Android事件传递机制

Android事件传递机制一直都是一个痛点,希望这篇文章能够给你点不一样的

基础知识—>源码分析—>进阶—>应用场景

基础知识

触摸事件对应MotionEvent类,三种事件类型:ACTION_DOWN,ACTOIN_MOVE,ACTION_UP

事件传递的三个阶段:

  • 分发(Dispatch)

    方法:public boolean dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev)

  • 拦截(Intercept)

    方法:public boolean onInterceptTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev)

  • 消费(Consume)

    方法:public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent event)

Android中拥有事件处理能力的类有3种:

dispatchTouchEvent onInterceptTouchEvent onTouchEvent
Activity ⭕️ ⭕️
ViewGroup ⭕️ ⭕️ ⭕️
View ⭕️ ⭕️

正常状态下事件传递机制如下图(以下仅针对ACTION_DOWN事件):

ViewDispatch_1

关于上图有几点说明(仅针对ACTION_DOWN事件的传递):

  • dispatchTouchEventonTouchEvent 一旦return true,终结事件传递;

  • dispatchTouchEventonTouchEvent return false,事件都回传给父控件的onTouchEvent处理。

    dispatchTouchEvent 返回值为 false,意味着事件停止往子View分发,并往父控件回溯

    onTouchEvent 返回值为 false,意味着不消费事件,并往父控件回溯

  • return super.xxxxxx() 就会让事件依照U型的方向的完整走完整个事件流动路径

    ViewGroupdispatchTouchEvent方法返回super的时候,默认调用onInterceptTouchEvent

  • **onInterceptTouchEvent return true时, 拦截事件并交由自己的onTouchEvent处理 **

    onInterceptTouchEvent return super和false, 不拦截事件,并将事件传递给子Viewsuper.onInterceptTouchEvent(ev)的默认实现返回值为false。

源码分析

知其然,还要知其所以然。通过源码分析,可能会更深刻的理解View的事件分发的真正原理。

Activity的事件分发机制

首先看一下Activity的dispatchTouchEvent源码:

/**
 * Called to process touch screen events.  You can override this to
 * intercept all touch screen events before they are dispatched to the
 * window.  Be sure to call this implementation for touch screen events
 * that should be handled normally.
 *
 * @param ev The touch screen event.
 *
 * @return boolean Return true if this event was consumed.
 */
public boolean dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev) {
    // 事件序列开始一般都是ACTION_DOWN,此处一般为true
    if (ev.getAction() == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN) {
        // 空方法,主要用于屏保
        onUserInteraction();
    }
    if (getWindow().superDispatchTouchEvent(ev)) {
        return true;
    }
    return onTouchEvent(ev);
}

上面这段代码,关键的就是:getWindow().superDispatchTouchEvent(ev)

Window是抽象类,PhoneWindowWindow的唯一实现类,WindowsuperDispatchTouchEvent(ev)是一个抽象方法,在PhoneWindow类中看一下superDispatchTouchEvent(ev)的实现:

@Override
public boolean superDispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {
  // mDecor是DecorView的实例, DecorView是视图的顶层view,继承自FrameLayout,是所有界面的父类
  return mDecor.superDispatchTouchEvent(event);
}

继续追踪一下mDecor.superDispatchTouchEvent(event)方法:

public boolean superDispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {
   // DecorView继承自FrameLayout,那么它的父类就是ViewGroup
   // 而super.dispatchTouchEvent(event)方法,其实就应该是ViewGroup的dispatchTouchEvent()
   return super.dispatchTouchEvent(event);
}

显然,当一个点击事件发生时,事件最先传到ActivitydispatchTouchEvent进行事件分发,最终是调用了ViewGroupdispatchTouchEvent方法, 这样事件就从Activity传递到了ViewGroup

ViewGroup的事件分发机制

  1. ViewGroup拦截事件

    ViewGroup的dispatchTouchEvent方法较长,分段进行说明。

    // Check for interception.
    final boolean intercepted;
    // 关注点1
    if (actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN || mFirstTouchTarget != null) {
        // 关注点2
        final boolean disallowIntercept = (mGroupFlags & FLAG_DISALLOW_INTERCEPT) != 0;
        if (!disallowIntercept) {
            intercepted = onInterceptTouchEvent(ev);
            ev.setAction(action); // restore action in case it was changed
        } else {
            intercepted = false;
        }
    } else {
        // There are no touch targets and this action is not an initial down
        // so this view group continues to intercept touches.
        intercepted = true;
    }
    
    • 关注点1: 当事件由ViewGroup子元素成功处理时,会被赋值并指向子元素,即ViewGroup不拦截事件并将事件交由子元素处理时,mFirstTouchTarget != null成立

    • 关注点2: FLAG_DISALLOW_INTERCEPT标记位,通过requestDisallowInterceptTouchEvent方法进行设置,一般用于子View中。

      FLAG_DISALLOW_INTERCEPT一旦设置之后,ViewGroup将无法拦截除ACTION_DOWN以外的其他点击事件。原因参见以下代码:

      // Handle an initial down.
      if (actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN) {
          // Throw away all previous state when starting a new touch gesture.
          // The framework may have dropped the up or cancel event for the previous gesture
          // due to an app switch, ANR, or some other state change.
          cancelAndClearTouchTargets(ev);
          resetTouchState();
      }
      

      ViewGroup会在ACTION_DOWN事件到来时做重置状态的操作。在resetTouchState方法中重置FLAG_DISALLOW_INTERCEPT标记位。因此,子View调用requestDisallowInterceptTouchEvent方法并不能影响ViewGroup对ACTION_DOWN事件的处理。

    • 结论:

      当ViewGroup决定拦截事件后,那么后续的点击事件将默认交给它处理并且不再调用它的onInterceptTouchEvent方法

      FLAG_DISALLOW_INTERCEPT标记位的作用是让ViewGroup不再拦截事件,前提是ViewGroup不拦截ACTION_DOWN事件

  2. ViewGroup不拦截事件

    ViewGroup不拦截事件的时候,事件会向下分发交由它的子View进行处理:

    final View[] children = mChildren;
    for (int i = childrenCount - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
        final int childIndex = getAndVerifyPreorderedIndex(
                childrenCount, i, customOrder);
        final View child = getAndVerifyPreorderedView(
                preorderedList, children, childIndex);
    
        // If there is a view that has accessibility focus we want it
        // to get the event first and if not handled we will perform a
        // normal dispatch. We may do a double iteration but this is
        // safer given the timeframe.
        if (childWithAccessibilityFocus != null) {
            if (childWithAccessibilityFocus != child) {
                continue;
            }
            childWithAccessibilityFocus = null;
            i = childrenCount - 1;
        }
        // 判断子元素能否接收到点击事件
        // 1. 子元素是否在播放动画
        // 2. 点击事件的坐标是否落在子元素区域内
        if (!canViewReceivePointerEvents(child)
                || !isTransformedTouchPointInView(x, y, child, null)) {
            ev.setTargetAccessibilityFocus(false);
            continue;
        }
    
        newTouchTarget = getTouchTarget(child);
        if (newTouchTarget != null) {
            // Child is already receiving touch within its bounds.
            // Give it the new pointer in addition to the ones it is handling.
            newTouchTarget.pointerIdBits |= idBitsToAssign;
            break;
        }
    
        resetCancelNextUpFlag(child);
        // 关注点1
        if (dispatchTransformedTouchEvent(ev, false, child, idBitsToAssign)) {
            // Child wants to receive touch within its bounds.
            mLastTouchDownTime = ev.getDownTime();
            if (preorderedList != null) {
                // childIndex points into presorted list, find original index
                for (int j = 0; j < childrenCount; j++) {
                    if (children[childIndex] == mChildren[j]) {
                        mLastTouchDownIndex = j;
                        break;
                    }
                }
            } else {
                mLastTouchDownIndex = childIndex;
            }
            mLastTouchDownX = ev.getX();
            mLastTouchDownY = ev.getY();
            // 关注点2
            newTouchTarget = addTouchTarget(child, idBitsToAssign);
            alreadyDispatchedToNewTouchTarget = true;
            break;
        }
    
        // The accessibility focus didn't handle the event, so clear
        // the flag and do a normal dispatch to all children.
        ev.setTargetAccessibilityFocus(false);
    }
    
    • 关注点1: dispatchTransformedTouchEvent实际上调用的就是子元素的dispatchTouchEvent方法:

      if (child == null) {
          handled = super.dispatchTouchEvent(event);
      } else {
          handled = child.dispatchTouchEvent(event);
      }
      
    • 关注点2: 当子元素的dispatchTouchEvent返回值为true时,mFirstTouchTarget就会被赋值,并跳出for循环,终止对子元素的遍历:

      newTouchTarget = addTouchTarget(child, idBitsToAssign);
      alreadyDispatchedToNewTouchTarget = true;
      

      mFirstTouchTarget被赋值是在addTouchTarget内部实现的:

      private TouchTarget addTouchTarget(@NonNull View child, int pointerIdBits) {
          final TouchTarget target = TouchTarget.obtain(child, pointerIdBits);
          target.next = mFirstTouchTarget;
          mFirstTouchTarget = target;
          return target;
      }
      

      可以看出,mFirstTouchTarget是一种单链表结构。mFirstTouchTarget是否被赋值将直接影响Viewgroup对事件的拦截策略。如果mFirstTouchTargetnull,ViewGroup默认拦截同一序列中的所有点击事件。

    • 关注点3: 当ViewGroup没有子元素,或者子元素的dispatchTouchEvent返回值为false,在这两种情况下,ViewGroup会自己处理点击事件:

      // Dispatch to touch targets.
      if (mFirstTouchTarget == null) {
          // No touch targets so treat this as an ordinary view.
          handled = dispatchTransformedTouchEvent(ev, canceled, null,
                  TouchTarget.ALL_POINTER_IDS);
      }
      

      dispatchTransformedTouchEvent的第三个参数childnull,从之前的分析可知,super.dispatchTouchEvent(event)会被调用。

View的事件分发机制

View的事件分发机制相对简单一些,先看它的dispatchTouchEvent方法:

public boolean dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {
    ...
    boolean result = false;
    ...
    if (onFilterTouchEventForSecurity(event)) {
        if ((mViewFlags & ENABLED_MASK) == ENABLED && handleScrollBarDragging(event)) {
            result = true;
        }
        //noinspection SimplifiableIfStatement
        ListenerInfo li = mListenerInfo;
        // 关注点1
        if (li != null && li.mOnTouchListener != null
                && (mViewFlags & ENABLED_MASK) == ENABLED
                && li.mOnTouchListener.onTouch(this, event)) {
            result = true;
        }

        if (!result && onTouchEvent(event)) {
            result = true;
        }
    }
    ...
    return result;
}

代码中可以看出,OnTouchListener优先级高于onTouchEvent

关注点1:View对点击事件的处理过程,三个判断条件,

  • li != null && li.mOnTouchListener != null: 判断是否设置了OnTouchListener
  • (mViewFlags & ENABLED_MASK) == ENABLED:判断当前点击的控件是否enable,很多View默认是enable的,因此该条件恒定为true
  • li.mOnTouchListener.onTouch(this, event):回调onTouch方法,如果返回值为true的话,上述三个条件全部成立,从而整个方法直接返回true;返回值为false的时候,就会去执行onTouchEvent(event)方法。

再看一下onTouchEvent的实现:

public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {
    ...
    // 不可用状态下的View照样会消耗点击事件
    if ((viewFlags & ENABLED_MASK) == DISABLED) {
        if (action == MotionEvent.ACTION_UP && (mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_PRESSED) != 0) {
            setPressed(false);
        }
        // A disabled view that is clickable still consumes the touch
        // events, it just doesn't respond to them.
        return (((viewFlags & CLICKABLE) == CLICKABLE
                || (viewFlags & LONG_CLICKABLE) == LONG_CLICKABLE)
                || (viewFlags & CONTEXT_CLICKABLE) == CONTEXT_CLICKABLE);
    }
    if (mTouchDelegate != null) {
        if (mTouchDelegate.onTouchEvent(event)) {
            return true;
        }
    }

    if (((viewFlags & CLICKABLE) == CLICKABLE ||
            (viewFlags & LONG_CLICKABLE) == LONG_CLICKABLE) ||
            (viewFlags & CONTEXT_CLICKABLE) == CONTEXT_CLICKABLE) {
        switch (action) {
            case MotionEvent.ACTION_UP:
                boolean prepressed = (mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_PREPRESSED) != 0;
                if ((mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_PRESSED) != 0 || prepressed) {
                    // take focus if we don't have it already and we should in
                    // touch mode.
                    boolean focusTaken = false;
                    if (isFocusable() && isFocusableInTouchMode() && !isFocused()) {
                        focusTaken = requestFocus();
                    }

                    if (prepressed) {
                        // The button is being released before we actually
                        // showed it as pressed.  Make it show the pressed
                        // state now (before scheduling the click) to ensure
                        // the user sees it.
                        setPressed(true, x, y);
                   }

                    if (!mHasPerformedLongPress && !mIgnoreNextUpEvent) {
                        // This is a tap, so remove the longpress check
                        removeLongPressCallback();

                        // Only perform take click actions if we were in the pressed state
                        if (!focusTaken) {
                            // Use a Runnable and post this rather than calling
                            // performClick directly. This lets other visual state
                            // of the view update before click actions start.
                            if (mPerformClick == null) {
                                mPerformClick = new PerformClick();
                            }
                            if (!post(mPerformClick)) {
                                // 关注点1
                                performClick();
                            }
                        }
                    }

                    if (mUnsetPressedState == null) {
                        mUnsetPressedState = new UnsetPressedState();
                    }

                    if (prepressed) {
                        postDelayed(mUnsetPressedState,
                                ViewConfiguration.getPressedStateDuration());
                    } else if (!post(mUnsetPressedState)) {
                        // If the post failed, unpress right now
                        mUnsetPressedState.run();
                    }

                    removeTapCallback();
                }
                mIgnoreNextUpEvent = false;
                break;

            case MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN:
                ...
                break;
            case MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL:
                ...
                break;
            case MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE:
                ...
                break;
        }
        return true;
    }

    return false;
}
  • 关注点1: 当ACTION_UP事件发生时,会触发performClick方法:

    public boolean performClick() {
        final boolean result;
        final ListenerInfo li = mListenerInfo;
        if (li != null && li.mOnClickListener != null) {
            playSoundEffect(SoundEffectConstants.CLICK);
            li.mOnClickListener.onClick(this);
            result = true;
        } else {
            result = false;
        }
    
        sendAccessibilityEvent(AccessibilityEvent.TYPE_VIEW_CLICKED);
        return result;
    }
    

    如果View设置了OnClickListener,那么performClick方法内部会调用它的onClick方法。

  • 总结:

    1. onTouch的优先级高于onClick

    2. 控件被点击时,

      onTouch返回false—>dispatchTouchEvent方法返回false—>执行onTouchEvent—>在performClick方法里回调onClick

      onTouch返回true—>dispatchTouchEvent方法返回true—>不执行onTouchEvent,显然onClick方法也不会被调用

进阶

ACTION_MOVE和ACTION_UP相关

先来看看两个实验:

  1. 在View的dispatchTouchEvent 返回false并且在ViewGrouponTouchEvent返回true
    红色的箭头代表ACTION_DOWN事件的流向
    蓝色的箭头代表ACTION_MOVEACTION_UP事件的流向

    ViewDispatch_2
  2. ViewGrouponTouchEvent 返回true
    红色的箭头代表ACTION_DOWN 事件的流向
    蓝色的箭头代表ACTION_MOVE 和 ACTION_UP 事件的流向

    ViewDispatch_03

总结一下:

  • 如果在某个控件的dispatchTouchEvent 返回true消费终结事件,那么收到ACTION_DOWN 的函数也能收到ACTION_MOVEACTION_UP

  • 在哪个View的onTouchEvent 返回true,那么ACTION_MOVEACTION_UP的事件从上往下传到这个View后就不再往下传递了,而直接传给自己的onTouchEvent 并结束本次事件传递过程。

  • ACTION_DOWN事件在哪个控件消费了(return true), 那么ACTION_MOVEACTION_UP就会从上往下(通过dispatchTouchEvent)做事件分发往下传,就只会传到这个控件,不会继续往下传

    如果ACTION_DOWN事件是在dispatchTouchEvent消费,那么事件到此为止停止传递

    如果ACTION_DOWN事件是在onTouchEvent消费的,那么会把ACTION_MOVEACTION_UP事件传给该控件的onTouchEvent处理并结束传递。

onTouch()和onTouchEvent()的区别

  • 两个方法都是在View的dispatchTouchEvent中调用,但onTouch优先于onTouchEvent执行

  • 如果在onTouch方法中返回true将事件消费掉,onTouchEvent将不会再执行。

  • View的dispatchTouchEvent方法中:

    if (li != null && li.mOnTouchListener != null
            && (mViewFlags & ENABLED_MASK) == ENABLED
            && li.mOnTouchListener.onTouch(this, event)) {
        result = true;
    }
    
    if (!result && onTouchEvent(event)) {
        result = true;
    }
    

    onTouch能够执行需要的两个前提:

    1. mOnTouchListener不为空
    2. 当前点击的控件必须是ENABLED

    因此如果你有一个控件是非enable的,那么给它注册onTouch事件将不会执行。

应用场景—滑动冲突的解决

滑动冲突在Android开发中一直都是一个痛点,之前的所有讲解,就像是所有的招式,滑动冲突,就是我们的用武之地。

常见滑动冲突场景

  1. 外部滑动和内部滑动方向不一致

    ViewPager和Fragment配合使用组成的页面滑动效果。这种冲突的解决方式,一般都是根据水平滑动还是竖直滑动(滑动的距离差)来判断到底是由谁来拦截事件。

  2. 外部滑动和内部滑动方向一致

    内外两层同时能上下滑动或者能同时左右滑动。这种一般都是根据业务来进行区分。

  3. 以上两种场景的嵌套

滑动冲突的解决方式

  • 外部拦截法

    外部拦截法,就是所有事件都先经过父容器的拦截处理,由父容器来决定是否拦截。这种方式需要重写父容器的onInterceptTouchEvent方法,伪代码如下:

    public boolean onInterceptTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev) {
        boolean intercepted = false;
        int x = (int) ev.getX();
        int y = (int) ev.getY();
        switch (ev.getAction()) {
            case MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN:
                intercepted = false;
                break;
            case MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE:
                if (父容器需要当前点击事件) {
                    intercepted = true;
                } else {
                    intercepted = false;
                }
                break;
            case MotionEvent.ACTION_UP:
                intercepted=false;
                break;
            default:
                break;
        }
        mLastXIntercept = x;
        mLastYIntercept = y;
        return intercepted;
    }
    

    几点说明:

    1. 不拦截ACTION_DOWN事件。一旦父容器拦截ACTION_DOWN,则后续的ACTION_MOVEACTION_UP事件都会直接交由父容器处理,无法传递给子元素。
    2. ACTION_MOVE事件根据具体需求来决定是否拦截。
    3. ACTION_UP事件必须返回false,ACTION_UP事件本身没什么意义,但如果父容器在ACTION_UP返回true会导致子元素无法接收ACTION_UP事件,无法响应onClick事件。
  • 内部拦截法

    内部拦截法是指父容器不拦截任何事件,所有事件都传递给子元素。内部拦截法需要配合requestDisallowInterceptTouchEvent方法才能正常工作。这种方式需要重写子元素的dispatchTouchEvent方法,伪代码如下:

    public boolean dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev) {
        int x = (int) ev.getX();
        int y = (int) ev.getY();
        switch (ev.getAction()) {
            case MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN:
                getParent().requestDisallowInterceptTouchEvent(true);
                break;
            case MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE:
                int deltaX = x - mLastX;
                int deltaY = y - mLastY;
                if (父容器需要当前点击事件) {
                    getParent().requestDisallowInterceptTouchEvent(false);
                }
                break;
            case MotionEvent.ACTION_UP:
                break;
            default:
                break;
        }
        mLastX = x;
        mLastY = y;
        return super.dispatchTouchEvent(ev);
    }
    

    父元素需要默认拦截除ACTION_DOWN事件以外的其他事件,父元素修改如下:

    public boolean onInterceptTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev) {
        if (ev.getAction()==MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN) {
            return false;
        } else {
            return true;
        }
    }
    

    ACTION_DOWN事件并不受FLAG_DISALLOW_INTERCEPT这个标记位的控制。一旦父容器拦截ACTION_DOWN事件,那么所有的事件都无法传递到子元素中去。

参考

  • 图解Android事件分发机制
  • Android事件分发机制详解:史上最全面、最易懂
  • Android开发艺术探索

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