confd的使用

1. confd的部署

以下Linux系统为例。

下载confd的二进制文件,下载地址为:https://github.com/kelseyhightower/confd/releases。例如:

# Download the binary
wget https://github.com/kelseyhightower/confd/releases/download/v0.16.0/confd-0.16.0-linux-amd64

# 重命名二进制文件,并移动到PATH的目录下
mv confd-0.16.0-linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/confd
chmod +x /usr/local/bin/confd

# 验证是否安装成功
confd --help

2. confd的配置

Confd通过读取后端存储的配置信息来动态更新对应的配置文件,对应的后端存储可以是etcdredis等,其中etcd的v3版本对应的存储后端为etcdv3

2.1. 创建confdir

confdir底下包含两个目录:

  • conf.d:confd的配置文件,主要包含配置的生成逻辑,例如模板源,后端存储对应的keys,命令执行等。
  • templates:配置模板Template,即基于不同组件的配置,修改为符合 Golang text templates的模板文件。
sudo mkdir -p /etc/confd/{conf.d,templates}

2.2. Template Resources

模板源配置文件是TOML格式的文件,主要包含配置的生成逻辑,例如模板源,后端存储对应的keys,命令执行等。默认目录在/etc/confd/conf.d

参数说明:

必要参数

  • dest (string) - The target file.
  • keys (array of strings) - An array of keys.
  • src (string) - The relative path of a configuration template.

可选参数

  • gid (int) - The gid that should own the file. Defaults to the effective gid.
  • mode (string) - The permission mode of the file.
  • uid (int) - The uid that should own the file. Defaults to the effective uid.
  • reload_cmd (string) - The command to reload config.
  • check_cmd (string) - The command to check config. Use {{.src}} to reference the rendered source template.
  • prefix (string) - The string to prefix to keys.

例子

例如:/etc/confd/conf.d/myapp-nginx.toml

[template]
prefix = "/myapp"
src = "nginx.tmpl"
dest = "/tmp/myapp.conf"
owner = "nginx"
mode = "0644"
keys = [
  "/services/web"
]
check_cmd = "/usr/sbin/nginx -t -c {{.src}}"
reload_cmd = "/usr/sbin/service nginx reload"

2.3. Template

Template定义了单一应用配置的模板,默认存储在/etc/confd/templates目录下,模板文件符合Go的text/template格式。

模板文件常用函数有basegetgetslsdirjson等。具体可参考https://github.com/kelseyhightower/confd/blob/master/docs/templates.md。

例子:

/etc/confd/templates/nginx.tmpl

{{range $dir := lsdir "/services/web"}}
upstream {{base $dir}} {
    {{$custdir := printf "/services/web/%s/*" $dir}}{{range gets $custdir}}
    server {{$data := json .Value}}{{$data.IP}}:80;
    {{end}}
}

server {
    server_name {{base $dir}}.example.com;
    location / {
        proxy_pass {{base $dir}};
    }
}
{{end}}

3. 创建后端存储的配置数据

etcdv3存储为例,在etcd中创建以下数据。

etcdctl --endpoints=$endpoints put /services/web/cust1/2 '{"IP": "10.0.0.2"}'
etcdctl --endpoints=$endpoints put /services/web/cust2/2 '{"IP": "10.0.0.4"}'
etcdctl --endpoints=$endpoints put /services/web/cust2/1 '{"IP": "10.0.0.3"}'
etcdctl --endpoints=$endpoints put /services/web/cust1/1 '{"IP": "10.0.0.1"}'

4. 启动confd的服务

confd支持以daemon或者onetime两种模式运行,当以daemon模式运行时,confd会监听后端存储的配置变化,并根据配置模板动态生成目标配置文件。

如果以daemon模式运行,则执行以下命令:

confd -watch -backend etcdv3 -node http://172.16.5.4:12379 &

以下以onetime模式运行为例。其中对应的后端存储类型是etcdv3

# 执行命令
confd -onetime -backend etcdv3 -node http://172.16.5.4:12379

# output
2018-05-11T18:04:59+08:00 k8s-dbg-master-1 confd[35808]: INFO Backend set to etcdv3
2018-05-11T18:04:59+08:00 k8s-dbg-master-1 confd[35808]: INFO Starting confd
2018-05-11T18:04:59+08:00 k8s-dbg-master-1 confd[35808]: INFO Backend source(s) set to http://172.16.5.4:12379
2018-05-11T18:04:59+08:00 k8s-dbg-master-1 confd[35808]: INFO /root/myapp/twemproxy/conf/twemproxy.conf has md5sum 6f0f43abede612c75cb840a4840fbea3 should be 32f48664266e3fd6b56ee73a314ee272
2018-05-11T18:04:59+08:00 k8s-dbg-master-1 confd[35808]: INFO Target config /root/myapp/twemproxy/conf/twemproxy.conf out of sync
2018-05-11T18:04:59+08:00 k8s-dbg-master-1 confd[35808]: INFO Target config /root/myapp/twemproxy/conf/twemproxy.conf has been updated

5. 查看生成的配置文件

/etc/confd/conf.d/myapp-nginx.toml中定义的配置文件的生成路径为/tmp/myapp.conf

[root@k8s-dbg-master-1 dest]# cat myapp.conf
upstream cust1 {
    server 10.0.0.1:80;
    server 10.0.0.2:80;
}

server {
    server_name cust1.example.com;
    location / {
        proxy_pass cust1;
    }
}

upstream cust2 {
    server 10.0.0.3:80;
    server 10.0.0.4:80;
}

server {
    server_name cust2.example.com;
    location / {
        proxy_pass cust2;
    }
}

6. confd动态更新twemproxy

6.1. twemproxy.toml

confd的模板源文件配置:/etc/confd/conf.d/twemproxy.toml

[template]
src = "twemproxy.tmpl"
dest = "/root/myapp/twemproxy/conf/twemproxy.conf"
keys = [
  "/twemproxy/pool"
]
check_cmd = "/usr/local/bin/nutcracker -t -c /root/myapp/twemproxy/conf/twemproxy.conf"
reload_cmd = "bash /root/myapp/twemproxy/reload.sh"

6.2. twemproxy.tmpl

模板文件:/etc/confd/templates/twemproxy.tmpl

global:
  worker_processes: 4         # 并发进程数, 如果为0, 这 fallback 回原来的单进程模型(不支持 config reload!)
  user: nobody                # worker 进程的用户, 默认 nobody. 只要主进程是 root 用户启动才生效.
  group: nobody               # worker 进程的用户组
  worker_shutdown_timeout: 30 # 单位为秒. 用于 reload 过程中在改时间段之后强制退出旧的 worker 进程.

pools: {{range gets "/twemproxy/pool/*"}}
  {{base .Key}}: {{$pool := json .Value}}
    listen: {{$pool.ListenAddr.IP}}:{{$pool.ListenAddr.Port}}
    hash: fnv1a_64 # 选择实例的 hash 规则
    distribution: ketama
    auto_eject_hosts: true # server 有问题是否剔除
    redis: true # 是否为 Redis 协议
    {{if $pool.Password}}redis_auth: {{$pool.Password}}{{end}}
    server_retry_timeout: 5000 # 被剔除多长时间后会重试
    server_connections: 25 # NOTE: server 连接池的大小, 默认为 1, 建议调整
    server_failure_limit: 5 # 失败多少次后暂时剔除
    timeout: 1000 # Server 超时时间, 1 sec
    backlog: 1024 # 连接队列大小
    preconnect: true # 预连接大小
    servers:{{range $server := $pool.Servers}}
     - {{$server.IP}}:{{$server.Port}}:1 {{if $server.Master}}master{{end}}
    {{end}}
{{end}}

6.3. etcd中的配置格式

etcd中的配置通过一个map来定义为完整的配置内容。其中keytwemproxypool的名称,valuepool的所有内容。

配置对应go结构体如下:

type Pool struct{
    ListenAddr  ListenAddr `json:"ListenAddr,omitempty"`
    Servers []Server `json:"Servers,omitempty"`
    Password string `json:"Password,omitempty"`
}

type ListenAddr struct {
    IP string `json:"IP,omitempty"`
    Port string `json:"Port,omitempty"`
}

type Server struct {
    IP string `json:"IP,omitempty"`
    Port string `json:"Port,omitempty"`
    Master bool `json:"Master,omitempty"`
}

配置对应JSON格式如下:

{
    "ListenAddr": {
        "IP": "192.168.5.7",
        "Port": "22225"
    },
    "Servers": [
        {
            "IP": "10.233.116.168",
            "Port": "6379",
            "Master": true
        },
        {
            "IP": "10.233.110.207",
            "Port": "6379",
            "Master": false
        }
    ],
    "Password": "987654"
}

6.4. 生成twemproxy配置文件

global:
  worker_processes: 4         # 并发进程数, 如果为0, 这 fallback 回原来的单进程模型(不支持 config reload!)
  user: nobody                # worker 进程的用户, 默认 nobody. 只要主进程是 root 用户启动才生效.
  group: nobody               # worker 进程的用户组
  worker_shutdown_timeout: 30 # 单位为秒. 用于 reload 过程中在改时间段之后强制退出旧的 worker 进程.

pools:
  redis1:
    listen: 192.168.5.7:22223
    hash: fnv1a_64 # 选择实例的 hash 规则
    distribution: ketama
    auto_eject_hosts: true # server 有问题是否剔除
    redis: true # 是否为 Redis 协议
    redis_auth: 987654
    server_retry_timeout: 5000 # 被剔除多长时间后会重试
    server_connections: 25 # NOTE: server 连接池的大小, 默认为 1, 建议调整
    server_failure_limit: 5 # 失败多少次后暂时剔除
    timeout: 1000 # Server 超时时间, 1 sec
    backlog: 1024 # 连接队列大小
    preconnect: true # 预连接大小
    servers:
     - 10.233.116.169:6379:1


  redis2:
    listen: 192.168.5.7:22224
    hash: fnv1a_64 # 选择实例的 hash 规则
    distribution: ketama
    auto_eject_hosts: true # server 有问题是否剔除
    redis: true # 是否为 Redis 协议
    redis_auth: 987654
    server_retry_timeout: 5000 # 被剔除多长时间后会重试
    server_connections: 25 # NOTE: server 连接池的大小, 默认为 1, 建议调整
    server_failure_limit: 5 # 失败多少次后暂时剔除
    timeout: 1000 # Server 超时时间, 1 sec
    backlog: 1024 # 连接队列大小
    preconnect: true # 预连接大小
    servers:
     - 10.233.110.223:6379:1 master

     - 10.233.111.21:6379:1

参考文章:

https://github.com/kelseyhightower/confd/blob/master/docs/installation.md

https://github.com/kelseyhightower/confd/blob/master/docs/quick-start-guide.md

https://github.com/kelseyhightower/confd/blob/master/docs/template-resources.md

https://github.com/kelseyhightower/confd/blob/master/docs/templates.md

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