Struts 2 - Spring 4 - Hibernate 4 通过Maven整合

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本文转载自

Struts 2 - Spring 4 - Hibernate 4 Integration Tutorial Part 1 - XML Configuration

主要内容是结合eclipse，通过maven来整合struts2、spring4和hibernate4

 

在阅读本文之前最好先看一下预备篇

Spring 4 and Struts 2 Integration Tutorial Part 1: XML Configuration

预备篇中详细讲解了怎么通过eclipse创建一个maven的web application，而且预备篇中的servlet&JSP依赖配置在本文中已经被直接忽略了。

 

如果对Annotations的配置方式比较感兴趣，可以查看如下的两篇文章

Spring 4 and Struts 2 Integration Tutorial Part 2: Java-Based and Annotations

Struts - Spring - Hibernate Integration Tutorial Part 2 - Java-Based and Annotations

 

Welcome to the first part of Struts - Spring - Hibernate integration tutorial series! Let imagine you are assigned a legacy project which is based-on Struts 2 framework. Your critical mission is to add Spring and Hibernate to the project and make sure these three guys (Struts, Spring and Hibernate) working together in harmony. And imagine this is the last chance you can impress your boss (he promises you with salary increase or promotion if you can get the project done perfectly). Being excited, you’re looking around for solutions and finally reading this page!

 

My friend, I want to tell you this: This tutorial is written for you to solve such problems. I will walk you through the steps of developing a sample Java web project which utilizes the three frameworks Struts, Spring and Hibernate. The purpose of the application is to list all products from a MySQL database in a web page (JSP).

 

Before going into the details, let’s review some key points first. I think these key points are very important as it helps us understand what is really going on with the integration at a high level.

 

Why Integration of Struts, Spring and Hibernate?

 

Struts is a web application framework, Spring is an enterprise application framework, and Hibernate is an ORM framework. Hibernate is working at the database layer, whereas both Struts and Spring can work at the web layer. Spring is more powerful than Struts and it can replace Struts. So if you are starting a new project with Spring and Hibernate, don’t use Struts!

 

This kind of integration is only necessary for legacy projects which were built with Struts and now you have to upgrade them with Spring and Hibernate while still keeping Struts. Therefore, there are very few Struts-Spring-Hibernate applications in practice.

 

How does the Integration of Struts, Spring and Hibernate work?

 

In this kind of integration, Struts should intercept all requests coming to the application by working as a dispatcher filter. Spring should act as a dependency injection container which also manages Hibernate session and provides transaction management services.

 

The interesting point is that Struts’ action classes are managed by Spring. Therefore, action mappings in Struts can refer to a Spring bean. This only can be done by using the Spring Plug-in provided by Struts.

 

 

Back to the sample project we are going to develop in the next few minutes, I suggest you use the following technologies:

 

• Java 8
• Struts Framework 2.3.20
• Spring Framework 4.1.4.RELEASE
• Hibernate Framework 4.3.8.Final
• Tomcat 8.0
• Eclipse Luna (with Maven 3)
• MySQL 5.5
• Apache Commons DBCP

NOTE: in this first part, all the configurations are done by using XML.

 

Now, let’s create a Dynamic Web project in Eclipse and then convert it to a Maven project (If you don’t know how to do this, follow the section 1 in the tutorial: Spring 4 and Struts 2 Integration Tutorial Part 1: XML Configuration). After the project is created, follow the steps below:

 

 

 

1. Setting Up Database

Execute the following MySQL script to create a database called productsdb with a table called product:

 

CREATE DATABASE `productsdb`;

CREATE TABLE `product` (
  `product_id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `name` varchar(128) NOT NULL,
  `description` varchar(512) NOT NULL,
  `price` float NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`product_id`)
)

Our application will list all products from the product table. Remember to insert some dummy data for testing the application later.

 

 

 

2. Adding Maven Dependencies

First, declare properties for version numbers of Java, Struts, Spring, Hibernate and MySQL Connector library as follows:

 

< properties >
    < java-version >1.8 java-version >
    < org.springframework-version >4.1.4.RELEASE org.springframework-version >
    < org.strutsframework-version >2.3.20 org.strutsframework-version >
    < org.hibernateframework-version >4.3.8.Final org.hibernateframework-version >
    < org.mysqlconnector-version >5.1.34 org.mysqlconnector-version >
properties >

Dependencies for Spring framework:

 

< dependency >
    < groupId >org.springframework groupId >
    < artifactId >spring-context artifactId >
    < version >${org.springframework-version} version >
dependency >

< dependency >
    < groupId >org.springframework groupId >
    < artifactId >spring-context-support artifactId >
    < version >${org.springframework-version} version >
dependency >

< dependency >
    < groupId >org.springframework groupId >
    < artifactId >spring-orm artifactId >
    < version >${org.springframework-version} version >
    < type >jar type >
    < scope >compile scope >
dependency >

 

 

Recommended Book: Maven: The Definitive Guide

 

 

 

Dependencies for Struts framework:

 

< dependency >
    < groupId >org.apache.struts groupId >
    < artifactId >struts2-core artifactId >
    < version >${org.strutsframework-version} version >
dependency >

< dependency >
    < groupId >org.apache.struts groupId >
    < artifactId >struts2-spring-plugin artifactId >
    < version >${org.strutsframework-version} version >
dependency >

Dependencies for Hibernate ORM framework:

 

< dependency >
    < groupId >org.hibernate groupId >
    < artifactId >hibernate-core artifactId >
    < version >${org.hibernateframework-version} version >
dependency >

Dependency for Apache Commons DBCP (database connection pooling):

 

< dependency >
    < groupId >org.apache.commons groupId >
    < artifactId >commons-dbcp2 artifactId >
    < version >2.0 version >
dependency >

Dependency for MySQL Connector-Java library:

 

< dependency >
    < groupId >mysql groupId >
    < artifactId >mysql-connector-java artifactId >
    < version >${org.mysqlconnector-version} version >
dependency >

For the complete content of Maven configuration file, look for the pom.xml file in the attached project.

 

 

 

3. Coding and Mapping Model Class

Create a POJO class (Product.java) to model the product table in the database:

 

/**
 * Copyright CodeJava.net To Present
 * All rights reserved.
 */
package net.codejava.framework.model;

public class Product {
    private long id;
    private String name;
    private String description;
    private float price;

    public long getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId( long id) {
        this .id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this .name = name;
    }

    public String getDescription() {
        return description;
    }

    public void setDescription(String description) {
        this .description = description;
    }

    public float getPrice() {
        return price;
    }

    public void setPrice( float price) {
        this .price = price;
    }
}

And here’s its mapping class (Product.hbm.xml):

 

xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?>

        "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
        "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
< hibernate-mapping package = "net.codejava.framework.model" >
    < class name = "Product" table = "PRODUCT" >
        < id name = "id" column = "PRODUCT_ID" >
            < generator class = "native" />
        id >
        < property name = "name" />
        < property name = "description" />
        < property name = "price" />
    class >
hibernate-mapping >

This is a pretty simple XML mapping file which tells Hibernate how to map the above POJO class with the table in the database.

 

 

 

4. Coding DAO Classes

Because our application has only function - list all products - hence the following DAO interface (ProductDAO.java):

 

/**
 * Copyright CodeJava.net To Present
 * All rights reserved.
 */
package net.codejava.framework.dao;

import java.util.List;

import net.codejava.framework.model.Product;

public interface ProductDAO {
    List list();
}

And the following code is for the implementation class (ProductDAOImpl.java):

 

/**
 * Copyright CodeJava.net To Present
 * All rights reserved.
 */
package net.codejava.framework.dao;

import java.util.List;

import javax.transaction.Transactional;

import org.hibernate.Criteria;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;

import net.codejava.framework.model.Product;

public class ProductDAOImpl  implements ProductDAO {
    private SessionFactory sessionFactory;

    public ProductDAOImpl(SessionFactory sessionFactory) {
        this .sessionFactory = sessionFactory;
    }

    @Override
    @Transactional
    public List list() {
        @SuppressWarnings ( "unchecked" )
        List listProduct = (List)
            sessionFactory.getCurrentSession().createCriteria(Product. class )
                .setResultTransformer(Criteria.DISTINCT_ROOT_ENTITY)
                .list();
        return listProduct;
    }
}

As you can see, the list() method simply returns a list of products from the database through the SessionFactorywhich is injected via constructor by Spring.

 

 

 

5. Coding Struts Action Class

Now, create a class that acts as a Struts action (ListProductAction.java) with the following code:

 

/**
 * Copyright CodeJava.net To Present
 * All rights reserved.
 */
package net.codejava.framework.action;

import java.util.List;

import net.codejava.framework.dao.ProductDAO;
import net.codejava.framework.model.Product;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;

public class ListProductAction  extends ActionSupport {
    private ProductDAO productDAO;
    private List listProduct;

    public void setProductDAO(ProductDAO productDAO) {
        this .productDAO = productDAO;
    }

    public String execute() {
        listProduct = productDAO.list();
        return SUCCESS;
    }

    public List getListProduct() {
        return listProduct;
    }
}

The action method execute() invokes the ProductDAO to retrieve a list of products which is used by the view (JSP) via the getter method getListProduct(). Spring will inject an instance of ProductDAO via setter method setProductDAO().

 

 

 

Recommended Book: Struts 2 in Action

 

 

 

So far we have done all the Java code parts. Now it’s time to make configurations to wire the pieces of Struts, Spring and Hibernate together.

 

 

 

6. Coding View Page

Create a JSP file called ProductList.jsp under the /WEB-INF/views directory (create the views directory first) with the following code:

 

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags" %>

    "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
< html >
< head >
< meta http-equiv = "Content-Type" content = "text/html; charset=UTF-8" >
< title >Product List title >
head >
< body >
    < div align = "center" >
        < table width = "80%" border = "1" style = "border-collapse: collapse;" >
            < tr >
                < th >No th >
                < th >Product Name th >
                < th >Description th >
                < th >Price th >
            tr >
            < s:iterator value = "listProduct" status = "stat" >
                < tr >
                    < td >< s:property value = "#stat.count" /> td >
                    < td >< s:property value = "name" /> td >
                    < td >< s:property value = "description" /> td >
                    < td >< s:property value = "price" /> td >
                tr >
            s:iterator >
        table >
    div >
body >
html >

This page simply uses Struts tag to iterate over the collection of products and display result in an HTML table.

 

 

 

7. Configuring Web Deployment Descriptor (web.xml)

Configure Struts and Spring in the web.xml file as follows:

 

xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?>
< web-app xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns = "http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee
        http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"
    id = "WebApp_ID" version = "3.1" >

    < display-name >Struts2Spring4Hibernate4XML display-name >

    < context-param >
        < param-name >contextConfigLocation param-name >
        < param-value >/WEB-INF/spring/appContext.xml param-value >
    context-param >

    < listener >
        < listener-class >org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener listener-class >
    listener >

    < filter >
        < filter-name >DispatcherFilter filter-name >
        < filter-class >org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter filter-class >
    filter >

    < filter-mapping >
        < filter-name >DispatcherFilter filter-name >
        < url-pattern >/* url-pattern >
    filter-mapping >
web-app >

Here, Struts is configured as the dispatcher servlet in order to intercept all requests coming to the application, whereas Spring is configured as a context listener which is responsible for managing beans and injecting dependencies.

 

 

 

8. Configuring Hibernate framework

Create an XML file called hibernate.cfg.xml under the source directory with the following content:

 

xml version = '1.0' encoding = 'utf-8' ?>

        "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
        "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
< hibernate-configuration >
  < session-factory >
    < property name = "dialect" >org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect property >
    < property name = "show_sql" >true property >
    < mapping resource = "net/codejava/framework/model/Product.hbm.xml" />
  session-factory >
hibernate-configuration >

In this Hibernate configuration file, we simply specify the database dialect is MySQL and tell Hibernate where to look for the mapping file.

 

 

 

If you are new to Hibernate and want to learn more, read this book: Hibernate Made Easy: Simplified Data Persistence with Hibernate and JPA (Java Persistence API) Annotations

 

 

 

9. Configuring Struts framework

On the Struts side, create an XML file called struts.xml under the source folder and put the following code:

 

xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?>

    "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
    "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">

< struts >
    < package name = "Struts2Spring4Hibernate4Demo" extends = "struts-default" >

        < action name = "listProduct" class = "listProductActionBean" >
            < result name = "success" >/WEB-INF/views/ProductList.jsp result >
        action >

    package >
struts >

Here, we declare an action mapping to handle the URL /listProduct. Note that the action class is now pointing to name of a bean managed by Spring - listProductActionBean.

 

We also configure mapping for the SUCCESS view that points to the ProductList.jsp page.

 

 

 

Struts 2 for Beginners, 3rd Edition: this book helps you come up to speed as quickly as possible with using the Struts 2 framework. It is the latest book about Struts 2 to date.

 

 

 

10. Configuring Spring framework

On the Spring side, create an XML file called appContext.xml under the /WEB-INF/spring directory (create the springdirectory first). Put the following XML code:

 

xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?>
< beans xmlns = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:tx = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd">

    < bean id = "listProductActionBean" class = "net.codejava.framework.action.ListProductAction" >
        < property name = "productDAO" ref = "productDAO" />
    bean >

    < bean id = "productDAO" class = "net.codejava.framework.dao.ProductDAOImpl" >
        < constructor-arg >
            < ref bean = "sessionFactory" />
        constructor-arg >
    bean >

    < bean id = "sessionFactory"
        class = "org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.LocalSessionFactoryBean" >
        < property name = "dataSource" ref = "dataSource" />
        < property name = "configLocation" value = "classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />
    bean >

    < bean id = "dataSource" class = "org.apache.commons.dbcp2.BasicDataSource"
        destroy-method = "close" >
        < property name = "driverClassName" value = "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" />
        < property name = "url" value = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/productsdb" />
        < property name = "username" value = "root" />
        < property name = "password" value = "P@ssw0rd" />
    bean >

    < tx:annotation-driven />

    < bean id = "transactionManager"
        class = "org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.HibernateTransactionManager" >
        < property name = "sessionFactory" ref = "sessionFactory" />
    bean >
beans >

From top to bottom, we declare the listProductActionBean which is the Struts action. Then productDAO bean is declared and injected to the listProductActionBean.

 

The productDAO requires a SessionFactory so we declare a SessionFactory bean next. In turn, the SessionFactoryrequires a DataSource so next we declare a BasicDataSource bean which simply contains parameters for database connection.

 

Finally we declare a TransactionManager on top of the SessionFactory in order to facilitate transaction management services for the productDAO bean.

 

 

 

Spring MVC: Beginner's Guide - This book helps beginners get started with the Spring MVC framework instantly. It is a thorough introduction and reference on Spring MVC framework.

 

 

 

11. Final Project Structure

Hurray! We have done all the heavy stuff of Java code and XML configuration. Looking back, we have the following project structure: