Summary

it captures the most important element—learning from the best predecessors—and that has proved enough to generate rapid improvements in the field.

subjective judgments are inherently vulnerable to all sorts of biases.

Once you have identified an expert, identify what this person does differently from others that could explain the superior performance. There are likely to be many things the person does differently that have nothing to do with the superior performance, but at least it is a place to start.

The better you are able to tailor your training to mirror the best performers in your field, the more effective your training is likely to be.

Effective feedback is about more than whether you did something right or wrong.

This distinction between deliberate practice aimed at a particular goal and generic practice is crucial because not every type of practice leads to the improved ability that we saw in the music students or the ballet dancers.

In pretty much any area of human endeavor, people have a tremendous capacity to improve their performance, as long as they train in the right way.

The horizons of human potential are expanding with each new generation.

There are many, many areas in the working world today where the lessons learned from studies of expert performers can help improve performance.

One benefit of “learning while real work gets done” is that it gets people into the habit of practicing and thinking about practicing.

This is no different in theory than a music teacher noticing that a student is having difficulty with a particular type of finger movement and assigning a series of exercises designed to improve that movement.

a simulator supervisor can initiate an interruption at exactly the critical point on various occasions.

Words and Expressions

rule of thumb

Thus a good rule of thumb is to seek out people who work intimately with many other professionals, such as a nurse who plays a role on several different surgery teams and can compare their performance and identify the best.

经验法则，经验做法

E.g.:A good rule of thumb is that a broker must generate sales of ten times his salary if his employer is to make a profit.

daunting

When we say that it takes ten thousand— or however many—hours to become really good at something, we put the focus on the daunting nature of the task.

tending to overwhelm or intimate

E.g. : a daunting task

Few things are more daunting than having to speak in front of a large crowd.

to one's credit

To its credit, the navy was able to devise a successful way to train its pilots without putting them in much danger.

值得赞扬的

E.g. : It is greatly to your credit that you gave back the money you found.

My Thoughts

How much you improve is up to you.

1.没有条件要创造条件：

对于你的领域或者想提升的技能，你可能无法找到一个合适你的老师或者指导者。那你不能就此放弃练习，学会利用各方面的资源，寻找到一切你可以得到的帮助，尽量满足刻意练习的各项要求，自己调整训练计划和节奏，从而达到一个高水准。

2.练习会带给你更多达到高手水平的机会：

之前的一万小时理论有一定的局限性，但是同时它也指出了联系的重要性。没有足够的练习是不可能获得长远的进步的。通过长时间集中精力、有目标的练习，你会得到更多的可能性达到甚至超过高水准。换句话说，刻意练习是在某方面取得成功的必要条件而不是充要条件。

3.机械式的重复工作并不是高效的练习：

不断重复做一个件事情或者一个动作，会让你肌肉产生记忆，从而提高特定事情的准确度和效率。但是这样做，并不能使你到达一个新的高度。你通过每天搬砖可以提高你的肌肉力量和搬运的效率，但是你永远无法通过不断重复这个过程掌握如何砌墙的。并且，你无法获得一个良好的反馈来调整自己的计划，只是一味地机械式重复。你得通过刻意练习才有可能再次突破自己，将自身能力提高至最高水平。

刻意练习 PEAK(八)