JSP这门技术的最大的特点在于，写jsp就像在写html，但它相比html而言，html只能为用户提供静态数据，而Jsp技术允许在页面中嵌套java代码，为用户提供动态数据。
JSP原理
Web服务器是如何调用并执行一个jsp页面的？
浏览器向服务器发请求，不管访问的是什么资源，其实都是在访问Servlet，所以当访问一个jsp页面时，其实也是在访问一个Servlet，服务器在执行jsp的时候，首先把jsp翻译成一个Servlet，所以我们访问jsp时，其实不是在访问jsp，而是在访问jsp翻译过后的那个Servlet，例如下面的代码：
index.jsp
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
%>
First Jsp
<%
out.print("Hello Jsp");
%>
当我们通过浏览器访问index.jsp时，服务器首先将index.jsp翻译成一个index_jsp.class，在Tomcat服务器的 work\Catalina\localhost\项目名\org\apache\jsp目录下可以看到index_jsp.class的源代码文件 index_jsp.java
index_jsp.java的代码如下：
package org.apache.jsp;
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
import javax.servlet.jsp.*;
import java.util.*;
public final class index_jsp extends org.apache.jasper.runtime.HttpJspBase
implements org.apache.jasper.runtime.JspSourceDependent {
private static final JspFactory _jspxFactory = JspFactory.getDefaultFactory();
private static java.util.List _jspx_dependants;
private javax.el.ExpressionFactory _el_expressionfactory;
private org.apache.AnnotationProcessor _jsp_annotationprocessor;
public Object getDependants() {
return _jspx_dependants;
}
public void _jspInit() {
_el_expressionfactory = _jspxFactory.getJspApplicationContext(getServletConfig().getServletContext()).getExpressionFactory();
_jsp_annotationprocessor = (org.apache.AnnotationProcessor) getServletConfig().getServletContext().getAttribute(org.apache.AnnotationProcessor.class.getName());
}
public void _jspDestroy() {
}
public void _jspService(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws java.io.IOException, ServletException {
PageContext pageContext = null;
HttpSession session = null;
ServletContext application = null;
ServletConfig config = null;
JspWriter out = null;
Object page = this;
JspWriter _jspx_out = null;
PageContext _jspx_page_context = null;
try {
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
pageContext = _jspxFactory.getPageContext(this, request, response,
null, true, 8192, true);
_jspx_page_context = pageContext;
application = pageContext.getServletContext();
config = pageContext.getServletConfig();
session = pageContext.getSession();
out = pageContext.getOut();
_jspx_out = out;
out.write('\r');
out.write('\n');
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
out.write("\r\n");
out.write("\r\n");
out.write("\r\n");
out.write("\r\n");
out.write(" \r\n");
out.write(" First Jsp \r\n");
out.write("\t\r\n");
out.write(" \r\n");
out.write(" \r\n");
out.write(" \r\n");
out.write(" ");
out.print("Hello Jsp");
out.write("\r\n");
out.write(" \r\n");
out.write("\r\n");
} catch (Throwable t) {
if (!(t instanceof SkipPageException)){
out = _jspx_out;
if (out != null && out.getBufferSize() != 0)
try { out.clearBuffer(); } catch (java.io.IOException e) {}
if (_jspx_page_context != null) _jspx_page_context.handlePageException(t);
}
} finally {
_jspxFactory.releasePageContext(_jspx_page_context);
}
}
}
我们可以看到，index_jsp这个类是继承 org.apache.jasper.runtime.HttpJspBase这个类的，通过查看Tomcat服务器的源代码，可以知道在 apache-tomcat-6.0.20-src\java\org\apache\jasper\runtime目录下存HttpJspBase这个类的源代码文件
我们可以看看HttpJsBase这个类的源代码，如下所示：
/*
* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
* contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
* this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
* The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
* (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
* the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package org.apache.jasper.runtime;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.jsp.HttpJspPage;
import javax.servlet.jsp.JspFactory;
import org.apache.jasper.compiler.Localizer;
/**
* This is the super class of all JSP-generated servlets.
*
* @author Anil K. Vijendran
*/
public abstract class HttpJspBase
extends HttpServlet
implements HttpJspPage
{
protected HttpJspBase() {
}
public final void init(ServletConfig config)
throws ServletException n
{
super.init(config);
jspInit();
_jspInit();
}
public String getServletInfo() {
return Localizer.getMessage("jsp.engine.info");
}
public final void destroy() {
jspDestroy();
_jspDestroy();
}
/**
* Entry point into service.
*/
public final void service(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException
{
_jspService(request, response);
}
public void jspInit() {
}
public void _jspInit() {
}
public void jspDestroy() {
}
protected void _jspDestroy() {
}
public abstract void _jspService(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException;
}
HttpJspBase类是继承HttpServlet的，所以HttpJspBase类是一个Servlet，而index_jsp又是继承HttpJspBase类的，所以index_jsp类也是一个Servlet，所以当浏览器访问服务器上的index.jsp页面时，其实就是在访问index_jsp这个Servlet，index_jsp这个Servlet使用_jspService这个方法处理请求。
Jsp页面中的html排版标签是如何被发送到客户端的？
浏览器接收到的这些数据
First Jsp
Hello Jsp
都是在_jspService方法中使用如下的代码输出给浏览器的：
out.write('\r');
out.write('\n');
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
out.write("\r\n");
out.write("\r\n");
out.write("\r\n");
out.write("\r\n");
out.write(" \r\n");
out.write(" First Jsp \r\n");
out.write("\t\r\n");
out.write(" \r\n");
out.write(" \r\n");
out.write(" \r\n");
out.write(" ");
out.print("Hello Jsp");
out.write("\r\n");
out.write(" \r\n");
out.write("\r\n");
在jsp中编写的java代码和html代码都会被翻译到_jspService方法中去，在jsp中编写的java代码会原封不动地翻译成java代码，如<%out.print("Hello Jsp");%>直接翻译成out.print("Hello Jsp");，而HTML代码则会翻译成使用out.write("
Jsp页面中的java代码服务器是如何执行的？
在jsp中编写的java代码会被翻译到_jspService方法中去，当执行_jspService方法处理请求时，就会执行在jsp编写的java代码了，所以Jsp页面中的java代码服务器是通过调用_jspService方法处理请求时执行的。
Web服务器在调用jsp时，会给jsp提供一些什么java对象？、
查看_jspService方法可以看到，Web服务器在调用jsp时，会给Jsp提供如下的8个java对象
PageContext pageContext; HttpSession session; ServletContext application; ServletConfig config; JspWriter out; Object page = this; HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response
其中page对象，request和response已经完成了实例化，而其它5个没有实例化的对象通过下面的方式实例化
pageContext = _jspxFactory.getPageContext(this, request, response,null, true, 8192, true); application = pageContext.getServletContext(); config = pageContext.getServletConfig(); session = pageContext.getSession(); out = pageContext.getOut();
这8个java对象在Jsp页面中是可以直接使用的，如下所示：
<%
session.setAttribute("name", "session对象");//使用session对象,设置session对象的属性
out.print(session.getAttribute("name")+"
");//获取session对象的属性
pageContext.setAttribute("name", "pageContext对象");//使用pageContext对象,设置pageContext对象的属性
out.print(pageContext.getAttribute("name")+"
");//获取pageContext对象的属性
application.setAttribute("name", "application对象");//使用application对象,设置application对象的属性
out.print(application.getAttribute("name")+"
");//获取application对象的属性
out.print("Hello Jsp"+"
");//使用out对象
out.print("服务器调用index.jsp页面时翻译成的类的名字是："+page.getClass()+"
");//使用page对象
out.print("处理请求的Servlet的名字是："+config.getServletName()+"
");//使用config对象
out.print(response.getContentType()+"
");//使用response对象
out.print(request.getContextPath()+"
");//使用request对象
%>
Tomcat服务器的执行流程
第一次执行：
客户端通过电脑连接服务器，因为是请求是动态的，所以所有的请求交给WEB容器来处理
在容器中找到需要执行的*.jsp文件
之后*.jsp文件通过转换变为*.java文件
*.java文件经过编译后，形成*.class文件
最终服务器要执行形成的*.class文件
第二次执行：
因为已经存在了*.class文件，所以不在需要转换和编译的过程
修改后执行：
1.源文件已经被修改过了，所以需要重新转换，重新编译。