Hyperledger Fabric 官网翻译入门教程--之关键概念(Hyperledger Fabric 功能列表）

英文地址：http://hyperledger-fabric.readthedocs.io/en/latest/functionalities.html

Hyperledger Fabric Functionalities/Hyperledger Fabric 功能列表

Hyperledger Fabric is an implementation of distributed ledger technology (DLT) that delivers enterprise-ready network security, scalability, confidentiality and performance, in a modular blockchain architecture. Hyperledger Fabric delivers the following blockchain network functionalities:

Hyperledger Fabric是分布式账本技术（DLT）的一种实现，它以模块化区块链架构提供企业级网络安全性，可扩展性，机密性和性能。 Hyperledger Fabric提供以下区块链网络功能：

Identity management/身份管理

To enable permissioned networks, Hyperledger Fabric provides a membership identity service that manages user IDs and authenticates all participants on the network. Access control lists can be used to provide additional layers of permission through authorization of specific network operations. For example, a specific user ID could be permitted to invoke a chaincode application, but be blocked from deploying new chaincode.

为了启用带许可的网络，Hyperledger Fabric提供了一种成员身份识别服务，用于管理用户ID并对网络上的所有参与者进行身份验证。访问控制列表可用于通过特定的网络操作的授权来提供额外的权限层。例如，可以允许特定的用户ID调用链式代码应用程序，但被阻止部署新的链式代码。

Privacy and confidentiality/隐私和机密性

Hyperledger Fabric enables competing business interests, and any groups that require private, confidential transactions, to coexist on the same permissioned network. Private channels are restricted messaging paths that can be used to provide transaction privacy and confidentiality for specific subsets of network members. All data, including transaction, member and channel information, on a channel are invisible and inaccessible to any network members not explicitly granted access to that channel.

Hyperledger Fabric使相互竞争的商业利益以及任何需要私密交易的群体能够在同一个许可的网络上共存。专用管道(channel)是受限制的消息传递路径，可用于为特定的网络成员子集提供交易隐私和机密性。所有数据，包括交易，会员和管道(channel)信息，对于没有明确授予可以访问该管道(channel)的任何网络成员都是不可见的。

Efficient processing/高效的处理过程

Hyperledger Fabric assigns network roles by node type. To provide concurrency and parallelism to the network, transaction execution is separated from transaction ordering and commitment. Executing transactions prior to ordering them enables each peer node to process multiple transactions simultaneously. This concurrent execution increases processing efficiency on each peer and accelerates delivery of transactions to the ordering service.

Hyperledger Fabric按节点类型分配网络角色。为了向网络提供并发性和并行性，交易执行与交易排序和承诺是分开的。在排序它们之前执行交易可使每个peer同时处理多个交易。这种并发执行提高了每个peer的处理效率并加速了向ordering 服务传递交易。

In addition to enabling parallel processing, the division of labor unburdens ordering nodes from the demands of transaction execution and ledger maintenance, while peer nodes are freed from ordering (consensus) workloads. This bifurcation of roles also limits the processing required for authorization and authentication; all peer nodes do not have to trust all ordering nodes, and vice versa, so processes on one can run independently of verification by the other.

除了支持并行处理之外，分工还可以从交易执行和总账维护的需求中解除ordering 节点，同时peer节点从排序（一致性）工作负载中解放出来。角色分叉也限制了授权和认证所需的过程;所有peer节点不必信任所有的ordering 节点，反之亦然，因此一个节点上的进程可以独立于另一节点的验证运行。

Chaincode functionality/链码功能

Chaincode applications encode logic that is invoked by specific types of transactions on the channel. Chaincode that defines parameters for a change of asset ownership, for example, ensures that all transactions that transfer ownership are subject to the same rules and requirements. System chaincode is distinguished as chaincode that defines operating parameters for the entire channel. Lifecycle and configuration system chaincode defines the rules for the channel; endorsement and validation system chaincode defines the requirements for endorsing and validating transactions.

Chaincode应用程序对由管道(channel)上特定交易类型调用的逻辑进行编码。例如，为资产所有权变更定义参数的Chaincode可确保变更所有权的所有交易都遵守相同的规则和要求。系统链码是明显不同的链码，该链码定义整个管道(channel)的操作参数。生命周期和配置系统链码定义了管道(channel)的规则;背书(endorsement)和确认系统链码定义了批准和验证交易的要求。

Modular design/模块化设计

Hyperledger Fabric implements a modular architecture to provide functional choice to network designers. Specific algorithms for identity, ordering (consensus) and encryption, for example, can be plugged in to any Hyperledger Fabric network. The result is a universal blockchain architecture that any industry or public domain can adopt, with the assurance that its networks will be interoperable across market, regulatory and geographic boundaries.

Hyperledger Fabric实现了模块化架构，为网络设计者提供了功能选择。例如，用于身份识别，排序（共识）和加密的特定算法可以插入任何Hyperledger Fabric网络。其结果是任何行业或公共领域都可以采用该通用区块链架构，并确保其网络可在市场，法规和地理边界之间进行互操作。

Hyperledger Fabric 官网翻译入门教程目录