canvas的常用功能(电脑版)

前言:

  canvas可以单独算为前端的一大知识模块, 今天就研究一下.

  先做下前文铺垫:

    ①创建canvas

<canvas id="myCanvas" width="200" height="100" style="border:1px solid #000000;">canvas>

    ②获取canvas

    var cavs = document.getElementById("cavs");           //获取canvas
    var ctx = cavs.getContext("2d");                     //可以理解为生成一个2d画笔
        ctx.moveTo(100, 100);                           //落笔点
        ctx.lineTo(200, 200);                          //结束点

    ③常用样式

         ctx.strokeStyle = "#f00"                 //线条的颜色2
         ctx.lineWidth = 10;                    //线条粗细

    ④绘制线条

      ctx.stroke();            //绘制线条

    ⑤填充图案

     ctx.fillStyle = "yellow";            //填充颜色
     ctx.fill(); //进行填充

    ⑥开始结束

         ctx.beginPath();    //开始
         ctx.closePath();    //结束

    ⑦其他

         var img = ctx.getImageData(x, y, width, height);     //截取canvas中图案
         ctx.putImageData(img, width, height)            //将img放到canvas中
         ctx.clearRect(x,y,canvas.width,canvas.height)         //清除画布

 

正文:

  说再多也没用, 最终还是进行实战, 终于进入正文了;

  HTML部分

<div class="wrapper">
    <canvas id="cavs" width="1000" height="500">canvas>
    <ul class="btn-list">
        <li><input type="color" id="colorBoard">li>
        <li><input type="button" id="cleanBoard" value="清屏">li>
        <li><input type="button" id="eraser" value="橡皮">li>
        <li><input type="button" id="rescind" value="撤销">li>
        <li><input type="range" id="lineRuler" value="线条" min="1" max="30">li>
    ul>
div>

  css部分

*{
  padding: 0;
  margin: 0;
}
.wrapper{
  margin: 15px;
}
.wrapper canvas{
  border:1px solid #000;
  border-radius: 25px;
  box-shadow:10px 10px 5px #999;
  margin-bottom: 20px;
}
.wrapper ul{
  width: 1000px;
  text-align: center;
}
.wrapper ul li{
  display: inline-block;
  margin-left: 40px;
}
.wrapper ul li input{
  display: block;
  background: #ddd;
  color: #000;
  border-radius: 25px;
  border:none;
  padding: 10px 20px;
  font-size: 15px;
  transition-duration: 0.2s;
}
.wrapper ul li input:hover{
  background: #999;
  border: 1px solid #f00;
  box-shadow: 0 12px 16px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.3);
}

  js部分

function ID(str) {
  return document.getElementById(str);
}

var darwingLineObj = {
  cavs:this.ID("canvas"),
  color:this.ID("color"),
  clear:this.ID("clear"),
  eraser:this.ID("eraser"),
  rescind:this.ID("rescind"),
  weight:this.ID("weight"),
  bool:false,
  arrImg:[],
  //初始化
  init:function(){
    this.draw();
  },
  draw:function(){ 
    var cavs = this.cavs,
        self = this,
        ctx = cavs.getContext("2d");
        ctx.lineWidth = 15;
        ctx.lineCap = "round";          //线条始终的样式
        ctx.lineJoin = "round";         //转弯的圆角

    var c_x = cavs.offsetLeft,          //元素距离左侧的位置
        c_y = cavs.offsetTop;           //canvas距离顶部
        

    cavs.onmousedown = function(e){
      e = e || window.event;
      self.bool = true;
      var m_x = e.pageX - c_x;
      var m_y = e.pageY - c_y;
      ctx.beginPath();
      ctx.moveTo(m_x,m_y);   //鼠标在画布上的触点

      var imgData = ctx.getImageData(0, 0, cavs.width, cavs.height);  //将每次画完拷贝到数组中
      self.arrImg.push(imgData);
    }

    cavs.onmousemove = function(e){
        if(self.bool){
          ctx.lineTo(e.pageX-c_x, e.pageY-c_y);
          ctx.stroke();
        }
      }

    cavs.onmouseup = function(e){
      self.bool = false;
      ctx.closePath();
    }

    self.color.onchange = function(e){      //设置颜色
      e = e || window.event;
      //console.log(e.target.value)
      ctx.strokeStyle = e.target.value;
    }

    self.clear.onclick = function(){
      ctx.clearRect(0,0,cavs.width,cavs.height)
    }

    self.eraser.onclick = function(){
      ctx.strokeStyle = "#fff";
    }

    self.rescind.onclick = function(){            //撤销的重点难点
      if (self.arrImg.length>0) {
        ctx.putImageData(self.arrImg.pop(),0,0)
      }
    }

    self.weight.onchange = function(e){       //设置线条粗细
      //console.log(e.target.value)
      ctx.lineWidth = e.target.value;     
    }

   }//draw end

}

darwingLineObj.init();

 

结语:

  本文还有不足之处, 欢迎大家指正.

声明:

  参考: 渡一教育

 

 

 

    

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