python(字典函数/操作)

一.字典操作

1.往字典中添加键值对

  • dict["key"] = "value"
    stu = {"name":"zhangsan","age":"18"}
    stu["sex"] = "boy"
    print stu
  • setdefault()
    stu = {"name":"zhangsan","age":"18"}
    stu.setdefault("sex")
    print stu    #结果 {'age': '18', 'name': 'zhangsan', 'sex': None}
    
    stu = {"name":"zhangsan","age":"18"}
    stu.setdefault("sex","boy")
    print stu  #结果 {'age': '18', 'name': 'zhangsan', 'sex': 'boy'}

2.替换字典中指定键的值

  • dict["key"] = "value"
    stu = {"name":"zhangsan","age":18,"sex":"boy"}
    #替换值boy为gril
    stu["sex"] = "girl"
    print stu

3.update()一个字典所有项追加到另一个字典里

a = {"name":"zhangsan","sex":"boy"}
b = {"age":18}

a.update(b)    #往字典a中追加字典b的内容
print a
print b

4.字典取值 

  • get()函数   -->   当提取的键不存在时,不会报错,为空
    a = {"name":"zhangsan","sex":"boy"}
    
    print a.get("name")
    #当取的键不存在时,不报错,返回值为None
    print a.get("age")
  • dict["key"]
    a = {"name":"zhangsan","sex":"boy"}
    
    print a["name"]

5.keys()从字典中取出所有键

  • 不能通过在括号中输入键来取键值
  • 返回的是一个键列表
a = {"name":"zhangsan","sex":"boy","age":18}

print a.keys()  #返回所有键列表

6.values() 从字典中取出所有值

  • 返回的是一个值列表
a = {"name":"zhangsan","sex":"boy","age":18}

print a.values()  #返回所有值列表

7.del() 删除键值对

a = {"name":"zhangsan","sex":"boy","age":18}

del a["name"]
print a    #结果中"name":"zhansan"该键值对全部被删除

8.pop()删除键值对

  • 括号中必须为键且不能为空
  • 返回值为删除键的值
a = {"name":"zhangsan","sex":"boy","age":18}

value = a.pop("name")
print value    #返回值为"zhangsan"
print a    #字典a中的"name":"zhangsan"键值对被删除

9.popitem()随机删除键值对

  • 并返回该键值对的元组
a = {"name":"zhangsan","sex":"boy","age":18}

b = a.popitem()
print b        #返回值为包含被删除的键值对的一个元组
print a        #字典a中的某个键值对被删除

10.clear()清空字典中的键值对

  • 没有返回值
  • 原字典为空字典{}
a = {"name":"zhangsan","sex":"boy","age":18}

a.clear()
print a

11.copy()复制创建字典

a = {"name":"zhangsan","sex":"boy","age":18}

b = a.copy()
print b        #b是a复制出来的字典

12.has_key()检查字典是否有指定的键,有结果为 True,没有结果为 False

a = {"name":"zhangsan","sex":"boy","age":18}

print a.has_key("age")      #True
print a.has_key("height")   #False
user = raw_input("账号:")
pwd = raw_input("密码:")
mysql.setdefault(user,pwd)
print mysql
if mysql.has_key(user):
    print "ok"
else:
    print "no"

 

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