Python3：用QQ邮箱发送邮件

1.     环境

操作系统	Win10
IDE	PyCharm Community 2018.1
Python	3.5

  

2.     设置QQ邮箱

    QQ邮箱是SSL认证的邮箱系统，要用QQ邮箱发送邮件，需要开启POP3/ SMTP服务，并获取授权码。

 

2.1  开启POP3/IMAP/SMTP/Exchange/CardDAV/CalDAV服务

    1)  打开QQ邮箱，点击【设置】

        

    2）在【账户】tab页，找到【POP3/IMAP/SMTP/Exchange/CardDAV/CalDAV服务】，点击【开启】POP3/SMTP服务

        

2.1  QQ号申请第二代密码保护

    如果QQ号还没申请第二代密码保护，则会弹出【验证保密】对话框

     1）在【验证保密】对话框中，点击【申请密保】按钮

        

    2)  弹出【QQ安全中心】页面，点击【密保手机】右边的【设置】按钮

        

    3)  输入手机号码后，点击【确定】按钮，手机上会收到验证码

        

    4）输入手机上收到的验证码后，点击【确定】按钮

        

    5)  申请成功

        

2.3  继续开启POP3/IMAP/SMTP/Exchange/CardDAV/CalDAV服务

    1)  QQ号码申请第二代密保成功后，点击【验证密保】对话框中的【我已经完成设置】按钮

        

    2)  用手机往1069070069发送内容为【配置邮件客户端】的短信后，点击【我已发送】按钮

        

 3)  弹出【开启POP3/SMTP】对话框，其中的虚线框中就是授权码

        

2.4  获取授权码

    如果之前已经开启了POP3/SMTP服务，而已经忘了之前申请的授权码的话，可以点击下图中的【生成授权码】链接。

        

可以重新发送短信获取授权码。试了一下，旧授权码和新授权码都可以用。

3.     代码

    前面已经提到过，QQ邮箱是SSL认证的邮箱系统，因此用QQ邮箱发送邮件，需要创建一个SMTP_SSL对象，而不是SMTP对象，然后用发送邮箱及之前获取到的授权码login，最后调用sendmail()发送邮件。

import smtplib

smtpserver = "smtp.qq.com"
smtpport = 465
from_mail = "[email protected]"
to_mail = ["[email protected]"]
password = "****************"   # 16位授权码

try:
    smtp = smtplib.SMTP_SSL(smtpserver,smtpport)
    smtp.login(from_mail,password)
    smtp.sendmail(from_mail,to_mail,msg.as_string())
except(smtplib.SMTPException) as e:
    print(e.message)
finally:
    smtp.quit()

用try-except-finally括起来，是为了捕捉可能的错误信息。

     这很简单，但细心的读者应该注意到，上面代码中所有的方法的参数都有定义，唯独sendmail(from_addr, to_addrs, msg)的第3个参数msg，即邮件的发送内容没有定义，而发送邮件的关键就在于此。发送内容的格式是SMTP规定的，如果不符合规定，即会导致邮件发送失败。 

    邮件主要包括三个部分：一是我称之为属性的部分，二是正文，三是附件。包含各部分内容的是一个MIMEMultipart对象，其实邮件的任何部分都是可以为空的，甚至都为空，还是可以成功发送的。下面主要讨论的就是这三部分内容的组织。

 

3.1  组织邮件属性

    邮件的属性，我指的是诸如发件人、主题、收件人、抄送等。

from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.header import Header

subject = "test report"
from_name = "水云之外"
from_mail = "[email protected]"
to_mail = ["[email protected]"]
cc_mail = ["[email protected]"]

msg = MIMEMultipart()
msg["Subject"] = Header(subject, "utf-8")
msg["From"] = Header(from_name + " <" + from_mail + ">", "utf-8")
msg["To"] = Header(",".join(to_mail), "utf-8")
msg["Cc"] = Header(",".join(cc_mail), "utf-8")

3.2  组织邮件正文

3.2.1   文本格式正文

    用正文字符串生成一个plain类型的MIMEText对象，可指定编码，然后黏贴到代表邮件全部内容的MIMEMultipart对象中。

from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.text import MIMEText

body = "hi, the attachment is the test report of this test, please check it in time."

msg = MIMEMultipart()
msgtext = MIMEText(body, "plain", "utf-8")
msg.attach(msgtext)

3.2.2   HTML格式正文

    HTML格式的正文和文本格式的正文，唯一区别就是MIMEText对象的类型不同，是html，当然正文字符串应该是一个符合html格式的字符串。

from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.text import MIMEText

body = "
hi, the attachment is the test report of this test, please check it in time.
"

msg = MIMEMultipart()
msgtext = MIMEText(body, "html", "utf-8")
msg.attach(msgtext)

3.2.3   包含图片的正文

    包含图片的正文，其实是一种特殊的html格式正文，正文字符串应符合html格式，且包含img标签，指定src，用读入图片文件创建一个MIMEImage对象，指定其属性，应和src中相匹配，最后将MIMEImage对象也黏贴到MIMEMultipart对象中。

from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.image import MIMEImage

imgbody = '''
hi, the attachment is the test report of this test, please check it in time.

'''
imgfile = r"..\test\result.png"

msg = MIMEMultipart()
msgtext = MIMEText(imgbody, "html", "utf-8")
msg.attach(msgtext)

file = open(imgfile, "rb")
img = MIMEImage(file.read())
img.add_header("Content-ID", "")
msg.attach(img)

3.3  组织邮件附件

    经验证，文本文件、HTML文件和图片文件(png)，都可以用下面的代码组装到邮件内容中。生成一个MIMEBase对象，读入附件文件加载到该对象中，编码、添加头后同样黏贴到MIMEMultipart对象中。

from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.base import MIMEBase

attfile = r"..\test\result.html"

msg = MIMEMultipart()
att = MIMEBase("application", "octet-stream")
file = open(file, "rb")
att.set_payload(file.read())
encoders.encode_base64(att)

list = file.split("\\")
filename = list[len(list) - 1]
att.add_header("Content-Disposition", "attachment; filename='%s'" %filename)
msg.attach(att)

4.     最终代码

4.1  MailAssembler类

    包含三个方法：attachAttributes()、attachBody()和attachAttachment()，分别用来组装属性、正文和附件。

from email.header import Header
from email.mime.base import MIMEBase
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.image import MIMEImage
from email import encoders

class MailAssembler:
    def attachAttributes(self,msg,subject,from_name,from_mail,to_mail,cc_mail=None):
        msg["Subject"] = Header(subject, "utf-8")
        msg["From"] = Header(from_name + " <" + from_mail + ">", "utf-8")
        msg["To"] = Header(",".join(to_mail), "utf-8")
        msg["Cc"] = Header(",".join(cc_mail), "utf-8")

    def attachBody(self,msg,body,type,imgfile=None):
        msgtext = MIMEText(body, type, "utf-8")
        msg.attach(msgtext)

        if imgfile != None:
            try:
                file = open(imgfile, "rb")
                img = MIMEImage(file.read())
                img.add_header("Content-ID", "")
                msg.attach(img)
            except(Exception) as err:
                print(str(err))
            finally:
                if file in locals():
                    file.close()

    def attachAttachment(self,msg,attfile):
        att = MIMEBase("application", "octet-stream")

        try:
            file = open(attfile, "rb")
            att.set_payload(file.read())
            encoders.encode_base64(att)
        except(Exception) as err:
            print(str(err))
        finally:
            if file in locals():
                file.close()

        if "\\" in attfile:
            list = attfile.split("\\")
            filename = list[len(list) - 1]
        else:
            filename = attfile
        att.add_header("Content-Disposition", "attachment; filename='%s'" %filename)

        msg.attach(att)

4.2  MailSender类

    只有一个sendMail()方法，初始化的时候保存了发送的相关参数，之后就可以用该方法发送其参数msg了。

import smtplib

class MailSender:
    def __init__(self,smtpserver,smtpport,password,from_mail,to_mail,cc_mail=None):
        self.smtpserver = smtpserver
        self.smtpport = smtpport
        self.password = password
        self.from_mail = from_mail
        self.to_mail = to_mail
        self.cc_mail = cc_mail

    def sendMail(self,msg):
        try:
            smtp = smtplib.SMTP_SSL(self.smtpserver, self.smtpport)
            smtp.login(self.from_mail, self.password)
            if self.cc_mail == None:
                smtp.sendmail(self.from_mail, self.to_mail, msg.as_string())
            else:
                smtp.sendmail(self.from_mail, self.to_mail+self.cc_mail, msg.as_string())
            print("successful")
        except(smtplib.SMTPRecipientsRefused):
            print("Recipient refused")
        except(smtplib.SMTPAuthenticationError):
            print("Auth error")
        except(smtplib.SMTPSenderRefused):
            print("Sender refused")
        except(smtplib.SMTPException) as e:
            print(e.message)
        finally:
            smtp.quit()

4.3  主程序

    在主程序中，调用了MailAssembler和MailSender的方法，完成邮件内容的组装和发送。邮件正文包含文字和图片，并有两个附件。

from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from src.MailContent import MailAssembler
from src.MailSender import MailSender

subject = "test report"
from_name = "水云之外"
from_mail = "[email protected]"
to_mail = ["[email protected]"]
cc_mail = ["[email protected]"]
imgbody = '''
hi, the attachment is the test report of this test, please check it in time.

'''
file1 = r"..\test\result.html"
file2 = r"..\test\result.txt"
imgfile = r"..\test\result.png"

smtpserver = "smtp.qq.com"
smtpport = 465
password = "****************"     # 授权码

msg = MIMEMultipart()
assembler = MailAssembler()
sender = MailSender(smtpserver,smtpport,password,from_mail,to_mail,cc_mail)
assembler.attachAttributes(msg,subject,from_name,from_mail,to_mail,cc_mail)
assembler.attachBody(msg,imgbody,"html",imgfile)
assembler.attachAttachment(msg,file1)
assembler.attachAttachment(msg,file2)
sender.sendMail(msg)

5.     参考文献

[1] 使用python发送QQ邮件  https://www.cnblogs.com/lovealways/p/6701662.html

[2] Python发送邮件（常见四种邮件内容）https://blog.csdn.net/xiaosongbk/article/details/60142996

[3] Selenium3+python3-发送添加附件的邮件  https://www.cnblogs.com/liyanqi/p/7885014.html