Django项目 实例 日记
参考资料：
Django documentation
Django 基础教程
涉及的python包：
django，jieba，MySqldb，json，re，urllib2/scrapy，datetime
1.创建
C:\python\Django>django-admin startproject strip
C:\python\Django>cd strip
C:\python\Django\strip>tree /f
卷 Windows8_OS 的文件夹 PATH 列表
卷序列号为 00000090 EA34:912D
C:.
│ manage.py
│
└─strip
settings.py
urls.py
wsgi.py
__init__.py
2.生成app
C:\python\Django\strip>python manage.py startapp author
C:\python\Django\strip>python manage.py startapp spot
C:\python\Django\strip>python manage.py startapp spot
C:.
│ manage.py
│
├─author
│ │ admin.py
│ │ models.py
│ │ tests.py
│ │ views.py
│ │ __init__.py
│ │
│ └─migrations
│ __init__.py
│
├─spot
│ │ admin.py
│ │ models.py
│ │ tests.py
│ │ views.py
│ │ __init__.py
│ │
│ └─migrations
│ __init__.py
│
└─strip
settings.py
settings.pyc
urls.py
wsgi.py
__init__.py
__init__.pyc
3.在settings中添加app
1.修改strip/settings.py
INSTALLED_APPS = (
'django.contrib.admin',
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
'author',
'spot',
)
2.检查与数据库的链接
C:\python\Django\strip>python manage.py shell
In [2]: from django.db import connection as conn
In [3]: print conn
4.分析网站中应该创建的对象实例，表。
略
5.添加数据库信息
修改strip/settings.py
DATABASES = {
'default': {
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
'NAME': 'smartrip',
'USER':'root',
'PASSWORD':'root',
'HOST':'',
'PORT':'',
}
}
6.编写app的models
author/mdoels.py
from django.db import models
from django.utils import timezone
# Create your models here.
class user(models.Model):
email = models.EmailField(default='')
username = models.CharField(max_length=40,unique=True)
pword = models.CharField(max_length=20)
cdate = models.DateField(default=timezone.now)
birth = models.DateField(default=timezone.now)
mysite = models.URLField(default='')
sex = models.IntegerField(default=0)
intro = models.TextField(default='')
def __unicode__(self):
return self.username
spot/models.py
from django.db import models
from django.utils import timezone
from author.models import user
# Create your models here.
class spot(models.Model):
spotname = models.TextField(default='')
address = models.CharField(max_length=100)
want_it = models.IntegerField(default=0)
description = models.TextField(default='')
style = models.CharField(default='',max_length=12)
cover = models.TextField(default='')
visited = models.IntegerField(default=0)
def __unicode__(self):
return self.spotname
class photo(models.Model):
photo_url = models.TextField(default='')
pdate = models.DateField(default=timezone.now)
ptext = models.TextField(default='')
article_title = models.TextField(default='')
article_link = models.TextField(default='')
like_it = models.IntegerField(default=0)
spot = models.ForeignKey(spot,null=True,blank=True)
keyWords = models.TextField(default='')
def __unicode__(self):
return photo_url
class article(models.Model):
mileage = models.FloatField(default=0)
day_count = models.CharField(max_length=5,null=True)
click = models.IntegerField(default=0)
visited = models.IntegerField(default=0)
routes = models.TextField(default='')
want_it = models.IntegerField(default=0)
coverpic = models.TextField(default='')
user = models.ForeignKey(user,null=True,blank=True)
spots = models.ManyToManyField(spot,blank=True)
photos = models.ManyToManyField(photo,blank=True)
def __unicode__(self):
return self.article_title
7.生成models
1.形成变更
C:\python\Django\strip>python manage.py makemigrations
System check identified some issues:
WARNINGS:
spot.article.photos: (fields.W340) null has no effect on ManyToManyField.
spot.article.spots: (fields.W340) null has no effect on ManyToManyField.
Migrations for 'spot':
0001_initial.py:
- Create model article
- Create model photo
- Create model spot
- Add field spot to photo
- Add field photos to article
- Add field spots to article
- Add field user to article
Migrations for 'author':
0001_initial.py:
- Create model user
2.查看变更的sql语句
C:\python\Django\strip>python manage.py sqlmigrate author 0001
BEGIN;
CREATE TABLE `author_user` (`id` integer AUTO_INCREMENT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY, `email` varchar(254) NOT NULL, `username` varchar(40) NOT NULL UNIQUE, `pword` varchar(20) NOT NULL, `cdate` date NOT NULL, `birth` date NOT NULL, `mysite` varchar(200) NOT NULL, `sex` integer NOT NULL, `intro` longtext NOT NULL);
COMMIT;C:\python\Django\strip>python manage.py sqlmigrate spot 0001
BEGIN;
CREATE TABLE `spot_article` (`id` integer AUTO_INCREMENT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY, `mileage` double precision NOT NULL, `day_count` varchar(5) NULL, `click` integer NOT NULL, `visited` integer NOT NULL, `routes` longtext NOT NULL, `want_it` integer NOT NULL, `coverpic` longtext NOT NULL);
CREATE TABLE `spot_photo` (`id` integer AUTO_INCREMENT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY, `photo_url` longtext NOT NULL, `pdate` date NOT NULL, `ptext` longtext NOT NULL, `article_title` longtext NOT NULL, `article_link` longtext NOT NULL, `like_it` integer NOT NULL, `keyWords` longtext NOT NULL);
CREATE TABLE `spot_spot` (`id` integer AUTO_INCREMENT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY, `spotname` longtext NOT NULL, `address` varchar(100) NOT NULL, `want_it` integer NOT NULL, `description` longtext NOT NULL, `style` varchar(12) NOT NULL, `cover` longtext NOT NULL, `visited` integer NOT NULL);
ALTER TABLE `spot_photo` ADD COLUMN `spot_id` integer NULL;
ALTER TABLE `spot_photo` ALTER COLUMN `spot_id` DROP DEFAULT;
CREATE TABLE `spot_article_photos` (`id` integer AUTO_INCREMENT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY, `article_id` integer NOT NULL, `photo_id` integer NOT NULL, UNIQUE (`article_id`, `photo_id`));
CREATE TABLE `spot_article_spots` (`id` integer AUTO_INCREMENT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY, `article_id` integer NOT NULL, `spot_id` integer NOT NULL, UNIQUE (`article_id`, `spot_id`));
ALTER TABLE `spot_article` ADD COLUMN `user_id` integer NULL;
ALTER TABLE `spot_article` ALTER COLUMN `user_id` DROP DEFAULT;
CREATE INDEX `spot_photo_e72b53d4` ON `spot_photo` (`spot_id`);
ALTER TABLE `spot_photo` ADD CONSTRAINT `spot_photo_spot_id_281298f_fk_spot_spot_id` FOREIGN KEY (`spot_id`) REFERENCES `spot_spot` (`id`);
ALTER TABLE `spot_article_photos` ADD CONSTRAINT `spot_article_photos_article_id_18e821d_fk_spot_article_id` FOREIGN KEY (`article_id`) REFERENCES `spot_article` (`id`);
ALTER TABLE `spot_article_photos` ADD CONSTRAINT `spot_article_photos_photo_id_51ee98db_fk_spot_photo_id` FOREIGN KEY (`photo_id`) REFERENCES `spot_photo` (`id`);
CREATE INDEX `spot_article_photos_a00c1b00` ON `spot_article_photos` (`article_id`);
CREATE INDEX `spot_article_photos_b4e75e23` ON `spot_article_photos` (`photo_id`);
ALTER TABLE `spot_article_spots` ADD CONSTRAINT `spot_article_spots_article_id_7c4e22bc_fk_spot_article_id` FOREIGN KEY (`article_id`) REFERENCES `spot_article` (`id`);
ALTER TABLE `spot_article_spots` ADD CONSTRAINT `spot_article_spots_spot_id_723f7c87_fk_spot_spot_id` FOREIGN KEY (`spot_id`) REFERENCES `spot_spot` (`id`);
CREATE INDEX `spot_article_spots_a00c1b00` ON `spot_article_spots` (`article_id`);
CREATE INDEX `spot_article_spots_e72b53d4` ON `spot_article_spots` (`spot_id`);
CREATE INDEX `spot_article_e8701ad4` ON `spot_article` (`user_id`);
ALTER TABLE `spot_article` ADD CONSTRAINT `spot_article_user_id_42c7d0d8_fk_author_user_id` FOREIGN KEY (`user_id`) REFERENCES `author_user` (`id`);
COMMIT;3.生成这些变更
C:\python\Django\strip>python manage.py migrate
Operations to perform:
Synchronize unmigrated apps: staticfiles, messages
Apply all migrations: sessions, admin, author, spot, auth, contenttypes
Synchronizing apps without migrations:
Creating tables...
Installing custom SQL...
Installing indexes...
Running migrations:
Applying contenttypes.0001_initial... OK
Applying auth.0001_initial... OK
Applying admin.0001_initial... OK
Applying auth.0002_alter_permission_name_max_length... OK
Applying auth.0003_alter_user_email_max_length... OK
Applying auth.0004_alter_user_username_opts... OK
Applying auth.0005_alter_user_last_login_null... OK
Applying author.0001_initial... OK
Applying sessions.0001_initial... OK
Applying spot.0001_initial... OK4.查看mysql
C:\python\Django\strip>mysql -u root -p smartrip
Enter password: ****mysql> show tables;
+----------------------------+
| Tables_in_smartrip |
+----------------------------+
| auth_group |
| auth_group_permissions |
| auth_permission |
| auth_user |
| auth_user_groups |
| auth_user_user_permissions |
| author_user |
| django_admin_log |
| django_content_type |
| django_migrations |
| django_session |
| spot_article |
| spot_article_photos |
| spot_article_spots |
| spot_photo |
| spot_spot |
+----------------------------+
16 rows in set (0.00 sec)auth 前缀的表示django为admin自动生成的superuser表
django 前缀的表包含了变更models的历史
app名称为前缀的表就是models.py中代码的映射。
其中多对多关系ManyToManyField将被自动的映射为一张包含两种id对应信息的表
mysql> desc spot_article_photos;
+------------+---------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+------------+---------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id | int(11) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
| article_id | int(11) | NO | MUL | NULL | |
| photo_id | int(11) | NO | MUL | NULL | |
+------------+---------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
3 rows in set (0.02 sec)
mysql> desc spot_photo;
+---------------+----------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+---------------+----------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id | int(11) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
| photo_url | longtext | NO | | NULL | |
| pdate | date | NO | | NULL | |
| ptext | longtext | NO | | NULL | |
| article_title | longtext | NO | | NULL | |
| article_link | longtext | NO | | NULL | |
| like_it | int(11) | NO | | NULL | |
| keyWords | longtext | NO | | NULL | |
| spot_id | int(11) | YES | MUL | NULL | |
+---------------+----------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
9 rows in set (0.02 sec)
mysql> desc spot_article;
+-----------+------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-----------+------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id | int(11) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
| mileage | double | NO | | NULL | |
| day_count | varchar(5) | YES | | NULL | |
| click | int(11) | NO | | NULL | |
| visited | int(11) | NO | | NULL | |
| routes | longtext | NO | | NULL | |
| want_it | int(11) | NO | | NULL | |
| coverpic | longtext | NO | | NULL | |
| user_id | int(11) | YES | MUL | NULL | |
+-----------+------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
9 rows in set (0.04 sec)
5.利用django的QuerySet API编写注入数据库的脚本
1.先用shell来查看models的类的结构
其余的不给出了
6.完善表之间的m2m关系：
#coding:utf-8
import os
os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "strip.settings")
import django
if django.VERSION >= (1, 7):#自动判断版本
django.setup()
import json
import jieba
from author.models import *
from spot.models import *
for a in article.objects.all():
for p in photo.objects.filter(article_url=a.article_url):
a.photos.add(p)
for a in article.objects.all():
s = ''
for k in a.photos.values('keyWords'):
s+=','.join(json.loads(k.values()[0]))
for p in spot.objects.all():
for w in jieba.cut(p.spotname,cut_all=True):
if w in s:
a.spots.add(p)
7.创建superuser 管理admin站点
C:\python\Django\strip>python manage.py createsuperuser
Username (leave blank to use 'zhiziyun'): wdd1
Email address: [email protected]
Password:
Password (again):
Superuser created successfully.8.添加models到admin中：
app/admin:
from django.contrib import admin
# Register your models here.
from models import spot,photo,article
class spotadmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_display = ('spotname','address','want_it')
# filter_horizontal = ('articles',)
class articleadmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_display = ('article_title','user','want_it','routes')
# filter_horizontal = ('photos','trip_days')
class photoadmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_display = ('article_title','id','keyWords')
admin.site.register(spot,spotadmin)
admin.site.register(article,articleadmin)
admin.site.register(photo,photoadmin)
9.打开admin页面：
C:\python\Django\strip>python manage.py runserver
Performing system checks...
System check identified no issues (0 silenced).
August 24, 2015 - 15:53:58
Django version 1.8, using settings 'strip.settings'
Starting development server at http://127.0.0.1:8000/
Quit the server with CTRL-BREAK.
默认是英文环境，在strip/settings 设置语言环境：
LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh-hans'
这是第一次看到除了代码以为的彩色页面，是不是有点小激动？呵呵，在以后的后台管理中仍然离不开它。它作为一个工具。结合QuerySet是的Django网站的后台管理变得特别的方便。
今天就到这里。
2015-08-24 16:09:56