Linux部署Mysql+Nginx

简要

        Nginx (读”engine x”) 是一款免费、开源的高性能 HTTP 服务。Nginx 稳定、丰富的功能集、配置简单、资源消耗低。本教程介绍了如何通过PHP7支持(通过PHP-FPM)和MySQL5.7支持(LEMP= LINUX + nginx(发音为“engine x”)+ MySQL+ PHP)在Ubuntu16.04服务器上安装Nginx服务器。



1.初步说明

在本教程中,我使用的IP 地址192.168.40.129,主机名server1.example.com。这些设置可能与你的不同,所以你不得不在适当情况下更换他们。

我运行的所有步骤在本教程中使用root权限,所以一定要确保你以root身份登录。

2.更换国内源

如果是自己下载的镜像,请更换更新源。如果是购买的VPS、云服务器等请直接忽略此步骤。

vi /etc/apt/sources.list

将以下内容复制到sources.list内

# deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 16.04 LTS _Xenial Xerus_ - Release amd64 (20160420.1)]/ xenial main restricteddeb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial main restricted#Added by software-propertiesdeb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted

deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted multiverse universe#Added by software-propertiesdeb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted

deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted multiverse universe#Added by software-propertiesdeb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse#Added by software-propertiesdeb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partner

deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partner

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted

deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted multiverse universe#Added by software-propertiesdeb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security universe

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security multiverse

执行更新

apt-get update

2.安装Mysql

安装 MySQL 运行命令:

apt-get -y install mysql-server mysql-client

你会被要求提供MySQL的root用户密码 :

    New password for the MySQL “root” user:<– yourrootsqlpassword

    Repeat password for the MySQL “root” user:<– yourrootsqlpassword


Linux部署Mysql+Nginx_第1张图片

为了确保数据库服务器,并删除匿名用户和测试数据库,运行mysql_secure_installation命令。

mysql_secure_installation

你会问这些问题:

    root@server1:~# mysql_secure_installation

保护MySQL服务器部署,一直按Enter即可。

3.安装Nginx

在你已经安装了Apache2的话,那么使用这些命令先删除再安装nginx:

service apache2 stop

update-rc.d -f apache2 remove

apt-get remove apache2

Ubuntu16.04有Nginx安装包,我们可以安装。

apt-get -y install nginx

输入您的Web服务器的IP地址或主机名到浏览器(例如http://192.168.40.129/),你应该看到如下页面:


Linux部署Mysql+Nginx_第2张图片

在Ubuntu16.04的默认nginx的文档根目录为/var/www/html

4 安装 PHP 7

我们可以通过使nginx的PHP工作PHP-FPM(PHP-FPM(FastCGI进程管理器)是为任何规模的网站,尤其是繁忙的网站有用的一些附加功能的替代PHP的FastCGI实现),我们安装如下:

apt-get -y install php7.0-fpm

5 配置 nginx

打开配置文件/etc/nginx/nginx.conf:

vi  /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

配置是很容易理解 (你可以点击官方教程:http://wiki.nginx.org/NginxFullExample或:http://wiki.nginx.org/NginxFullExample2)

首先(这是可选)调整keepalive_timeout到一个合理的值:

    [...]

    keepalive_timeout  2;

    [...]

虚拟主机服务器{}容器定义。默认的虚拟主机是在文件中定义的/etc/nginx/sites-available/default – 让我们来修改它,如下所示:

vi /etc/nginx/sites-available/default

    [...]

    server {

    listen 80 default_server;

    listen [::]:80 default_server;

    # SSL configuration

    #

    # listen 443 ssl default_server;

    # listen [::]:443 ssl default_server;

    #

    # Note: You should disable gzip for SSL traffic.

    # See: https://bugs.debian.org/773332

    #

    # Read up on ssl_ciphers to ensure a secure configuration.

    # See: https://bugs.debian.org/765782

    #

    # Self signed certs generated by the ssl-cert package

    # Don't use them in a production server!

    #

    # include snippets/snakeoil.conf;

    root /var/www/html;

    # Add index.php to the list if you are using PHP

    index index.html index.htm index.nginx-debian.html;

    server_name _;

    location / {

    # First attempt to serve request as file, then

    # as directory, then fall back to displaying a 404.

    try_files $uri $uri/ =404;

    }

    # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000

    #

    location ~ \.php$ {

    include snippets/fastcgi-php.conf;

    # With php7.0-cgi alone:

    # fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;

    # With php7.0-fpm:

    fastcgi_pass unix:/run/php/php7.0-fpm.sock;

    }

    # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root

    # concurs with nginx's one

    #

    location ~ /\.ht {

    deny all;

    }

    }

    [...]

server_name _;使这是一个默认捕捉所有虚拟主机(当然,你可以同时喜欢这里www.example.com指定主机名)。

根目录 /var/www/html;意味着文档根目录/var/www/html.

PHP的重要组成部分位置 ~ \.php$ {}stanza. 取消注释它来启用它。

现在保存文件并重新加载nginx:

service nginx reload

下一步打开/etc/php/7.0/fpm/php.ini…

vi /etc/php/7.0/fpm/php.ini

设置cgi.fix_pathinfo=0:

    [...]

    ; cgi.fix_pathinfo provides *real* PATH_INFO/PATH_TRANSLATED support for CGI.  PHP's

    ; previous behaviour was to set PATH_TRANSLATED to SCRIPT_FILENAME, and to not grok

    ; what PATH_INFO is.  For more information on PATH_INFO, see the cgi specs.  Setting

    ; this to 1 will cause PHP CGI to fix its paths to conform to the spec.  A setting

    ; of zero causes PHP to behave as before.  Default is 1.  You should fix your scripts

    ; to use SCRIPT_FILENAME rather than PATH_TRANSLATED.

    ; http://php.net/cgi.fix-pathinfo

    cgi.fix_pathinfo=0

    [...]

重新加载 PHP-FPM:

service php7.0-fpm reload

建立探针文件/var/www/html:

vi /var/www/html/info.php

phpinfo();

?>

浏览器访问 (e.g.http://192.168.40.129/info.php):


Linux部署Mysql+Nginx_第3张图片

6 .让 MySQL 获得 PHP 7支持

先搜索一下PHP支持的模块:

apt-cache search php7.0

使用下面的命令安装:

apt-get -y install php7.0-mysql php7.0-curl php7.0-gd php7.0-intl php-pear php-imagick php7.0-imap php7.0-mcrypt php-memcache  php7.0-pspell php7.0-recode php7.0-sqlite3 php7.0-tidy php7.0-xmlrpc php7.0-xsl php7.0-mbstring php-gettext

APCu是随PHP7 PHP Opcache模块的扩展,它增加了一些兼容性功能的支持APC缓存(例如WordPress的插件缓存)软件。

APCu可以安装如下:

 apt-get -y install php-apcu

重新加载 PHP-FPM:

service php7.0-fpm reload

刷新http://192.168.1.100/info.php浏览器看看模块安装情况:


Linux部署Mysql+Nginx_第4张图片

7. 让 PHP-FPM 使用 TCP 连接

默认情况下PHP-FPM监听 /var/run/php/php7.0-fpm.sock. 另外,也可以使 PHP-FPM 试用 TCP 连接,打开文件/etc/php/7.0/fpm/pool.d/www.conf…

vi /etc/php/7.0/fpm/pool.d/www.conf

修改如下:

    [...]

    ;listen = /var/run/php5-fpm.sock

    listen = 127.0.0.1:9000

    [...]

这将使PHP-FPM端口9000侦听的IP127.0.0.1(本地主机)。请确保您使用的端口,是不是在你的系统上使用。

然后重新加载 PHP-FPM:

    php7.0-fpm reload

接下来通过你的nginx的配置和所有的虚拟主机,并更改fastcgi_pass UNIX行:/var/run/php/php7.0-fpm.sock; tofastcgi_pass127.0.0.1:9000;,如下:

    vi /etc/nginx/sites-available/default

    [...]

    location ~ \.php$ {

    include snippets/fastcgi-php.conf;

    # With php7.0-cgi alone:

    fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;

    # With php7.0-fpm:

    # fastcgi_pass unix:/run/php/php7.0-fpm.sock;

    }

    [...]

最后,重新加载nginx:

    service nginx reload

OK,Nginx的LEMP服务器安装完毕。

如果部署时wordpress会发现各种权限问题(如无法创建文件,上传安装主题插件等)。是由于www目录权限问题所致。

chown -R www-data.www-data /var/www

即可搞定。

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