CentOS 6.3的中科大yum更新源设置,以及第三方源(EPEL等)设置

本来是打算折腾个fedora来玩玩的,不过由于vmware中无法开启gnome3,只能使用fallback模式,又不习惯KDE等其他环境的风格,无奈只能放弃。之后查来找去,就找了个CentOS来玩玩。

由于使用的是校园网,国外的yum源几乎都不能正常使用,而且sohu和163的也老抽风。本来在fedora下国内的中科大和上海交大都可以使用,但是在CentOS6中就显得很无奈了,翻遍了网络也找不出个可用*.repo出来。


其中repo文件中的源地址可以自行对比更改为自己能用的,比如:
中科大 http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ 
上海交大 http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ 
163 http://mirrors.163.com/ 
sohu http://mirrors.sohu.com/



过程及相关说明:

EPEL(Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux)软件库提供为RHEL系列(4.x、5.x、6.x等等)重新编译的Fedora组件。这个软件库在不替换系统组件方面下了功夫。在某些情况 下它尝试直接针对CentOS兼容性的问题,但坚决否定软件库间的兼容性是目标之一。当它与其它第三方软件库混合使用时,问题可能会出现。故此,当你使用EPEL时,尤其是当你亦会运用其它件库的组件时,请确保你使用yum的Priorities插件。

一、安装yum-priorities插件。

这个插件是用来设置yum在调用软件源时的顺序的。因为官方提供的软件源,都是比较稳定和被推荐使用的。因此,官方源的顺序要高于第三方源的顺序。如何保证这个顺序,就需要安装yum-priorities这插件了。

[root@CentOS ~]# yum install yum-priorities

安装完后需要设置/etc/yum.repos.d/目录下的.repo相关文件(如CentOS-Base.repo),在这些文件中插入顺序指令:priority=N (N为1到99的正整数,数值越小越优先),一般的配置是这样的:

[base], [addons], [updates], [extras] … priority=1

[CentOSplus],[contrib] … priority=2

其他第三的软件源为:priority=N (推荐N>10)

如我的CentOS-Base.repo配置为(CentOS 6.0):


# CentOS-Base.repo
#
# This file uses a new mirrorlist system developed by Lance Davis for CentOS.
# The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the
# update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and
# geographically close to the client.  You should use this for CentOS updates
# unless you are manually picking other mirrors.
#
# If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you can try the
# remarked out baseurl= line instead.
#
#

[base]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Base
baseurl=http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/centos/6.3/os/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
priority=1

#released updates
[updates]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Updates
baseurl=http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/centos/6.3/updates/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
priority=1

#packages used/produced in the build but not released
#[addons]
#name=CentOS-$releasever - Addons
#baseurl=http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/addons/$basearch/
#gpgcheck=1
#gpgkey=http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6

#additional packages that may be useful
[extras]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Extras
baseurl=http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/centos/6.3/extras/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
priority=1

#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages
[centosplus]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Plus
baseurl=http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/centos/6.3/centosplus/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
priority=2

[contrib]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Contrib
baseurl=http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/centos/6.3/contrib/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
priority=2


二、下载与安装相应EPEL的rpm文件包

1、下载与安装EPEL的rpm文件包

32位系统

[root@CentOS ~]# rpm -ivh http://download.fedora.redhat.com/pub/epel/6/i386/epel-release-6-5.noarch.rpm

國內較快的源:http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/fedora/epel/6/i386/epel-release-6-7.noarch.rpm

64位系统

[root@CentOS ~]# rpm -ivh http://download.fedora.redhat.com/pub/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-5.noarch.rpm

 國內較快的源:http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/fedora/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-7.noarch.rpm

如果您不清楚您的系统内核,请使用uname -a命令来查看您的内核信息。

2、导入DAG的PGP Key

[root@CentOS ~]# rpm --import /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-6

3、设置/etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo文件中源的级别,就是添加priority=11这句。

如我的epel.repo文件内容:

[epel]
name=Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 - $basearch
baseurl=http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/fedora/epel/6/$basearch
#mirrorlist=https://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/metalink?repo=epel-6&arch=$basearch
#failovermethod=priority
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-6
priority=11

[epel-debuginfo]
name=Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 - $basearch - Debug
baseurl=http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/fedora/epel/6/$basearch/debug
#mirrorlist=https://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/metalink?repo=epel-debug-6&arch=$basearch
#failovermethod=priority
enabled=0
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-6
gpgcheck=1
priority=11

[epel-source]
name=Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 - $basearch - Source
baseurl=http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/fedora/epel/6/SRPMS
#mirrorlist=https://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/metalink?repo=epel-source-6&arch=$basearch
#failovermethod=priority
enabled=0
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-6
gpgcheck=1
priority=11


三、下载与安装相应rpmforge的rpm文件包

(此处没设置不做说明,可参见文章最下面所提供链接。


四、下载与安装相应rpmfusion的rpm文件包

(CentOS官方说这个软件库里面的软件稳定性不如rpmforge,选用!rpmfusion官方站:http://rpmfusion.org)

[root@CentOS ~]# rpm -Uvh http://download1.rpmfusion.org/free/el/updates/testing/6/i386/rpmfusion-free-release-6-0.1.noarch.rpm

[root@CentOS ~]# rpm -Uvh http://download1.rpmfusion.org/nonfree/el/updates/testing/5/i386/rpmfusion-nonfree-release-5-0.1.noarch.rpm


国内(校园网)用户可改为:
rpm -Uvh http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/fedora/rpmfusion/free/el/updates/testing/6/i386/mock-rpmfusion-free-18.0-1.el6.noarch.rpm

rpm -Uvh http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/fedora/rpmfusion/nonfree/el/updates/testing/6/i386/mock-rpmfusion-nonfree-18.0-1.el6.noarch.rpm



五、测试

1、测试升级

[root@CentOS ~]# yum check-update

输出信息应该会有以下两行:

Loading “priorities” plugin

XX packages excluded due to repository priority protections

 

2、测试各插件是否生效

 

[root@CentOS ~]# yum check-update

如果出现类似以下输出,则表示配置成功。

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, priorities, refresh-packagekit

Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile

下面是一长串软件列表,最后一列形如:

epel   

rpmforge

base

说明各个软件包的来源。

备注:

1、如果yum使用过程中出现类似以下错误,多半是因为rpmfusion的server无法连接,可以不用管它,或者将/etc/yum.repo.d/目录下rpmfusion相关的的repo文件中的enable=1改为0,关掉rpmfusion相关的源列表。

YumRepo Error: All mirror URLs are not using ftp, http[s] or file.

 Eg. /

2、rpmfusion还会出现类似如下错误:

Error: Cannot retrieve repository metadata (repomd.xml) for repository: rpmfusion-foo. Please verify its path and try again

原因引自http://rpmfusion.org/FAQ#head-33eabca99c1c4fa289a1d757bda49721cd27871a:

Yum cannot connect to the RPM Fusion servers if you get above message. That could be a problem with your local network or a problem with the MirrorManager servers from RPM Fusion. If it's the latter use this comment to temporary work around the problem:

方法是去除所有baseurl和mirrorlist前面的#如下:

su -c "sed -i 's|^#baseurl|baseurl| ; s|^mirrorlist|#mirrorlist|' /etc/yum.repos.d/rpmfusion*free*repo"

 

To undo the change later use this command:

su -c "sed -i 's|^baseurl|#baseurl| ; s|^#mirrorlist|mirrorlist|' /etc/yum.repos.d/rpmfusion*free*repo"

 

还可以参考:

http://www.2cto.com/os/201110/109175.html

http://www.2cto.com/os/201110/109176.html



相关文章连接:
http://www.360doc.com/content/12/0308/13/834950_192715500.shtml


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