Linux下安装git服务器

一、安装git

在Linux服务器和Windows客户端上分别安装git。

Linux服务器端:

[root@localhost ~]# yum install -y git

安装完成后查看git版本:

[root@localhost ~]# git --version
git version 1.8.3.1

客户端:

下载 git-for-window,地址:https://git-for-windows.github.io/

安装完成后查看git版本:

Administrator@ygzx-PC03 MINGW64 ~
$ git --version
git version 2.9.3.windows.2


二、Linux服务器和客户端配置

1.创建git用户,并设置用户密码
[root@localhost ~]# useradd git
[root@localhost ~]# passwd git
更改用户 git 的密码 。
新的 密码:
2.Linux服务器端创建git仓库

设置 /home/data/git/gittest.git 为 Git 仓库

然后把 Git 仓库的 owner 修改为 git

[root@localhost home]# mkdir -p data/git/gittest.git
[root@localhost home]# git init --bare data/git/gittest.git
初始化空的 Git 版本库于 /home/data/git/gittest.git/
[root@localhost home]# cd data/git/
[root@localhost git]# chown -R git:git gittest.git/

3.客户端clone远程仓库

进入 Git Bash 命令行客户端,创建项目地址(d:/git)并进入:

Administrator@ygzx-PC03 MINGW64 ~
$ cd d:/git

Administrator@ygzx-PC03 MINGW64 /d/git

然后从 Linux Git 服务器上 clone 项目:

$ git clone [email protected]:/home/data/git/gittest.git
Cloning into 'gittest'...
The authenticity of host '192.168.1.75 (192.168.1.75)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:nYFUFGu7QOGRxL9+4bSx/8kspjzp60tIeFEaA9ca1UU.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)?
输入yes,然后再输入git的密码:

Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.1.75' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
[email protected]'s password:
Connection to 192.168.1.75 closed by remote host.
fatal: Could not read from remote repository.

Please make sure you have the correct access rights
and the repository exists.

Administrator@ygzx-PC03 MINGW64 /d/git
$


三、客户端创建 SSH 公钥和私钥

XXXXXXXXd代表自己的QQ号:
ssh-keygen -t rsa -C "[email protected]"
执行上述命令后得到如下结果:
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/c/Users/Administrator/.ssh/id_rsa):
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in /c/Users/Administrator/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /c/Users/Administrator/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:bfq1lz6O505WezZM1r0ROZJ/O0+7AycCbq9MskNQXFE [email protected]
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 2048]----+
|      . .ooE     |
|       o      . .|
|      .      o + |
|     .   o    o =|
|      . S +    ==|
|       . = . o+o*|
|      ..o.. o *O+|
|       .=. o ==+*|
|       ..oo oB=++|
+----[SHA256]-----+

Administrator@ygzx-PC03 MINGW64 /d/git
$

此时C:\Users\Administrator\.ssh目录下面会多出两个文件,一个是私钥id_rsa,另一个是公钥id_rsa.pub
Linux下安装git服务器_第1张图片


四、服务器端Git打开RSA认证

进入 /etc/ssh 目录,编辑 sshd_config,打开以下三个配置的注释:
RSAAuthentication yes
PubkeyAuthentication yes
AuthorizedKeysFile      .ssh/authorized_keys

保存并重启 sshd 服务:
[root@localhost ssh]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/sshd restart

由 AuthorizedKeysFile 得知公钥的存放路径是 .ssh/authorized_keys,实际上是 $Home/.ssh/authorized_keys,由于管理 Git 服务的用户是 git,所以实际存放公钥的路径是 /home/git/.ssh/authorized_keys

在 /home/git/ 下创建目录 .ssh

[root@localhost /]# cd /home/git
[root@localhost git]# pwd
/home/git
[root@localhost git]# mkdir .ssh
[root@localhost git]# ls -a
.  ..  .bash_logout  .bash_profile  .bashrc  .kshrc  .mozilla  .ssh

然后把 .ssh 文件夹的 owner 修改为git

[root@localhost git]# ll -a
总用量 20
drwx------  4 git  git    98 8月  28 16:15 .
drwxr-xr-x. 7 root root 4096 8月  28 15:28 ..
-rw-r--r--  1 git  git    18 11月 20 2015 .bash_logout
-rw-r--r--  1 git  git   193 11月 20 2015 .bash_profile
-rw-r--r--  1 git  git   231 11月 20 2015 .bashrc
-rw-r--r--  1 git  git   172 11月  3 2015 .kshrc
drwxr-xr-x  4 git  git    37 12月  9 2016 .mozilla
drwxr-xr-x  2 git  git     6 8月  28 16:15 .ssh
[root@localhost git]# 

五、将客户端公钥导入服务器端 /home/git/.ssh/authorized_keys 文件

回到 Git Bash 下,导入文件:
Administrator@ygzx-PC03 MINGW64 /d/git
$ ssh [email protected] 'cat >> .ssh/authorized_keys' < ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
[email protected]'s password:

Administrator@ygzx-PC03 MINGW64 /d/git
$
回到服务器端,查看 .ssh 下是否存在 authorized_keys 文件:

[root@localhost git]# cd .ssh
[root@localhost .ssh]# ll
总用量 4
-rw-rw-r-- 1 git git 398 8月  28 16:20 authorized_keys
 
     

修改 .ssh 目录的权限为 700

修改 .ssh/authorized_keys 文件的权限为 600

[root@localhost git]# chmod 700 .ssh
[root@localhost git]# cd .ssh
[root@localhost .ssh]# chmod 600 authorized_keys 

六、客户端再次clone远程仓库

git clone [email protected]:/home/data/git/gittest.git
Linux下安装git服务器_第2张图片

查看客户端项目目录:

Linux下安装git服务器_第3张图片
















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