scrapy爬取 51job

spider.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import scrapy
# .. 上级目录  .当前目录
# 从上级目录中的items文件中引入JobSpidererItem数据模型类
from ..items import JobSpidererItem

class JobsSpider(scrapy.Spider):
    name = 'jobs'
    allowed_domains = ['search.51job.com']
    start_urls = ['http://search.51job.com/jobsearch/search_result.php?fromJs=1&jobarea=010000%2C020000%2C030200%2C040000%2C080200%2C00&district=000000&funtype=0000&industrytype=00&issuedate=9&providesalary=99&keyword=python&keywordtype=2&curr_page=1&lang=c&stype=1&postchannel=0000&workyear=99&cotype=99°reefrom=99&jobterm=99&companysize=99&lonlat=0%2C0&radius=-1&ord_field=0&list_type=0&dibiaoid=0&confirmdate=9','http://search.51job.com/jobsearch/search_result.php?fromJs=1&jobarea=010000%2C020000%2C030200%2C040000%2C080200%2C00&district=000000&funtype=0000&industrytype=00&issuedate=9&providesalary=99&keyword=java&keywordtype=2&curr_page=1&lang=c&stype=1&postchannel=0000&workyear=99&cotype=99°reefrom=99&jobterm=99&companysize=99&lonlat=0%2C0&radius=-1&ord_field=0&list_type=0&dibiaoid=0&confirmdate=9','http://search.51job.com/jobsearch/search_result.php?fromJs=1&jobarea=010000%2C020000%2C030200%2C040000%2C080200%2C00&district=000000&funtype=0000&industrytype=00&issuedate=9&providesalary=99&keyword=php&keywordtype=2&curr_page=1&lang=c&stype=1&postchannel=0000&workyear=99&cotype=99°reefrom=99&jobterm=99&companysize=99&lonlat=0%2C0&radius=-1&ord_field=0&list_type=0&dibiaoid=0&confirmdate=9']
    # 请求发送成功并返回响应后，会自动调用parse这个函数
    def parse(self, response):
        # 先找到所有的divs，包裹职位信息的标签
        divs = response.xpath('//div[@id="resultList"]/div[@class="el"]')
        for div in divs:
            # 找到职位名称
            zwmc = div.xpath('p/span/a/text()').extract_first('未知')
            # 去除职位名称中的空格
            zwmc = zwmc.strip()
            zwmc = zwmc.strip('\n\r')
            # 找到公司名称
            gsmc = div.xpath('span[@class="t2"]//text()').extract_first('未知')
            # 找到工作地点
            gzdd = div.xpath('span[@class="t3"]/text()').extract_first('未知')
            # 找到职位月薪
            zwyx = div.xpath('span[@class="t4"]/text()').extract_first('面议')
            # 找到发布日期
            fbrq = div.xpath('span[@class="t5"]/text()').extract_first('未知')

            # 创建JobSpidererItem对象，保存找到的数据
            item = JobSpidererItem()
            item['zwmc'] = zwmc
            item['gsmc'] = gsmc
            item['zwyx'] = zwyx
            item['gzdd'] = gzdd
            item['fbrq'] = fbrq
            # yield 传递item
            yield item
        # 找到下一页的链接地址
        next_href = response.xpath('//div[@class="p_in"]/ul/li[last()]/a/@href').extract_first('')
        # 判断是否有下一页
        if next_href:
            # yield 请求对象
            yield scrapy.Request(next_href)

items.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Define here the models for your scraped items
#
# See documentation in:
# https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/items.html

import scrapy

# item数据模型
class JobSpidererItem(scrapy.Item):
    # define the fields for your item here like:
    # name = scrapy.Field()
    zwmc = scrapy.Field() # 职位名称
    gsmc = scrapy.Field() # 公司名称
    zwyx = scrapy.Field() # 职位月薪
    gzdd = scrapy.Field() # 工作地点
    fbrq = scrapy.Field() # 发布日期

pipelines.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Define your item pipelines here
#
# Don't forget to add your pipeline to the ITEM_PIPELINES setting
# See: https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
import xlwt
# 写入excel表格
class JobSpidererPipeline(object):

def __init__(self):
    # 初始化xls表格
    self.workbook = xlwt.Workbook(encoding='utf-8')
    self.sheet = self.workbook.add_sheet(u'51job职位数据')
    self.sheet.write(0, 0, '职位名称')
    self.sheet.write(0, 1, '公司名称')
    self.sheet.write(0, 2, '工作地点')
    self.sheet.write(0, 3, '职位月薪')
    self.sheet.write(0, 4, '发布日期')
    # 定义一个属性记录处理的个数
    self.count = 1
# 当爬虫关闭的时候
def close_spider(self,spider):
    # 保存职位信息

    self.workbook.save(u'51job职位信息.xls')

# 销毁对象的时候执行
def __del__(self):
    print '对象被销毁了.......'


def process_item(self, item, spider):
    # 处理item数据
    self.sheet.write(self.count, 0, item['zwmc'])
    self.sheet.write(self.count, 1, item['gsmc'])
    self.sheet.write(self.count, 2, item['gzdd'])
    self.sheet.write(self.count, 3, item['zwyx'])
    self.sheet.write(self.count, 4, item['fbrq'])
    # 行号+1
    self.count += 1
    print self.count

    return item

settings.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Scrapy settings for Job_Spiderer project
#
# For simplicity, this file contains only settings considered important or
# commonly used. You can find more settings consulting the documentation:
#
#     https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html
#     https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
#     https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html

BOT_NAME = 'Job_Spiderer'

SPIDER_MODULES = ['Job_Spiderer.spiders']
NEWSPIDER_MODULE = 'Job_Spiderer.spiders'


# Crawl responsibly by identifying yourself (and your website) on the user-agent
#USER_AGENT = 'Job_Spiderer (+http://www.yourdomain.com)'

# Obey robots.txt rules
ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = False

# Configure maximum concurrent requests performed by Scrapy (default: 16)
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS = 32

# Configure a delay for requests for the same website (default: 0)
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html#download-delay
# See also autothrottle settings and docs
DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 1
# The download delay setting will honor only one of:
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN = 16
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_IP = 16

# Disable cookies (enabled by default)
#COOKIES_ENABLED = False

# Disable Telnet Console (enabled by default)
#TELNETCONSOLE_ENABLED = False

# Override the default request headers:
DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS = {
  'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8',
  'Accept-Language': 'en',
   'User-Agent':"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64; rv:52.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/52.0",
}

# Enable or disable spider middlewares
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html
#SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES = {
#    'Job_Spiderer.middlewares.JobSpidererSpiderMiddleware': 543,
#}

# Enable or disable downloader middlewares
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
#DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
#    'Job_Spiderer.middlewares.JobSpidererDownloaderMiddleware': 543,
#}

# Enable or disable extensions
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/extensions.html
#EXTENSIONS = {
#    'scrapy.extensions.telnet.TelnetConsole': None,
#}

# Configure item pipelines
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
ITEM_PIPELINES = {
   'Job_Spiderer.pipelines.JobSpidererPipeline': 300,
}

# Enable and configure the AutoThrottle extension (disabled by default)
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/autothrottle.html
#AUTOTHROTTLE_ENABLED = True
# The initial download delay
#AUTOTHROTTLE_START_DELAY = 5
# The maximum download delay to be set in case of high latencies
#AUTOTHROTTLE_MAX_DELAY = 60
# The average number of requests Scrapy should be sending in parallel to
# each remote server
#AUTOTHROTTLE_TARGET_CONCURRENCY = 1.0
# Enable showing throttling stats for every response received:
#AUTOTHROTTLE_DEBUG = False

# Enable and configure HTTP caching (disabled by default)
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html#httpcache-middleware-settings
#HTTPCACHE_ENABLED = True
#HTTPCACHE_EXPIRATION_SECS = 0
#HTTPCACHE_DIR = 'httpcache'
#HTTPCACHE_IGNORE_HTTP_CODES = []
#HTTPCACHE_STORAGE = 'scrapy.extensions.httpcache.FilesystemCacheStorage'

debug.py

# coding: utf-8
# 引入execute函数
from scrapy.cmdline import execute
# 执行命令
execute(['scrapy', 'crawl', 'jobs'])

middlewares.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Define here the models for your spider middleware
#
# See documentation in:
# https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html

from scrapy import signals


class JobSpidererSpiderMiddleware(object):
    # Not all methods need to be defined. If a method is not defined,
    # scrapy acts as if the spider middleware does not modify the
    # passed objects.

    @classmethod
    def from_crawler(cls, crawler):
        # This method is used by Scrapy to create your spiders.
        s = cls()
        crawler.signals.connect(s.spider_opened, signal=signals.spider_opened)
        return s

    def process_spider_input(self, response, spider):
        # Called for each response that goes through the spider
        # middleware and into the spider.

        # Should return None or raise an exception.
        return None

    def process_spider_output(self, response, result, spider):
        # Called with the results returned from the Spider, after
        # it has processed the response.

        # Must return an iterable of Request, dict or Item objects.
        for i in result:
            yield i

    def process_spider_exception(self, response, exception, spider):
        # Called when a spider or process_spider_input() method
        # (from other spider middleware) raises an exception.

        # Should return either None or an iterable of Response, dict
        # or Item objects.
        pass

    def process_start_requests(self, start_requests, spider):
        # Called with the start requests of the spider, and works
        # similarly to the process_spider_output() method, except
        # that it doesn’t have a response associated.

        # Must return only requests (not items).
        for r in start_requests:
            yield r

    def spider_opened(self, spider):
        spider.logger.info('Spider opened: %s' % spider.name)


class JobSpidererDownloaderMiddleware(object):
    # Not all methods need to be defined. If a method is not defined,
    # scrapy acts as if the downloader middleware does not modify the
    # passed objects.

    @classmethod
    def from_crawler(cls, crawler):
        # This method is used by Scrapy to create your spiders.
        s = cls()
        crawler.signals.connect(s.spider_opened, signal=signals.spider_opened)
        return s

    def process_request(self, request, spider):
        # Called for each request that goes through the downloader
        # middleware.

        # Must either:
        # - return None: continue processing this request
        # - or return a Response object
        # - or return a Request object
        # - or raise IgnoreRequest: process_exception() methods of
        #   installed downloader middleware will be called
        return None

    def process_response(self, request, response, spider):
        # Called with the response returned from the downloader.

        # Must either;
        # - return a Response object
        # - return a Request object
        # - or raise IgnoreRequest
        return response

    def process_exception(self, request, exception, spider):
        # Called when a download handler or a process_request()
        # (from other downloader middleware) raises an exception.

        # Must either:
        # - return None: continue processing this exception
        # - return a Response object: stops process_exception() chain
        # - return a Request object: stops process_exception() chain
        pass

    def spider_opened(self, spider):
        spider.logger.info('Spider opened: %s' % spider.name)