NSDictionary

在Foundation框架中,字典(NSDictionary、NSMutableDictionary)是由键-值对组成的数据集合,可以通过键(Key)查找值(Value),Key通常为字符串类型,也可以是其他类型,并且Key在字典中是唯一的。此外,字典对象的键和值不能为空(nil),如需要表示空值可以使用NSNull对象。
备注:字典中的元素是无序的。

创建和初始化:
NSDictionary *dic1 = [[NSDictionary alloc] initWithObjectAndKeys:Value, Key, nil];
NSDictionary *dic1 = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys:Value, Key, nil]; // 类方法

// 创建时初始化一个元素
NSDictionary *dic1 = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObject:Value, forKey: Key];

// 初始化新字典,新字典包含一个字典
NSDictionary *dic1 = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithDictionary:dic2];
常用方法:
// 取得字典中个数
NSUinteger count = dic1.count;

// 取得字典中所有的Key,等价于dic1.allKeys;
NSArray *allKey = [dic1 allKeys];

// 取得字典中所有的Value
NSArray *allValue = [dic1 allValue];

// 通过Key取得Value
NSArray *array2 = [dic1 objectForKey:@"shen"]; 

// 获取相同Key的所有Value
[dic1 valueForKeyPath:Key];

// 将字典中元素赋值到self的相应属性
[self setValuesForKeysWithDictionary:dic1];

// 将字典的Key转成枚举对象,用于遍历
NSEnumerator *enumerator = [dic1 keyEnumerator];
优化语句:
// 创建
NSDictionary *dic2 = @{Key:Value, Key:Value};

// 取值
NSArray *array3 = dic1[@"shen"];
读写文件:
// 文件路径
NSString *path = [NSHomeDirectory() stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"Document/dic.plist"];

// 写文件
BOOL success = [array writeToFile:path atomically:YES];

// 读文件
NSDictionary *readDic = [[NSDictionary dictionaryWithContentsOfFile:path];

NSMutableDictionary

创建:
NSMutableDictionary *muDic1 = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] initWithCapacity:3];

NSMutableDictionary *dic2 = [NSMutableDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys: Value, Key, nil];

NSDictionary *dic3 = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObject: Value forKey: Key];
添加元素:
// 添加一个元素
[muDic1 setObject:array1 forKey:@"shen"];

// 将字典dic1中所有元素添加到muDic1中
[muDic1 addEntriesFromDictionary:dic1];
移除元素:
// 根据Key移除元素
[muDic1 removeObjectForKey:@"shen"];

// 移除所有元素
[muDic1 removeAllObjects];

// 根据多个Key移除元素
[muDic1 removeObjectFormKeys:@[@"shen", @"shi"]];
字典遍历
// 快速遍历:
for (NSString *key in muDic1) {
     NSArray *n = [muDic1 objectFoeKey:key];
     NSLog("@Key=%@, Value=%@", key, n);
}

// 普通遍历:
NSArray *allKeys = [muDic1 allKeys];
for (int i = 0; i < allValues.count; i ++) {
     NSString *key = allKeys[i];
     NSArray *n = muDic1[key];
NSLog("@Key=%@, Value=%@", key, n);  
}
 
// 枚举遍历:
NSEnumerator *enumerator = [dic keyEnumerator];
id key = [enumerator nextObject];
while (key) {
     id obj = [dic objectForKey:key];
     NSLog(@"%@", obj);
     key = [enumerator nextObject];
}

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