剑桥雅思阅读原文Test6Passage1
READING PASSAGE 1
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.
AUSTRALIA'S SPORTING SUCCESS
A They play hard, they play often, and they play to win. Australian sports teams win more than their fair share of titles, demolishing rivals with seeming ease. How do they do it? A big part of the secret is an extensive and expensive network of sporting academies underpinned by science and medicine. At the Australian Institute of Sport (AIS), hundreds of youngsters and pros live and train under the eyes of coaches. Another body, the Australian Sports Commission (ASC), finances programmes of excellence in a total of 96 sports for thousands of sportsmen and women. Both provide intensive coaching, training facilities and nutritional advice.
B Inside the academies, science takes centre stage. The AIS employs more than 100 sports scientists and doctors, and collaborates with scores of others in universities and research centres. AIS scientists work across a number of sports, applying skills learned in one - such as building muscle strength in golfers - to others, such as swimming and squash. They are backed up by technicians who design instruments to collect data from athletes. They all focus on one aim: winning. ‘We can't waste our time looking at ethereal scientific questions that don't help the coach work with an athlete and improve performance,' says Peter Fricker, chief of science at AIS.
C A lot of their work comes down to measurement - everything from the exact angle of a swimmer’s dive to the second-by-second power output of a cyclist. This data is used to wring improvements out of athletes. The focus is on individuals, tweaking performances to squeeze an extra hundredth of a second here, an extra millimetre there. No gain is too slight to bother with. It’s the tiny, gradual improvements that add up to world-beating results. To demonstrate how the system works, Bruce Mason at AIS shows off the prototype of a 3D analysis tool for studying swimmers. A wire-frame model of a champion swimmer slices through the water, her arms moving in slow motion. Looking side-on, Mason measures the distance between strokes. From above, he analyses how her spine swivels. When fully developed, this system will enable him to build a biomechanical profile for coaches to use to help budding swimmers. Mason's contribution to sport also includes the development of the SWAN (SWimming ANalysis)system now used in Australian national competitions. It collects images from digital cameras running at 50 frames a second and breaks down each part of a swimmer's performance into factors that can be analysed individually - stroke length, stroke frequency, average duration of each stroke, velocity, start, lap and finish times, and so on. At the end of each race, SWAN spits out data on each swimmer
D ‘Take a look,' says Mason, pulling out a sheet of data. He points out the data on the swimmers in second and third place, which shows that the one who finished third actually swam faster. So why did he finish 35 hundredths of a second down? ‘His turn times were 44 hundredths of a second behind the other guy,' says Mason. ‘If he can improve on his turns, he can do much better’ This is the kind of accuracy that AIS scientists' research is bringing to a range of sports.
With the Cooperative Research Centre for Micro Technology in Melbourne, they are developing unobtrusive sensors that will be embedded in an athlete's clothes or running shoes to monitor heart rate, sweating, heat production or any other factor that might have an impact on an athlete's ability to run. There's more to it than simply measuring performance. Fricker gives the example of athletes who may be down with coughs and colds 11 or 12 times a year. After years of experimentation, AlS and the University of Newcastle in New South Wales developed a test that measures how much of the immune-system protein immunoglobulin A is present in athletes' saliva. If IgA levels suddenly fall below a certain level, training is eased or dropped altogether. Soon, IgA levels start rising again, and the danger passes. Since the tests were introduced, AIS athletes in all sports have been remarkably successful at staying healthy.
E Using data is a complex business. Well before a championship, sports scientists and coaches start to prepare the athlete by developing a ‘competition model', based on what they expect will be the winning times. ‘You design the model to make that time,' says Mason. ‘A start of this much, each free-swimming period has to be this fast, with a certain stroke frequency and stroke length, with turns done in these times.' All the training is then geared towards making the athlete hit those targets, both overall and for each segment of the race. Techniques like these have transformed Australia into arguably the world's most successful sporting nation.
F Of course, there's nothing to stop other countries copying-and many have tried. Some years ago, the AIS unveiled coolant-lined jackets for endurance athletes. At the Atlanta Olympic Games in 1996, these sliced as much as two per cent off cyclists' and rowers' times. Now everyone uses them. The same has happened to the ‘altitude tent', developed by AIS to replicate the effect of altitude training at sea level. But Australia's success story is about more than easily copied technological fixes, and up to now no nation has replicated its all-encompassing system.
剑桥雅思阅读原题Test6Passage1
Questions 1-7
Reading Passage 1 has six paragraphs, A-F.
Which paragraph contains the following information?
Write the correct letter, A-F, in boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet.
NB You may use any letter more than once.
1 a reference to the exchange of expertise between different sports
2 an explanation of how visual imaging is employed in investigations
3 a reason for narrowing the scope of research activity
4 how some AIS ideas have been reproduced
5 how obstacles to optimum achievement can be investigated
6 an overview of the funded support of athletes
7 how performance requirements are calculated before an event
剑桥雅思阅读原题Test6Passage1
Questions 8-11
Classify the following techniques according to whether the writer states they
A are currently exclusively used by Australians
B will be used in the future by Australians
C are currently used by both Australians and their rivals
Write the correct letter, A, B or C, in boxes 8-11 on your answer sheet.
8 cameras
9 sensors
10 protein tests
11 altitude tents
剑桥雅思阅读原题Test6Passage1
Questions 12 and 13
Answer the questions below.
Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 12 and 13 on your answer sheet.
12 What is produced to help an athlete plan their performance in an event?
13 By how much did some cyclists' performance improve at the 1996 Olympic Games?
剑桥雅思阅读详解Test6Passage1
篇章结构
体裁 说明文
主题 澳大利亚的体育成就
结构 A段：澳大利亚体育成绩斐然 B段：科技是第一生产力
C段：精确测量和数据分析 D段：精确测量和数据分析的实例
E段：数据的实际应用 F段：不可复制的成功
剑桥雅思阅读详解Test6Passage1
试题详解
Questions 1-7
●题目类型：MATCHING
●题目详解：
题号 定位词 剑桥雅思阅读Test6Passage1中文对应点
1 exchange of expertise, between different sports/collaborate, across a number of sports B段：…and collaborates with scores of others in universities and research centres. AIS scientists work across a number of sports…
题干中讲到不同体育领域的专业知识交流正好跟原文中跨不同体育专家之间的合作相对应，理解意思即可容易找到正确答案。
题号 定位词 剑桥雅思阅读Test6Passage1中文对应点
2 visual imaging/3D, image C段:…shows off the prototype of a 3D analysis tool for studying swimmers./It collects images from digital cameras…
通过题干中的视频成像可以很容易找到原文中对应的3D和成像。
3 a reason for narrowing/can't waste time B段：We can't waste our time looking at ethereal scientific questions that don't help the coach work with an athlete…
需要细读原文，发现此句话所要表达的意思是不在一些飘渺的、不切实际的科学问题上浪费时间，也就是说要缩小研究的范围。此处不容易找到对应，需要对于句子和题目的准确理解。
TIPS：还可以通过题目中的research activity研究活动和原文中的scientific questions科学问题确认所定位的位置。
4 AIS ideas reproduce/copying F段：Of course，there's nothing to stop other countries copying…
找到AIS ideas定位到最后一段，题干中的reproduce是复制的意思，之后从文章中发现句子有复制copying，即可以直接定位。
5 Obstacle, investigated/ impact, monitor D段：…to monitor heart rate，sweating，heat production or any other fact or that might have an impact on an athlete's ability to run.
题干提到理想成绩的障碍是如何被调查研究的，而读到对应句子之后看到正好是sensors(传感器)对于运动员跑步的impact(影响)进行研究的仪器，而且obstacles和impact对应。
6 Overview, funded support/finance A段：…finances programmes of excellence in a total of 96 sports for thousands of sportsmen and women.
finances是解题关键，意思为资助，正好跟题干中funded support表达了相同的义项，直接对应。而且之后一句话提及以上项目所提供的服务和建议，可以确信答案。
TIPS：看到overview就从文章开头和结尾去找。
7 Calculated before an event/using data，well before a championship F段：Using data is a complex business. Well before a championship, …
首先通过well before a championship和文章中before an event定位到F段，之后发现后面提及的“竞争模型”作用就是计算时间和速率，因此内容对应上calculate，此时可断定答案的位置。
剑桥雅思阅读详解Test6Passage1
TIPS：
这是一道典型的段落搭配相关信息型MATCHING题目。
有效的解题方法是：
1.浏览所有信息，找出关键字。
2.精读各段首末句，泛读其他语句。
3.对应相关信息。
建议各位考生先做完这种题目，再完成其他题目。
Questions 8-11
●题目类型：分类题，Classify属于配对题。
●题目详解：
此类题首先分析类别之间的不同，之后在文章中找到对应点。
题目类别的不同点：
类别 剑桥雅思阅读Test6Passage1不同点
A 单单只有澳大利亚人目前使用的(currently, exclusively)
B 澳大利亚人将要在未来使用的(in the future)
C 澳大利亚人和他们的竞争者都正在使用的(currently/both Australians and their rivals) 不难看出，三个类别中，A和B分为一类，A和C分为一类。进行对比。
题号 答案 文章对应点 剑桥雅思Test6Passage1阅读原文原题详解
8 A C段：…SWAN system now used in Australian national competitions. It collects images from digital cameras. digital cameras是对应词。而前一句已经提到该系统已广泛应用于澳大利亚各项全国赛事之中，而没有提到其他国家，因此可以判断应该只有澳大利亚人在使用。
9 B D段：…With the Cooperative Research Centre for Micro Technology in Melbourne, they are developing unobtrusive sensors that will be embedded in an athlete's clothes… 找到相同对应词sensor，读其前后的句子，发现有Melbourne，断定是澳大利亚人的发明。之后要特别留心动词develop运用现在进行时，表示正在开发；而且注意之后的定语从句采用了将来时，所以可以断定此发明还没有完成，应该属于将来的成果。因此选择B。
10 A D段：…AIS and the University of Newcastle in New South Wales developed a test that measures how much of the immune-system protein immunoglobulin A…/Since the tests were introduced，AIS athletes in all sports have been… 非常容易在前面第一句话中找到跟题目protein tests所对应的词语a test…protein。之后细读前后句，发现后面一句话对于此项科技成果的受益者文章中只提到AIS运动员，即澳大利亚体育学院的运动员，隶属于澳大利亚，所以应该选择A。
11 C F段：The same has happened to the ‘altitude tent'，developed by AIS to replicate the effect of altitude training at sea level. 文章中很容易找到用引号括起来的题目中的名词短语，因此只要细心读原句，就会发现开头的‘The same has happened…’同样的事情也发生在……根据经验应该顺着文章向上追溯，发现跟‘altitude tent’相同情况的是1996年奥运会上澳大利亚人受益的流线型散热运动服现在全世界都在用。因此‘altitude tent’也被世界各国应用。所以答案应该选择C。且根据此段话大意可以了解文章只提到两种研究成果被别国运用，即高原帐篷和流线型散热服。所以可以间接判断前三项成果是由澳大利人独享的。 Questions 12-13
●题目类型：问答题Answer questions属于主观题。
●题目详解：
首先根据题目位置判断所对应的段落应该在文章的后半部分，然后开始找到对应词。需要特别注意题目要求是从文章中找到词语或数字答题，因此不能自己编写答案。
题号 对应点 剑桥雅思Test6Passage1阅读原文原题详解
12 help an athlete plan, produced / prepare the athlete by, developing Help an athlete plan their performance对应上prepare the athlete by之后，要认真研究题目所问的是what is produced，断定所作答案必定要填一个名词。
因此要细读原文发现有单词developing恰与produced相对应，中文意思是“开发”，则答案必定是开发之后的名词。
TIPS：注意带引号的内容都含有比较重要的信息。
正确答案为(a)competition model
13 1996 Olympic Games, cyclists, improve 1996 Olympic Games是一个很好的定位词。
定好位后要认真研究题目。分析问句是‘By how much…improve’，意思为“提高了多少”，可以判断出答案需要写一个数字。因此仔细阅读相关语句找到sliced as much as two per cent off cyclists ‘and rowers’ times.很快就可以找到数字百分之二。
TIPS：注意文章的题目要求是填写一个数字而非一个名词，很多考生因为找到1996而盲目地填上成果的名称“coolant-lined jackets”，实在是遗憾。因此，语法分析是本题解题的关键。
正确答案是(by)2 per cent/％