Android GPS学习笔记—LMS初始化

    LocationManagerService(简称LMS)和Android Java Framework中的其他Service一样由SystemServer创建并运行在system_process进程中。LMS是系统Location模块的核心,我们来看一下它的初始化。

    目录:frameworks/base/services/core/java/com/android/server

1. SystemServer.java

    在SystemServer.java文件中,startOtherService函数创建LMS的代码如下,首先创建了LMS对象,并将LOCATION_SERVICE添加到ServiceManager中。

if (!disableLocation) {
                try {
                    Slog.i(TAG, "Location Manager");
                    location = new LocationManagerService(context);
                    ServiceManager.addService(Context.LOCATION_SERVICE, location);
                } catch (Throwable e) {
                    reportWtf("starting Location Manager", e);
                }
同样是在startOtherService函数中,调用了LMS的systemRunning函数,代码如下:
           try {
                    if (locationF != null) locationF.systemRunning();
                } catch (Throwable e) {
                    reportWtf("Notifying Location Service running", e);
                }

2. LMS(LocationManagerService)

LMS的systemRunning函数实现如下:

public void systemRunning() {
        synchronized (mLock) {
            if (D) Log.d(TAG, "systemReady()");

            // fetch package manager
            mPackageManager = mContext.getPackageManager();

            // fetch power manager
            mPowerManager = (PowerManager) mContext.getSystemService(Context.POWER_SERVICE);

            // prepare worker thread
            mLocationHandler = new LocationWorkerHandler(BackgroundThread.get().getLooper());

            // prepare mLocationHandler's dependents
            // Android平台提供粗细两种精度的位置信息。其中,粗精度的位置信息由LocationFudger根据细精度的位置
            // 信息进行一定的数学模糊处理后得到。
            mLocationFudger = new LocationFudger(mContext, mLocationHandler);
            // 系统有一个黑白名单用于禁止使用某些特定的LP,在黑白名单中,LP由其对应的java包名指定
            mBlacklist = new LocationBlacklist(mContext, mLocationHandler);
            mBlacklist.init();
            //GeofenceManager为地理围栏对象。            
            mGeofenceManager = new GeofenceManager(mContext, mBlacklist);

            // prepare providers 关键函数
            loadProvidersLocked();
            // 根据设置中的开关情况,开启或者禁止某个LP。在此函数中,各LP实现的LocationProviderInterface接口的enable/disable函数被调用
            updateProvidersLocked();
        }

        // listen for settings changes 监听设置数据库的变化,字段LOCATION_PROVIDERS_ALLOWED,当用户点击设置菜单按钮时,会改变数据库该字段的值
        mContext.getContentResolver().registerContentObserver(
                Settings.Secure.getUriFor(Settings.Secure.LOCATION_PROVIDERS_ALLOWED), true,
                new ContentObserver(mLocationHandler) {
                    @Override
                    public void onChange(boolean selfChange) {
                        synchronized (mLock) {
                            updateProvidersLocked();
                        }
                    }
                }, UserHandle.USER_ALL);
        mPackageMonitor.register(mContext, mLocationHandler.getLooper(), true);

        // 其他如监听用户切换,APK安装/卸载等事件在此不赘述
        ... ...
    }

systemRunning中的内容较多,我们看其中的关键函数:loadProvidersLocked(),该函数用于创建及加载系统中所有的LP,其代码如下:

private void loadProvidersLocked() {
        
        //创建PassiveProvider,这个LP始终是enable的。passive译为被动,它自己不能更新位置信息,而是靠其他LP来触发
        //位置更新,PassiveProvider的位置更新是由LMS接收到其他LP的位置更新通知后,主动调用PassiveProvider的
        //updateLocation函数来完成的
        PassiveProvider passiveProvider = new PassiveProvider(this);
        //LMS将保存所有的LP
        addProviderLocked(passiveProvider);
        //PassiveProvider永远处于启用状态。mEnabledProviders用于保存那些被启用的LP        
        mEnabledProviders.add(passiveProvider.getName());
        mPassiveProvider = passiveProvider;
        
        //创建GPSLP实例 
        GpsLocationProvider gpsProvider = new GpsLocationProvider(mContext, this,
                mLocationHandler.getLooper());

        if (GpsLocationProvider.isSupported()) {
            mGpsStatusProvider = gpsProvider.getGpsStatusProvider();
            mNetInitiatedListener = gpsProvider.getNetInitiatedListener();
            //保存GPSLP
            addProviderLocked(gpsProvider);
            //GPSLP是真实的位置提供者,将它保存在mRealProviders中           
            mRealProviders.put(LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER, gpsProvider);
        }
        mGpsMeasurementsProvider = gpsProvider.getGpsMeasurementsProvider();
        mGpsNavigationMessageProvider = gpsProvider.getGpsNavigationMessageProvider();

 
        Resources resources = mContext.getResources();
        ArrayList providerPackageNames = new ArrayList();
        //config_locationProviderPackageNames存储了第三方LP的java包名。Android原生代码中该值为
        //"com.android.location.fused"。FusedLP对应的源码路径为frameworks/base/packages/FusedLocation
        String[] pkgs = resources.getStringArray(
                com.android.internal.R.array.config_locationProviderPackageNames);
        if (D) Log.d(TAG, "certificates for location providers pulled from: " +
                Arrays.toString(pkgs));
        if (pkgs != null) providerPackageNames.addAll(Arrays.asList(pkgs));
        //加载应用程序的实现的LP服务时,LMS将检查它们的签名信息以及版本信息
        ensureFallbackFusedProviderPresentLocked(providerPackageNames);

        // 加载NetworkLP
        LocationProviderProxy networkProvider = LocationProviderProxy.createAndBind(
                mContext,
                LocationManager.NETWORK_PROVIDER,
                NETWORK_LOCATION_SERVICE_ACTION,
                com.android.internal.R.bool.config_enableNetworkLocationOverlay,
                com.android.internal.R.string.config_networkLocationProviderPackageName,
                com.android.internal.R.array.config_locationProviderPackageNames,
                mLocationHandler);
        if (networkProvider != null) {
            //NetworkLP属于真实的LP
            mRealProviders.put(LocationManager.NETWORK_PROVIDER, networkProvider);
            //应用程序实现的LP保存在mProxyProviders中
            mProxyProviders.add(networkProvider);
            addProviderLocked(networkProvider);
        } else {
            Slog.w(TAG,  "no network location provider found");
        }

        // 加载FusedLP
        LocationProviderProxy fusedLocationProvider = LocationProviderProxy.createAndBind(
                mContext,
                LocationManager.FUSED_PROVIDER,
                FUSED_LOCATION_SERVICE_ACTION,
                com.android.internal.R.bool.config_enableFusedLocationOverlay,
                com.android.internal.R.string.config_fusedLocationProviderPackageName,
                com.android.internal.R.array.config_locationProviderPackageNames,
                mLocationHandler);
        if (fusedLocationProvider != null) {
            addProviderLocked(fusedLocationProvider);
            mProxyProviders.add(fusedLocationProvider);
            //FusedLP默认处于启用的状态
            mEnabledProviders.add(fusedLocationProvider.getName());
            mRealProviders.put(LocationManager.FUSED_PROVIDER, fusedLocationProvider);
        } else {
            Slog.e(TAG, "no fused location provider found",
                    new IllegalStateException("Location service needs a fused location provider"));
        }

        // 加载Geocoder
        mGeocodeProvider = GeocoderProxy.createAndBind(mContext,
                com.android.internal.R.bool.config_enableGeocoderOverlay,
                com.android.internal.R.string.config_geocoderProviderPackageName,
                com.android.internal.R.array.config_locationProviderPackageNames,
                mLocationHandler);
        if (mGeocodeProvider == null) {
            Slog.e(TAG,  "no geocoder provider found");
        }

        ... ...
        
    }

在LMS的初始化函数中,loadProvidersLocked用于创建和加载系统中所有的LP如下:

1. PassiveProvider:提供被动式的位置数据更新服务,其位置数据来源于其他LP

2. GpsLocationProvider:由LMS创建并加载,运行在LMS所在的进程system_process中,属于系统提供的LP服务

3. NetworkLocationProvider:该LP服务是由应用程序提供的

4. FusedLocationProvider:由FusedLocation.apk服务,属于系统提供的应用程序。其内部将使用其他的LP

5. GeocodeProvider:由第三方应用程序提供,一般和NetworkLP位于同一个应用程序中。

其中GpsLocationProvider是重点,在下一篇文章中将介绍它的初始化。我们先来看一下LMS是如何与应用进程中的LP交互的。

3. LocationProviderProxy.java

    由loadProvidersProxy.java代码可知,LMS通过LocationProviderProxy的createAndBind函数来加载应用进程中的LP。

public static LocationProviderProxy createAndBind(
            Context context, String name, String action,
            int overlaySwitchResId, int defaultServicePackageNameResId,
            int initialPackageNamesResId, Handler handler) {
        LocationProviderProxy proxy = new LocationProviderProxy(context, name, action,
                overlaySwitchResId, defaultServicePackageNameResId, initialPackageNamesResId,
                handler);
        if (proxy.bind()) {
            return proxy;
        } else {
            return null;
        }
    }
上述函数中有两个重要函数,一个是LocationProviderProxy的构造函数,另一个是bind函数。我们先来看一下其构造函数:

private LocationProviderProxy(Context context, String name, String action,
            int overlaySwitchResId, int defaultServicePackageNameResId,
            int initialPackageNamesResId, Handler handler) {
        mContext = context;
        mName = name;
        mServiceWatcher = new ServiceWatcher(mContext, TAG + "-" + name, action, overlaySwitchResId,
                defaultServicePackageNameResId, initialPackageNamesResId,
                mNewServiceWork, handler);
    }

其中ServiceWatcher是LocationProviderProxy中最重要的对象。在Android LMS架构中,应用程序实现的LP服务是通过Service提供的。ServiceWatcherLocationProviderProxy中用来连接和监视应用程序实现的LP服务的。

再来看一下bind函数:

private boolean bind () {
        return mServiceWatcher.start();
    }
bind函数直接调用了ServiceWatcher的start函数,我们直接来看start函数:

public boolean start() {
        synchronized (mLock) {
        //关键函数bindBestPackageLocked
        if (!bindBestPackageLocked(mServicePackageName)) return false;
        }

        // 监听用户切换
        IntentFilter intentFilter = new IntentFilter();
        intentFilter.addAction(Intent.ACTION_USER_SWITCHED);
        mContext.registerReceiverAsUser(new BroadcastReceiver() {
            @Override
            public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
                String action = intent.getAction();
                if (Intent.ACTION_USER_SWITCHED.equals(action)) {
                    switchUser();
                }
            }
        }, UserHandle.ALL, intentFilter, null, mHandler);

        // 监听应用程序的安装,卸载,更新等广播事件
        if (mServicePackageName == null) {
            mPackageMonitor.register(mContext, null, UserHandle.ALL, true);
        }

        return true;
    }
其中的重要函数是bindBestPackageLocked,它的工作主要有以下内容:

1. 检查目标应用程序的签名

2. 根据createAndBind第三个参数查找该目标应用程序实现的Service。以NetworkLP为例,目标应用程序必须提供一个名为"com.android.location.service.v2.NetworkLocationProvider"的服务

3. 绑定到该服务上,并获取一个类型为ILocationProvider的实例。通过该实例,LocationProviderProxy可与应用程序中的LP服务交互

bindBestPackageLocked中最重要的函数是bindToPackageLocked,其代码如下:

private void bindToPackageLocked(String packageName, int version, boolean isMultiuser) {
        unbindLocked();
        Intent intent = new Intent(mAction);
        intent.setPackage(packageName);
        mPackageName = packageName;
        mVersion = version;
        mIsMultiuser = isMultiuser;
        if (D) Log.d(mTag, "binding " + packageName + " (version " + version + ") ("
                + (isMultiuser ? "multi" : "single") + "-user)");
        mContext.bindServiceAsUser(intent, this, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE | Context.BIND_NOT_FOREGROUND
                | Context.BIND_NOT_VISIBLE, mIsMultiuser ? UserHandle.OWNER : UserHandle.CURRENT);
    }

bindServiceAsUser函数绑定了第三方应用程序的LP服务,参数intent中传入的mAction是在ServiceWatcher的构造函数中赋值的,从LocationProviderProxy的代码中可以看出,这个action是在createAndBind函数中传入的,即在LMS中定义了此Action:

private static final String NETWORK_LOCATION_SERVICE_ACTION =
            "com.android.location.service.v3.NetworkLocationProvider"

绑定成功后,ServiceWatcher的onServiceConnected函数将被调用:

public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder binder) {
        synchronized (mLock) {
            String packageName = name.getPackageName();
            if (packageName.equals(mPackageName)) {
                if (D) Log.d(mTag, packageName + " connected");
                mBinder = binder;
                if (mHandler !=null && mNewServiceWork != null) {
                    mHandler.post(mNewServiceWork);
                }
            } else {
                Log.w(mTag, "unexpected onServiceConnected: " + packageName);
            }
        }
    }
mNewServiceWork由LocationProviderProxy提供,是一个Runnable对象,其代码如下:

    private Runnable mNewServiceWork = new Runnable() {
        @Override
        public void run() {
            if (D) Log.d(TAG, "applying state to connected service");

            boolean enabled;
            ProviderProperties properties = null;
            ProviderRequest request;
            WorkSource source;
            ILocationProvider service;
            synchronized (mLock) {
                enabled = mEnabled;
                request = mRequest;
                source = mWorksource;
                service = getService();
            }

            if (service == null) return;

            try {
                // 获取LP的属性信息,这些属性统一封装在类型为ProviderProperties的对象中
                properties = service.getProperties();
                if (properties == null) {
                    Log.e(TAG, mServiceWatcher.getBestPackageName() +
                            " has invalid locatino provider properties");
                }

                // apply current state to new service
                if (enabled) {
                    service.enable();//启动这个LP
                    if (request != null) {//如果客户端有请求,则将该请求发送给LP
                        service.setRequest(request, source);
                    }
                }
            } catch (RemoteException e) {
                Log.w(TAG, e);
            } catch (Exception e) {
                // never let remote service crash system server
                Log.e(TAG, "Exception from " + mServiceWatcher.getBestPackageName(), e);
            }

            synchronized (mLock) {
                mProperties = properties;
            }
        }
    };


参考文献:《深入理解Android:WiFi、NFC和GPS卷》

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