一、环境说明
两台安装好的MySQL 5.5的数据库。以Master与Slave区分
Master：
IP地址（172.16.1.210）：
[root@Qinglin-A /]# ifconfig eth0 eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:B4:0A:5D inet addr:192.168.1.210 Bcast:172.16.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
MySQL版本：
[root@Qinglin-A /]# mysql -V mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.5.32, for Linux (x86_64) using readline 5.1
Slave：
IP地址（172.16.1.220）：
[root@Qinglin-B /]# ifconfig eth0 eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:0E:20:1D inet addr:192.168.1.220 Bcast:172.16.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
MySQL版本：
[root@Qinglin-B /]# mysql -V mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.5.32, for Linux (x86_64) using readline 5.1
二、实战部署
MySQL 主从同步都是异步的复制方式，即不是严格实时同步的数据同步。 2、Slave设置server-id 3、Master和Slave同步重启mysql 4、Master效验bin-log与server-id 5、master创建并授权网段访问的从库个帐户，使slave可以访问master 6、记录Master的binlog位置与点，请切记下列标黄处，后期会用到。 7、锁表备份Master的所有数据库 8、slave恢复数据库，因为我加大B参数，所以不需要指定库恢复 9、导入slave的master信息（slave操作） 退出上面执行的mysql 界面，重新使用root登录Slaver的mysql界面执行导入Master信息操作。 10、slave查看master info信息 11、slave开启slave开启 12、检查，有两个标黄的OK，则是正常启动（Seconds_Behind_Master 0 是落后主库的秒数，0是正确） 1、Master创建一个数据库 2、slave 查看从库relay文件中是否存在主库创建的create数据库qinglin 3、检查salve是否已经创建了一个数据库
实战前必须知道的知识
a. 主从复制是异步的，逻辑的SQL语句级的复制。
b. 同步时，主库有一个IO线程，从库有两个线程，IO和SQL线程。
c. 实现主从复制的必要条件，主库要开启binlog功能。
1、Master开启binlog，并设置server-id
注：server id 是避免不同机器或实列ID重复，选择0[root@Qinglin-A /]# vim /etc/my.cnf
server-id = 1
log-bin=mysql-bin
[root@Qinglin-A /]# egrep "log-bin|server-id" /etc/my.cnf
server-id = 1
log-bin=mysql-bin
注：Slave的binlog是不开启的，如果开启那就是双主同步，性能很一般。[root@Qinglin-B /]# vim /etc/my.cnf
server-id = 3
[root@Qinglin-B /]# egrep "log-bin|server-id" /etc/my.cnf
server-id = 3
#log-bin=mysql-bin
[root@Qinglin-A /]# /etc/init.d/mysql restart
Shutting down MySQL. SUCCESS!
Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS!
[root@Qinglin-B /]# /etc/init.d/mysql restart
Shutting down MySQL. SUCCESS!
Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS!
注：slave只需要查看server-id就可以mysql> show variables like "log_bin";
+---------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+-------+
| log_bin | ON |
+---------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> show variables like "server_id";
+---------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+-------+
| server_id | 1 |
+---------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
下列为创建Slave用户，刷新权限，并查看用户权限。mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'rep'@'192.168.1.%' identified by'123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show grants for rep@'192.168.1.%';
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Grants for [email protected].% |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'rep'@'192.168.1.%' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9' |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| mysql-bin.000001 | 332 | | |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
-A 备份全部数据库
-B 导出几个数据库
-F –flush-logs 开始导出之前刷新日志 注意：假如一次导出多个数据库(使用选项–databases或者–all-databases)，将会逐个数据库刷新日志
-x 锁表，保证数据的一致性
–events 导出事件
–master-data=2 如果=2就生成就是注释，不执行。[root@Qinglin-A /]# mysqldump -uroot -p'123456' --events -A -B -F --master-data=2 -x |gzip >/home/bak_`date +%F`.sql.gz
[root@Qinglin-A /]# ll /home/bak_2016-08-02.sql.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 144365 Aug 2 15:16 /home/bak_2016-08-02.sql.gz
注：从master的备份文件到slave可以考虑用scp传到slave中，这里不做演示。[root@Qinglin-B guanqinglin]# gzip -d bak_2016-08-02.sql.gz
[root@Qinglin-B guanqinglin]# ls
bak_2016-08-02.sql
[root@Qinglin-B guanqinglin]# mysql -uroot -p123456
操作前，请使用如下方法测试一下，用户和远程登陆是否OK，执行如下命令，登录到那mysq>界面为成功。[root@Qinglin-B /]# mysql -h 192.168.1.210 -urep -p123456
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 7
Server version: 5.5.32-log Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>
[root@Qinglin-B /]# mysql -uroot -p123456
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 5
Server version: 5.5.32 Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO
-> MASTER_HOST='192.168.1.210',
-> MASTER_PORT=3306,
-> MASTER_USER='rep',
-> MASTER_PASSWORD='123456',
-> MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000001',
-> MASTER_LOG_POS=332;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.12 sec)
[root@Qinglin-B /]# cat /application/mysql/data/master.info
18
mysql-bin.000001
332
192.168.1.210
rep
123456
3306
60
0
0
1800.000
0
[root@Qinglin-B /]# mysql -uroot -p123456
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 6
Server version: 5.5.32 Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.1.210
Master_User: rep
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 107
Relay_Log_File: Qinglin-B-relay-bin.000004
Relay_Log_Pos: 253
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 107
Relay_Log_Space: 456
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 1
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
三、测试环节
mysql> create database qinglin;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.09 sec)
注：下列是截取的内容[root@Qinglin-B data]# mysqlbinlog Qinglin-B-relay-bin.000004
SET @@session.collation_database=DEFAULT/*!*/;
create database qinglin
/*!*/;
DELIMITER ;
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| qinglin |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)