在java中要想实现多线程,有两种手段,一种是继续Thread类,另外一种是实现Runable接口。
对于直接继承Thread的类来说,代码大致框架是:
class 类名 extends Thread{
方法1;
方法2;
…
public void run(){
// other code…
}
属性1;
属性2;
…
}
先看一个简单的例子:
/**
* @author Hashsound 继承Thread类,直接调用run方法
* */
class hello extends Thread {
private String name;
public hello() {
}
public hello(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
System.out.println(name + "运行 " + i);
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
hello h1 = new hello("A");
hello h2 = new hello("B");
h1.run();
h2.run();
}
}
【运行结果】:
public static void main(String[] args) {
hello h1=new hello("A");
hello h2=new hello("B");
h1.start();
h2.start();
}
然后运行程序,输出的可能的结果如下:
public synchronized void start() {
/**
* This method is not invoked for the main method thread or "system"
* group threads created/set up by the VM. Any new functionality added
* to this method in the future may have to also be added to the VM.
*
* A zero status value corresponds to state "NEW".
*/
if (threadStatus != 0 || this != me)
throw new IllegalThreadStateException();
group.add(this);
start0();
if (stopBeforeStart) {
stop0(throwableFromStop);
}
}
private native void start0();
注意我用红色加粗的那一条语句,说明此处调用的是start0()。并且这个这个方法用了native关键字,次关键字表示调用本地操作系统的函数。因为多线程的实现需要本地操作系统的支持。
但是start方法重复调用的话,会出现java.lang.IllegalThreadStateException异常。
通过实现Runnable接口:
大致框架是:
来先看一个小例子吧:
class 类名 implements Runnable{
方法1;
方法2;
…
public void run(){
// other code…
}
属性1;
属性2;
…
}
/**
* @author Hashsound 实现Runnable接口
* */
class hello implements Runnable {
public hello() {
}
public hello(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
System.out.println(name + "运行 " + i);
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
hello h1=new hello("线程A");
Thread demo= new Thread(h1);
hello h2=new hello("线程B");
Thread demo1=new Thread(h2);
demo.start();
demo1.start();
}
private String name;
}
【可能的运行结果】:
class Thread implements Runnable {
//…
public void run() {
if (target != null) {
target.run();
}
}
}
/**
* @author Rollen-Holt 继承Thread类,不能资源共享
* */
class hello extends Thread {
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 7; i++) {
if (count > 0) {
System.out.println("count= " + count--);
}
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
hello h1 = new hello();
hello h2 = new hello();
hello h3 = new hello();
h1.start();
h2.start();
h3.start();
}
private int count = 5;
}
【运行结果】:
大家可以想象,如果这个是一个买票系统的话,如果count表示的是车票的数量的话,说明并没有实现资源的共享。
我们换为Runnable接口
class MyThread implements Runnable{
private int ticket = 5; //5张票
public void run() {
for (int i=0; i<=20; i++) {
if (this.ticket > 0) {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+ "正在卖票"+this.ticket--);
}
}
}
}
public class lzwCode {
public static void main(String [] args) {
MyThread my = new MyThread();
new Thread(my, "1号窗口").start();
new Thread(my, "2号窗口").start();
new Thread(my, "3号窗口").start();
}
}
【运行结果】:
总结一下吧:
实现Runnable接口比继承Thread类所具有的优势:
1):适合多个相同的程序代码的线程去处理同一个资源
2):可以避免java中的单继承的限制
3):增加程序的健壮性,代码可以被多个线程共享,代码和数据独立。
所以,本人建议大家尽量实现接口。
/**
* @author Hashsound
* 取得线程的名称
* */
class hello implements Runnable {
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName());
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
hello he = new hello();
new Thread(he,"A").start();
new Thread(he,"B").start();
new Thread(he).start();
}
}
【运行结果】:
判断线程是否启动
/**
* @author Hashsound 判断线程是否启动
* */
class hello implements Runnable {
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName());
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
hello he = new hello();
Thread demo = new Thread(he);
System.out.println("线程启动之前---》" + demo.isAlive());
demo.start();
System.out.println("线程启动之后---》" + demo.isAlive());
}
}
【运行结果】
线程的强制执行:
/**
* @author Hashsound 线程的强制执行
* */
class hello implements Runnable {
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName());
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
hello he = new hello();
Thread demo = new Thread(he,"线程");
demo.start();
for(int i=0;i<50;++i){
if(i>10){
try{
demo.join(); //强制执行demo
}catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
System.out.println("main 线程执行-->"+i);
}
}
}
【运行的结果】:
/**
* @author Hashsound 线程的休眠
* */
class hello implements Runnable {
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
try {
Thread.sleep(2000);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + i);
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
hello he = new hello();
Thread demo = new Thread(he, "线程");
demo.start();
}
}
【运行结果】:(结果每隔2s输出一个)
/**
* @author Hashsound 线程的中断
* */
class hello implements Runnable {
public void run() {
System.out.println("执行run方法");
try {
Thread.sleep(10000);
System.out.println("线程完成休眠");
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("休眠被打断");
return; //返回到程序的调用处
}
System.out.println("线程正常终止");
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
hello he = new hello();
Thread demo = new Thread(he, "线程");
demo.start();
try{
Thread.sleep(2000);
}catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
demo.interrupt(); //2s后中断线程
}
}
【运行结果】:
/**
* @author Hashsound 后台线程
* */
class hello implements Runnable {
public void run() {
while (true) {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "在运行");
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
hello he = new hello();
Thread demo = new Thread(he, "线程");
demo.setDaemon(true);
demo.start();
}
}
/**
* @author Hashsound 线程的优先级
* */
class hello implements Runnable {
public void run() {
for(int i=0;i<5;++i){
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"运行"+i);
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Thread h1=new Thread(new hello(),"A");
Thread h2=new Thread(new hello(),"B");
Thread h3=new Thread(new hello(),"C");
h1.setPriority(8);
h2.setPriority(2);
h3.setPriority(6);
h1.start();
h2.start();
h3.start();
}
}
【运行结果】:
/**
* @author Hashsound 线程的优先级
* */
class hello implements Runnable {
public void run() {
for(int i=0;i<5;++i){
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"运行"+i);
if(i==3){
System.out.println("线程的礼让");
Thread.currentThread().yield();
}
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Thread h1=new Thread(new hello(),"A");
Thread h2=new Thread(new hello(),"B");
h1.start();
h2.start();
}
}
同步和死锁:
【问题引出】:比如说对于买票系统,有下面的代码:
/**
* @author Hashsound
* */
class hello implements Runnable {
public void run() {
for(int i=0;i<10;++i){
if(count>0){
try{
Thread.sleep(1000);
}catch(InterruptedException e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(count--);
}
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
hello he=new hello();
Thread h1=new Thread(he);
Thread h2=new Thread(he);
Thread h3=new Thread(he);
h1.start();
h2.start();
h3.start();
}
private int count=5;
}
【运行结果】:
这里出现了-1,显然这个是错的。,应该票数不能为负值。
如果想解决这种问题,就需要使用同步。所谓同步就是在统一时间段中只有有一个线程运行,
其他的线程必须等到这个线程结束之后才能继续执行。
【使用线程同步解决问题】
采用同步的话,可以使用同步代码块和同步方法两种来完成。
【同步代码块】:
语法格式:
synchronized(同步对象){
//需要同步的代码
}
但是一般都把当前对象this作为同步对象。
/**
* @author Hashsound
* */
class hello implements Runnable {
public void run() {
for(int i=0;i<10;++i){
synchronized (this) {
if(count>0){
try{
Thread.sleep(1000);
}catch(InterruptedException e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(count--);
}
}
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
hello he=new hello();
Thread h1=new Thread(he);
Thread h2=new Thread(he);
Thread h3=new Thread(he);
h1.start();
h2.start();
h3.start();
}
private int count=5;
}
【运行结果】:(每一秒输出一个结果)
/**
* @author Hashsound
* */
class hello implements Runnable {
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {
sale();
}
}
public synchronized void sale() {
if (count > 0) {
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(count--);
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
hello he = new hello();
Thread h1 = new Thread(he);
Thread h2 = new Thread(he);
Thread h3 = new Thread(he);
h1.start();
h2.start();
h3.start();
}
private int count = 5;
}
【运行结果】(每秒输出一个)
class Info {
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
private String name = "Rollen";
private int age = 20;
}
/**
* 生产者
* */
class Producer implements Runnable{
private Info info=null;
Producer(Info info){
this.info=info;
}
public void run(){
boolean flag=false;
for(int i=0;i<25;++i){
if(flag){
this.info.setName("Rollen");
try{
Thread.sleep(100);
}catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
this.info.setAge(20);
flag=false;
}else{
this.info.setName("chunGe");
try{
Thread.sleep(100);
}catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
this.info.setAge(100);
flag=true;
}
}
}
}
/**
* 消费者类
* */
class Consumer implements Runnable{
private Info info=null;
public Consumer(Info info){
this.info=info;
}
public void run(){
for(int i=0;i<25;++i){
try{
Thread.sleep(100);
}catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(this.info.getName()+"<---->"+this.info.getAge());
}
}
}
/**
* 测试类
* */
class hello{
public static void main(String[] args) {
Info info=new Info();
Producer pro=new Producer(info);
Consumer con=new Consumer(info);
new Thread(pro).start();
new Thread(con).start();
}
}
【运行结果】:
class Info {
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public synchronized void set(String name, int age){
this.name=name;
try{
Thread.sleep(100);
}catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
this.age=age;
}
public synchronized void get(){
try{
Thread.sleep(100);
}catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(this.getName()+"<===>"+this.getAge());
}
private String name = "Rollen";
private int age = 20;
}
/**
* 生产者
* */
class Producer implements Runnable {
private Info info = null;
Producer(Info info) {
this.info = info;
}
public void run() {
boolean flag = false;
for (int i = 0; i < 25; ++i) {
if (flag) {
this.info.set("Rollen", 20);
flag = false;
} else {
this.info.set("ChunGe", 100);
flag = true;
}
}
}
}
/**
* 消费者类
* */
class Consumer implements Runnable {
private Info info = null;
public Consumer(Info info) {
this.info = info;
}
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 25; ++i) {
try {
Thread.sleep(100);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
this.info.get();
}
}
}
/**
* 测试类
* */
class hello {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Info info = new Info();
Producer pro = new Producer(info);
Consumer con = new Consumer(info);
new Thread(pro).start();
new Thread(con).start();
}
}
【运行结果】:
class Info {
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public synchronized void set(String name, int age){
if(!flag){
try{
super.wait();
}catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
this.name=name;
try{
Thread.sleep(100);
}catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
this.age=age;
flag=false;
super.notify();
}
public synchronized void get(){
if(flag){
try{
super.wait();
}catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
try{
Thread.sleep(100);
}catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(this.getName()+"<===>"+this.getAge());
flag=true;
super.notify();
}
private String name = "Rollen";
private int age = 20;
private boolean flag=false;
}
/**
* 生产者
* */
class Producer implements Runnable {
private Info info = null;
Producer(Info info) {
this.info = info;
}
public void run() {
boolean flag = false;
for (int i = 0; i < 25; ++i) {
if (flag) {
this.info.set("Rollen", 20);
flag = false;
} else {
this.info.set("ChunGe", 100);
flag = true;
}
}
}
}
/**
* 消费者类
* */
class Consumer implements Runnable {
private Info info = null;
public Consumer(Info info) {
this.info = info;
}
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 25; ++i) {
try {
Thread.sleep(100);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
this.info.get();
}
}
}
/**
* 测试类
* */
class hello {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Info info = new Info();
Producer pro = new Producer(info);
Consumer con = new Consumer(info);
new Thread(pro).start();
new Thread(con).start();
}
}
【程序运行结果】: