mock MVC提供了一种强力的方式来测试MVC controllers，而不用启动一个完整的HTTP server。

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
@AutoConfigureMockMvc
public class MyControllerTests {

    @Autowired
    private MockMvc mvc;

    @MockBean
    private UserVehicleService userVehicleService;

    @Test
    public void testExample() throws Exception {
        given(this.userVehicleService.getVehicleDetails("sboot"))
                .willReturn(new VehicleDetails("Honda", "Civic"));
        this.mvc.perform(get("/sboot/vehicle").accept(MediaType.TEXT_PLAIN))
                .andExpect(status().isOk()).andExpect(content().string("Honda Civic"));
    }
}

测试Spring JPA

@DataJpaTest可以用来测试JPA，默认它会使用一个嵌入式内存数据库。扫描@Entity类和JAP repository。Data JPA 测试还会默认注入一个TestEntityManager，它是标准EntityManager的替代品。

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@DataJpaTest
public class ExampleRepositoryTests {

    @Autowired
    private TestEntityManager entityManager;

    @Autowired
    private UserRepository repository;

    @Test
    public void testExample() throws Exception {
        this.entityManager.persist(new User("sboot", "1234"));
        User user = this.repository.findByUsername("sboot");
        assertThat(user.getUsername()).isEqualTo("sboot");
        assertThat(user.getVin()).isEqualTo("1234");
    }
}

测试JDBC

使用@JdbcTest，类似于@DataJpaTest。

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@JdbcTest
@Transactional(propagation = Propagation.NOT_SUPPORTED)
public class ExampleNonTransactionalTests {

}