自定义spring boot starter三部曲之三:源码分析spring.factories加载过程

本文是《自定义spring boot starter三部曲》系列的终篇,前文中我们开发了一个starter并做了验证,发现关键点在于spring.factories的自动加载能力,让应用只要依赖starter的jar包即可,今天我们来分析Spring和Spring boot源码,了解spring.factories自动加载原理;

三部曲文章链接

  1. 《自定义spring boot starter三部曲之一:准备工作》;
  2. 《自定义spring boot starter三部曲之二:实战开发》;
  3. 《自定义spring boot starter三部曲之三:源码分析spring.factories加载过程》;

版本情况

本文中涉及到的库的版本:

  1. Spring boot :1.5.9.RELEASE;
  2. JDK :1.8.0_144

初步分析

先回顾customizeservicestarter模块中spring.factories文件的内容:

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration=com.bolingcavalry.customizeservicestarter.CustomizeConfiguration

从上述内容可以确定今天源码学习目标:

  1. spring容器如何处理配置类;
  2. spring boot配置类的加载情况;
  3. spring.factories中的EnableAutoConfiguration配置何时被加载?
  4. spring.factories中的EnableAutoConfiguration配置被加载后做了什么处理;

spring容器如何处理配置类

  1. ConfigurationClassPostProcessor类的职责是处理配置类;
  2. ConfigurationClassPostProcessor是BeanDefinitionRegistryPostProcessor接口的实现类,它的postProcessBeanDefinitionRegistry方法在容器初始化阶段会被调用(BeanDefinitionRegistryPostProcessor接口的更多细节请参考《spring4.1.8扩展实战之六:注册bean到spring容器(BeanDefinitionRegistryPostProcessor接口)》);
  3. postProcessBeanDefinitionRegistry方法又调用processConfigBeanDefinitions方法处理具体业务;
  4. processConfigBeanDefinitions方法中通过ConfigurationClassParser类来处理Configuration注解,如下图:
    自定义spring boot starter三部曲之三:源码分析spring.factories加载过程_第1张图片
  5. 如上图红框所示,所有被Configuration注解修饰过的类,都会被parser.parse(candidates)处理,即ConfigurationClassParser类的parse方法;
  6. parse方法中调用processDeferredImportSelectors方法做处理:找到Configuration类中的Import注解,对于Import注解的值,如果实现了ImportSelector接口,就调用其selectImports方法,将返回的名称实例化:
private void processDeferredImportSelectors() {
		//这里就是Configuration注解中的Import注解的值,
		//例如EnableAutoConfiguration注解的源码中,Import注解的值是EnableAutoConfigurationImportSelector.class
		List<DeferredImportSelectorHolder> deferredImports = this.deferredImportSelectors;
		this.deferredImportSelectors = null;
		Collections.sort(deferredImports, DEFERRED_IMPORT_COMPARATOR);

		for (DeferredImportSelectorHolder deferredImport : deferredImports) {
			ConfigurationClass configClass = deferredImport.getConfigurationClass();
			try {
				//以EnableAutoConfiguration注解为例,其Import注解的值为EnableAutoConfigurationImportSelector.class,
				//那么此处就是在调用EnableAutoConfigurationImportSelector的selectImports方法,返回了一个字符串数组
				String[] imports = deferredImport.getImportSelector().selectImports(configClass.getMetadata());
				//字符串数组中的每个字符串都代表一个类,此处做实例化
				processImports(configClass, asSourceClass(configClass), asSourceClasses(imports), false);
			}
			catch (BeanDefinitionStoreException ex) {
				throw ex;
			}
			catch (Throwable ex) {
				throw new BeanDefinitionStoreException(
						"Failed to process import candidates for configuration class [" +
						configClass.getMetadata().getClassName() + "]", ex);
			}
		}
	}

小结一下spring容器配置类的逻辑:

  1. 找出配置类;
  2. 找出配置类中的Import注解;
  3. Import注解的值是class,如果该class实现了ImportSelector接口,就调用其selectImports方法,将返回的名称实例化;

有了上面的结论就可以结合Spring boot的源码来分析加载了哪些数据了;

spring boot配置类的加载情况

  1. 我们的应用使用了SpringBootApplication注解,看此注解的源码,使用了EnableAutoConfiguration注解:
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
@SpringBootConfiguration
@EnableAutoConfiguration
@ComponentScan(excludeFilters = {
		@Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = TypeExcludeFilter.class),
		@Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = AutoConfigurationExcludeFilter.class) })
public @interface SpringBootApplication {
	......
  1. EnableAutoConfiguration注解中,通过Import注解引入了EnableAutoConfigurationImportSelector.class:
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
@AutoConfigurationPackage
@Import(EnableAutoConfigurationImportSelector.class)
public @interface EnableAutoConfiguration {
	......
  1. 看EnableAutoConfigurationImportSelector的源码:
/**
 * {@link DeferredImportSelector} to handle {@link EnableAutoConfiguration
 * auto-configuration}. This class can also be subclassed if a custom variant of
 * {@link EnableAutoConfiguration @EnableAutoConfiguration}. is needed.
 *
 * @deprecated as of 1.5 in favor of {@link AutoConfigurationImportSelector}
 * @author Phillip Webb
 * @author Andy Wilkinson
 * @author Stephane Nicoll
 * @author Madhura Bhave
 * @since 1.3.0
 * @see EnableAutoConfiguration
 */
@Deprecated
public class EnableAutoConfigurationImportSelector
		extends AutoConfigurationImportSelector {

	@Override
	protected boolean isEnabled(AnnotationMetadata metadata) {
		if (getClass().equals(EnableAutoConfigurationImportSelector.class)) {
			return getEnvironment().getProperty(
					EnableAutoConfiguration.ENABLED_OVERRIDE_PROPERTY, Boolean.class,
					true);
		}
		return true;
	}

}

上述源码有三处重点需要关注:
第一,EnableAutoConfigurationImportSelector是AutoConfigurationImportSelector的子类;
第二,EnableAutoConfigurationImportSelector已经被废弃了,不推荐使用;
第三,文档中已经写明废弃原因:从1.5版本开始,其特性由父类AutoConfigurationImportSelector实现;

  1. 查看AutoConfigurationImportSelector的源码,重点关注selectImports方法,该方法的返回值表明了哪些类会被实例化:
@Override
	public String[] selectImports(AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata) {
		if (!isEnabled(annotationMetadata)) {
			return NO_IMPORTS;
		}
		try {
		    //将所有spring-autoconfigure-metadata.properties文件中的键值对保存在autoConfigurationMetadata中
			AutoConfigurationMetadata autoConfigurationMetadata = AutoConfigurationMetadataLoader
					.loadMetadata(this.beanClassLoader);
			AnnotationAttributes attributes = getAttributes(annotationMetadata);
			//取得所有配置类的名称
			List<String> configurations = getCandidateConfigurations(annotationMetadata,
					attributes);
			configurations = removeDuplicates(configurations);
			configurations = sort(configurations, autoConfigurationMetadata);
			Set<String> exclusions = getExclusions(annotationMetadata, attributes);
			checkExcludedClasses(configurations, exclusions);
			configurations.removeAll(exclusions);
			configurations = filter(configurations, autoConfigurationMetadata);
			fireAutoConfigurationImportEvents(configurations, exclusions);
			return configurations.toArray(new String[configurations.size()]);
		}
		catch (IOException ex) {
			throw new IllegalStateException(ex);
		}
	}
  1. 通过上述代码可以发现,getCandidateConfigurations方法的调用是个关键,它返回的字符串都是即将被实例化的类名,来看此方法源码:
protected List<String> getCandidateConfigurations(AnnotationMetadata metadata,
			AnnotationAttributes attributes) {
		List<String> configurations = SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames(
				getSpringFactoriesLoaderFactoryClass(), getBeanClassLoader());
		Assert.notEmpty(configurations,
				"No auto configuration classes found in META-INF/spring.factories. If you "
						+ "are using a custom packaging, make sure that file is correct.");
		return configurations;
	}
  1. getCandidateConfigurations方法中,调用了静态方法SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames,上面提到的SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames方法是关键,看看官方文档对此静态方法的描述,如下图红框所示,该方法会在spring.factories文件中寻找指定接口对应的实现类的全名(包名+实现类):
    自定义spring boot starter三部曲之三:源码分析spring.factories加载过程_第2张图片

  2. 在getCandidateConfigurations方法中,调用SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames的时候传入的指定类型是getSpringFactoriesLoaderFactoryClass方法的返回值:

protected Class<?> getSpringFactoriesLoaderFactoryClass() {
		return EnableAutoConfiguration.class;
	}

现在可以梳理一下了:

  1. spring boot应用启动时使用了EnableAutoConfiguration注解;
  2. EnableAutoConfiguration注解通过import注解将EnableAutoConfigurationImportSelector类实例化,并且将其selectImports方法返回的类名实例化后注册到spring容器;
  3. EnableAutoConfigurationImportSelector的selectImports方法返回的类名,来自spring.factories文件内的配置信息,这些配置信息的key等于EnableAutoConfiguration;

现在真相大白了:只要我们在spring.factories文件内配置了EnableAutoConfiguration,那么对于的类就会被实例化后注册到spring容器;

至此,《自定义spring boot starter三部曲》系列就完结了,希望实战加源码分析的三篇文章,能帮助您理解和实现自定义starter这种简单快捷的扩展方式;

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自定义spring boot starter三部曲之三:源码分析spring.factories加载过程_第3张图片

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