FluorineFX的验证(Authentication)与授权(Authorization)

一些基本概念:

验证(Authentication)指的是确定用户身份的过程,而授权(Authorization)指的是经过上面的过程之后给予用户访问特定资源的权限;说明白一点,验证就是知道"你是谁",而授权则是"让你可以做什么"

.NET为实现这两个过程提供了Principal和Identity对象。其中,基于角色的安全性基础建立在Principal对象之上,该对象封装了当前用户的信息,既包含用户身份,也包含他所扮演的角色;用户身份用Identity对象来指明,Identity对象中不仅包含指定的用户身份信息(用户名称或账号),还包括了"如何验证这一身份"的方法

Identity对象是实现了IIdentity接口的类的实例。IIdentity接口包括三个只读属性:

string AuthenticationType(get;} 获取所使用的身份验证的类型
bool IsAuthenticated{get;} 登录用户是否经过验证
string Name {get;} 获取当前用户的名称

GenericIdentity类

GenericIdentity类其实相当简单,它并不与任何特定的验证协议相关联。因此,它往往被用在采用了自定义登陆机制的场合。比如一个程序可以自己提示用户输入用户名和密码,然后到自定义的用户数据库中去查询。假如用户名和密码有效,那么程序就会创建一个基于数据库中的匹配记录的principal和(对应的)identity对象。

GenericIdentity类除了三个IIdentity接口定义的属性之外没有更多的东西了。不过,GenericIdentity类提供了两个构造函数。一个构造函数接受一个字符串参数,该参数指定的是用户名;另一个构造函数接受两个参数:第一个是用户名字符串,第二个是给定的验证类型字符串。
public GenericIdentity(string name);
public GenericIdentity(string name, string type);

Principal对象是实现了IPrincipal接口的类的实例,这些对象用来表示用户,并且包括了用户的身份信息。System.Security.Principal命名空间包括了几种类型的Principal类,这些类中封装了程序代码运行的的安全环境(security context)

对于每一个线程来说都与一个principal对象相关联。这个principal对象包括了表示运行当前线程的用户的identity对象。我们可以利用Thread类的静态属性CurrentPrincipal来获得这个principal对象。

下面我们来看看IPrincipal接口,该接口只有一个Identity公共属性和IsInRole公共方法:

1、Identity属性指向一个与principal 对象关联的IIdentity对象。

2、IsInRole方法需要一个字符串参数,该字符串是一个角色的名称,并且返回布尔值,指出principal对象是否属于指定的角色。

GenericPrincipal类

GenericPrincipal类用来表示一个通过自定义验证的用户,通常与GenericIdentity类一起使用。下面是一段简单的程序,说明了这两个类如何使用:
//创建一个GenericIdentity对象
IIdentity myGenericIdentity = new GenericIdentity(strUserName, "MyAuthenticationType");

//创建一个GenericPrincipal对象
String[] roles = null;
GenericPrincipal myGenericPrincipal = new GenericPrincipal(myGenericIdentity, roles);

//将创建的GenericPrincipal对象附加到当前线程上
Thread.CurrentPrincipal = myGenericPrincipal;

注重在上面的例子中,我们可以把MyAuthenticationType的验证类型换成熟知的Kerberos身份验证或者NTLM身份验证。

//下面是验证的过程:
//取得当前线程的principal对象
IPrincipal principal = Thread.CurrentPrincipal;

if (!principal.Identity.Name.Equals("TrustedUser"))
{
throw new SecurityException(
strUserName + " NOT PERMITTED to proceed.\n");
}
Console.WriteLine(
strUserName + " is PERMITTED to proceed.\n");

step 1: 自定义一个MyLoginCommand类并继承于FluorineFx.Security.GenericLoginCommand(此类实现了ILoginCommand接口)基类,并重写DoAuthentication方法

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
using System.Collections;
using System.Security.Principal;
using FluorineFx.Security;
namespace ServiceLibrary8
{
    public class MyLoginCommand : GenericLoginCommand
    {
        public override IPrincipal DoAuthentication(string username, Hashtable credentials)
        {
            string password = credentials["password"].ToString();
            if (username == "admin" && password == "admin")
            {
                GenericIdentity identity = new GenericIdentity(username);
                GenericPrincipal principal = new GenericPrincipal(identity, new string[] { "admin", "privilegeduser" });
                return principal;
            }
            else
            {
               //To get this error message  as  "faultString" thow a SecurityException with the message
 
               //However the first CommandMessage will mess up the result (faultString>faultDetail), and only for subsequent RemotingMessages will work.
 
               //throw new SecurityException("Not a valid username or password");
 
                return null;
            }
        }
    }
}

step 2: 定义一个远程服务接口MyLoginService

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
using FluorineFx;
namespace ServiceLibrary8
{
   /// <summary>
 
   /// MyLoginService  is  used to force setCredentials sending out credentials
 
   /// For Flash this  is  also used to log out.
 
   /// MyLoginService被用来强制使得(Flex的)setCredentials发送验证信息
 
   /// 对于flash它也可以用来实现注销登录
 
   /// </summary>
 
    [RemotingService]
    public class MyLoginService
    {
        public MyLoginService()
        {
        }
        public bool Login()
        {
            return true;
        }
        public bool Logout()
        {
           //FormsAuthentication.SignOut();
            new MyLoginCommand().Logout(null);
            return true;
        }
    }
}

step 3: 定义实际业务操作类SecureService(经过验证后才能访问到的类)

using System;
using FluorineFx;
namespace ServiceLibrary8
{
   /// <summary>
 
   /// Summary description for SecureService
 
   /// </summary>
 
    [RemotingService()]
    public class SecureService
    {
        public SecureService()
        {
        }
        public string GetSecureData()
        {
            return "Secure data sent from server.";
        }
    }
}

step 4: 配置services-config.xml,确保有以下节点内容:

<security-constraint id="privileged-users">
 <auth-method>Custom</auth-method>
 <roles>
  <role>admin</role>
  <role>privilegeduser</role>
 </roles>
</security-constraint>
<login-command class="ServiceLibrary8.MyLoginCommand" server="asp.net"/>

step 5: 配置remoting-config.xml,确保有以下节点内容:

<destination id="fluorine">
  <properties>
    <source>*</source>
  </properties>
  <security>
    <security-constraint ref="privileged-users"/>
  </security>
</destination>
<destination id="login">
  <properties>
    <source>ServiceLibrary8.MyLoginService</source>
  </properties>
</destination>

step 6: 新建Flex项目,并编写如下代码:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<mx:Application xmlns:mx="http://www.adobe.com/2006/mxml" layout="absolute">
  <mx:Script>
    <![CDATA[
     import mx.rpc.events.ResultEvent;
     import mx.utils.ObjectUtil;
     import mx.controls.Alert;
     import mx.rpc.events.FaultEvent;
 
     /* Call the login service*/
     private function logIn():void
     {  
        //use remote object method setCredentials to
        //enable Flex to send the values required 
  loginRO.logout();
          loginRO.setCredentials(username.text, password.text);
      loginRO.Login();
     }
 
     /*Call logout*/
     private function logOut():void
     {  
  loginRO.logout();
          appViews.selectedChild = loginView;
     }
     private function getSecureData():void
     {  
      fluorineRO.GetSecureData();
     }
     /* Display error messages returned */
     private function serverFault(event:FaultEvent):void
     {
         Alert.show( ObjectUtil.toString(event.fault.faultString), "Error", mx.controls.Alert.OK );
     }
      
     private function loginResult(event:ResultEvent):void
     {
  var result:Boolean = event.result  as  Boolean;
          appViews.selectedChild = secureView;
          }
      
     private function loginFault(event:FaultEvent):void
     {
          //Alert.show("Authentication failed", "Errors", mx.controls.Alert.OK);
          Alert.show( ObjectUtil.toString(event.fault), "Authentication failed" );
     }
      
     private function getSecureDataResult(event:ResultEvent):void
     {
  var result:String = event.result  as  String;
          Alert.show(result, "Secure data", mx.controls.Alert.OK);
           }
    ]]>
  </mx:Script>
  <mx:ViewStack id="appViews" width="100%" height="100%">
  <!--login view-->
    <mx:HBox horizontalAlign="center" verticalAlign="middle" id="loginView" width="100%" height="100%">
      <mx:Panel title="Login" id="loginPanel" horizontalScrollPolicy="off" verticalScrollPolicy="off">
        <mx:Form id="loginForm">
          <mx:FormItem label="Username:">
            <mx:TextInput id="username"/>
          </mx:FormItem>
          <mx:FormItem label="Password:">
            <mx:TextInput id="password"  displayAsPassword="true"/>
          </mx:FormItem>
        </mx:Form>
        <mx:ControlBar>
          <mx:Spacer width="100%" id="spacer1"/>
          <mx:Button label="Login" id="loginButton"
              enabled="{(username.text.length == 0 || password.text.length == 0) ? false : true}"
              toolTip="{loginButton.enabled == true ? 'Click to submit' : 'Enter username and password'}" 
              click="logIn()" />
        </mx:ControlBar>
      </mx:Panel>
    </mx:HBox>
  <!--end loginView-->
  <!--secure area view, made visible after a successful login-->
    <mx:HBox id="secureView" width="100%" height="100%">
      <mx:ApplicationControlBar dock="true" paddingTop="0" paddingBottom="0" width="100%" >
        <mx:Label text="Action:" />
        <mx:Spacer width="5"/>
        <mx:Button label="Get" click="getSecureData()"/>
        <mx:Spacer width="5"/>
        <mx:Button label="Logout" click="logOut()"/>
      </mx:ApplicationControlBar>
    </mx:HBox>
  <!--end secure area view-->
  </mx:ViewStack>
  <mx:RemoteObject id="loginRO" destination="login">
    <mx:method name="Login" result="loginResult(event)" fault="loginFault(event)" />
  </mx:RemoteObject>
  <mx:RemoteObject id="fluorineRO" destination="fluorine" source="ServiceLibrary8.SecureService">
    <mx:method name="GetSecureData" result="getSecureDataResult(event)" fault="serverFault(event)" />
  </mx:RemoteObject>
 
</mx:Application>

运行项目,只有用"admin"账户成功登陆,才能访问到来自SecureService的数据

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