jwt
一. JWT是什么
JSON Web Token (JWT)，它是目前最流行的跨域身份验证解决方案
二. 为什么使用JWT
JWT的精髓在于：“去中心化”，数据是保存在客户端的。
三. JWT的工作原理
-
是在服务器身份验证之后，将生成一个JSON对象并将其发送回用户，示例如下：
{“UserName”: “Chongchong”,“Role”: “Admin”,“Expire”: “2018-08-08 20:15:56”} -
之后，当用户与服务器通信时，客户在请求中发回JSON对象
-
为了防止用户篡改数据，服务器将在生成对象时添加签名，并对发回的数据进行验证
传统开发对资源的访问限制利用session完成图解
jwt所解决的问题及机制
UserAction(请求Java后端的一段代码，生成一个token令牌（jwt）)
package com.zking.vue.web;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ModelDriven;
import com.zking.base.web.BaseAction;
import com.zking.vue.biz.UserBiz;
import com.zking.vue.entity.User;
import com.zking.vue.util.JsonData;
import com.zking.vue.util.JwtUtils;
import com.zking.vue.util.PageBean;
import com.zking.vue.util.ResponseUtil;
import com.zking.vue.util.StringUtils;
public class UserAction extends BaseAction implements ModelDriven{
private UserBiz userBiz;
private User user = new User();
public UserBiz getUserBiz() {
return userBiz;
}
public void setUserBiz(UserBiz userBiz) {
this.userBiz = userBiz;
}
public String login() {
ObjectMapper om = new ObjectMapper();
JsonData jsonData = null;
try {
if(StringUtils.isBlank(user.getUname()) || StringUtils.isBlank(user.getPwd())) {
jsonData = new JsonData(0, "用户或者密码为空", user);
}else {
User u = this.userBiz.login(user);
Map claims = new HashMap();
claims.put("uname",user.getUname());
claims.put("pwd", user.getPwd());
String jwt = JwtUtils.createJwt(claims, JwtUtils.JWT_WEB_TTL);
response.setHeader(JwtUtils.JWT_HEADER_KEY, jwt);
jsonData = new JsonData(1, "登录成功", u);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
jsonData = new JsonData(0, "用户或者密码错误", user);
}finally {
try {
ResponseUtil.write(response, om.writeValueAsString(jsonData));
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
return null;
}
public String getAsyncData() {
ObjectMapper om = new ObjectMapper();
try {
Thread.sleep(6000);
ResponseUtil.write(response, om.writeValueAsString("http://www.javaxl.com"));
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}
@Override
public User getModel() {
return user;
}
}
CorsFiler(默认的情况下在response Headers是不能添加jwt的键值对信息，只有在过滤器中添加以下代码，才能处理jwt的信息)
package com.zking.vue.util;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.Filter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
/**
* 配置tomcat允许跨域访问
*
* @author Administrator
*
*/
public class CorsFilter implements Filter {
@Override
public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
}
// @Override
// public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse
// servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain)
// throws IOException, ServletException {
// HttpServletResponse httpResponse = (HttpServletResponse) servletResponse;
//
// // Access-Control-Allow-Origin就是我们需要设置的域名
// // Access-Control-Allow-Headers跨域允许包含的头。
// // Access-Control-Allow-Methods是允许的请求方式
// httpResponse.addHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", "*");// *,任何域名
// httpResponse.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Methods", "POST, GET, PUT,
// DELETE");
// // httpResponse.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Headers", "Origin,
// // X-Requested-With, Content-Type, Accept");
//
// // 允许请求头Token
// httpResponse.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Headers",
// "Origin,X-Requested-With, Content-Type, Accept, Token");
// HttpServletRequest req = (HttpServletRequest) servletRequest;
// System.out.println("Token=" + req.getHeader("Token"));
// if("OPTIONS".equals(req.getMethod())) {
// return;
// }
//
//
// filterChain.doFilter(servletRequest, servletResponse);
// }
@Override
public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain)
throws IOException, ServletException {
HttpServletResponse resp = (HttpServletResponse) servletResponse;
HttpServletRequest req = (HttpServletRequest) servletRequest;
// Access-Control-Allow-Origin就是我们需要设置的域名
// Access-Control-Allow-Headers跨域允许包含的头。
// Access-Control-Allow-Methods是允许的请求方式
resp.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", "*");// *,任何域名
resp.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Methods", "POST, GET, PUT, DELETE");
// resp.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Headers", "Origin,X-Requested-With,
// Content-Type, Accept");
// 允许客户端，发一个新的请求头jwt
resp.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Headers", "Origin,X-Requested-With, Content-Type, Accept, jwt");
// 允许客户端，处理一个新的响应头jwt
resp.setHeader("Access-Control-Expose-Headers", "jwt");
// String sss = resp.getHeader("Access-Control-Expose-Headers");
// System.out.println("sss=" + sss);
// 允许请求头Token
// httpResponse.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Headers","Origin,X-Requested-With,
// Content-Type, Accept, Token");
// System.out.println("Token=" + req.getHeader("Token"));
if ("OPTIONS".equals(req.getMethod())) {// axios的ajax会发两次请求，第一次提交方式为：option，直接返回即可
return;
}
filterChain.doFilter(servletRequest, servletResponse);
}
@Override
public void destroy() {
}
}
jwtFilter(private boolean OFF = false;// true关闭jwt令牌验证功能)
package com.zking.vue.util;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.regex.Matcher;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;
import javax.servlet.Filter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import io.jsonwebtoken.Claims;
/**
* * JWT验证过滤器，配置顺序 ：CorsFilte-->JwtFilter-->struts2中央控制器
*
* @author Administrator
*
*/
public class JwtFilter implements Filter {
// 排除的URL，一般为登陆的URL(请改成自己登陆的URL)
private static String EXCLUDE = "^/vue/userAction_login\\.action?.*$";
private static Pattern PATTERN = Pattern.compile(EXCLUDE);
private boolean OFF = false;// true关闭jwt令牌验证功能
@Override
public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
}
@Override
public void destroy() {
}
@Override
public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain)
throws IOException, ServletException {
HttpServletRequest req = (HttpServletRequest) request;
HttpServletResponse resp = (HttpServletResponse) response;
String path = req.getServletPath();
if (OFF || isExcludeUrl(path)) {// 登陆直接放行
chain.doFilter(request, response);
return;
}
// 从客户端请求头中获得令牌并验证
String jwt = req.getHeader(JwtUtils.JWT_HEADER_KEY);
Claims claims = this.validateJwtToken(jwt);
if (null == claims) {
// resp.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
resp.sendError(403, "JWT令牌已过期或已失效");
return;
} else {
String newJwt = JwtUtils.copyJwt(jwt, JwtUtils.JWT_WEB_TTL);
resp.setHeader(JwtUtils.JWT_HEADER_KEY, newJwt);
chain.doFilter(request, response);
}
}
/**
* 验证jwt令牌，验证通过返回声明(包括公有和私有)，返回null则表示验证失败
*/
private Claims validateJwtToken(String jwt) {
Claims claims = null;
try {
if (null != jwt) {
claims = JwtUtils.parseJwt(jwt);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return claims;
}
/**
* 是否为排除的URL
*
* @param path
* @return
*/
private boolean isExcludeUrl(String path) {
Matcher matcher = PATTERN.matcher(path);
return matcher.matches();
}
// public static void main(String[] args) {
// String path = "/sys/userAction_doLogin.action?username=zs&password=123";
// Matcher matcher = PATTERN.matcher(path);
// boolean b = matcher.matches();
// System.out.println(b);
// }
}
打开jwt令牌验证功能效果显示：
直接进入页面不显示数据的操作
http.js
/**
* vue项目对axios的全局配置
*/
import axios from 'axios'
import qs from 'qs'
//引入action模块，并添加至axios的类属性urls上
import action from '@/api/action'
axios.urls = action
// axios默认配置
axios.defaults.timeout = 10000; // 超时时间
// axios.defaults.baseURL = 'http://localhost:8080/j2ee15'; // 默认地址
axios.defaults.baseURL = action.SERVER;
//整理数据
// 只适用于 POST,PUT,PATCH，transformRequest` 允许在向服务器发送前，修改请求数据
axios.defaults.transformRequest = function(data) {
data = qs.stringify(data);
return data;
};
// 请求拦截器
axios.interceptors.request.use(function(config) {
var jwt = window.vm.$store.getters.getJwt;
config.headers['jwt'] = jwt;
return config;
}, function(error) {
return Promise.reject(error);
});
// 响应拦截器
axios.interceptors.response.use(function(response) {
// debugger;
var jwt = response.headers['jwt'];
if(jwt){
window.vm.$store.commit('setJwt',{jwt:jwt});
}
return response;
}, function(error) {
return Promise.reject(error);
});
// // 路由请求拦截
// // http request 拦截器
// axios.interceptors.request.use(
// config => {
// //config.data = JSON.stringify(config.data);
// //config.headers['Content-Type'] = 'application/json;charset=UTF-8';
// //config.headers['Token'] = 'abcxyz';
// //判断是否存在ticket，如果存在的话，则每个http header都加上ticket
// // if (cookie.get("token")) {
// // //用户每次操作，都将cookie设置成2小时
// // cookie.set("token", cookie.get("token"), 1 / 12)
// // cookie.set("name", cookie.get("name"), 1 / 12)
// // config.headers.token = cookie.get("token");
// // config.headers.name = cookie.get("name");
// // }
// return config;
// },
// error => {
// return Promise.reject(error.response);
// });
// // 路由响应拦截
// // http response 拦截器
// axios.interceptors.response.use(
// response => {
// if (response.data.resultCode == "404") {
// console.log("response.data.resultCode是404")
// // 返回 错误代码-1 清除ticket信息并跳转到登录页面
// // cookie.del("ticket")
// // window.location.href='http://login.com'
// return
// } else {
// return response;
// }
// },
// error => {
// return Promise.reject(error.response) // 返回接口返回的错误信息
// });
export default axios;
state.js
export default{
resturantName:'飞歌餐馆',
jwt:''
}
getters.js
export default{
getResturantName:(state)=>{
return state.resturantName;
},
getJwt:(state)=>{
return state.jwt;
}
}
mutations.js
export default{
setResturantName:(state,payload)=>{
state.resturantName=payload.resturantName
},
setJwt:(state,payload)=>{
state.jwt=payload.jwt
}
}
（http://localhost:8088/#/sys/Articles）直接进入网页显示：
