ModBus 通信协议的CRC ( 冗余循环校验码)含2个字节, 即 16 位二进制数。CRC码由发送设备计算, 放置于所发送信息帧的尾部。接收设备再重新计算所接收信息的CRC, 比较计算得到的CRC是否与接收到的CRC相符, 如果两者不相符, 则认为数据出错。
1. CRC16计算方法
1) 预置 1 个 16 位的寄存器为十六进制FFFF(即全为 1) , 称此寄存器为 CRC寄存器。
2) 把第一个 8 位二进制数据 (通信信息帧的第一个字节) 与 16 位的 CRC寄存器的低 8 位相异或, 把结果放于 CRC寄存器。
3) 把 CRC 寄存器的内容右移一位( 朝低位)用 0 填补最高位, 并检查右移后的移出位。
4) 如果移出位为 0, 重复第 3 步 ( 再次右移一位); 如果移出位为 1, CRC 寄存器与多项式A001 ( 1010 0000 0000 0001) 进行异或。
5) 重复步骤 3 和步骤 4, 直到右移 8 次,这样整个8位数据全部进行了处理。
6) 重复步骤 2 到步骤 5, 进行通信信息帧下一个字节的处理。
7) 将该通信信息帧所有字节按上述步骤计算完成后,得到的16位CRC寄存器的高、低字节进行交换。
8) 最后得到的 CRC寄存器内容即为 CRC码。
2. C程序代码
#include "stdafx.h"
typedef unsigned char uint8_t;
typedef unsigned short uint16_t;
typedef unsigned long uint32_t;
typedef int int32_t;
const uint16_t polynom = 0xA001;
uint16_t crc16bitbybit(uint8_t *ptr, uint16_t len)
{
uint8_t i;
uint16_t crc = 0xffff;
if (len == 0) {
len = 1;
}
while (len--) {
crc ^= *ptr;
for (i = 0; i<8; i++)
{
if (crc & 1) {
crc >>= 1;
crc ^= polynom;
}
else {
crc >>= 1;
}
}
ptr++;
}
return(crc);
}
/* Table of CRC values for high–order byte */
const uint8_t crctablehi[] = {
0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81,
0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0,
0x80, 0x41, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01,
0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41,
0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81,
0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x01, 0xC0,
0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x01,
0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40,
0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81,
0x40, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0,
0x80, 0x41, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01,
0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41,
0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81,
0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0,
0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x01,
0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41,
0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81,
0x40
};
/* Table of CRC values for low–order byte */
const uint8_t crctablelo[] = {
0x00, 0xC0, 0xC1, 0x01, 0xC3, 0x03, 0x02, 0xC2, 0xC6, 0x06, 0x07, 0xC7, 0x05, 0xC5, 0xC4,
0x04, 0xCC, 0x0C, 0x0D, 0xCD, 0x0F, 0xCF, 0xCE, 0x0E, 0x0A, 0xCA, 0xCB, 0x0B, 0xC9, 0x09,
0x08, 0xC8, 0xD8, 0x18, 0x19, 0xD9, 0x1B, 0xDB, 0xDA, 0x1A, 0x1E, 0xDE, 0xDF, 0x1F, 0xDD,
0x1D, 0x1C, 0xDC, 0x14, 0xD4, 0xD5, 0x15, 0xD7, 0x17, 0x16, 0xD6, 0xD2, 0x12, 0x13, 0xD3,
0x11, 0xD1, 0xD0, 0x10, 0xF0, 0x30, 0x31, 0xF1, 0x33, 0xF3, 0xF2, 0x32, 0x36, 0xF6, 0xF7,
0x37, 0xF5, 0x35, 0x34, 0xF4, 0x3C, 0xFC, 0xFD, 0x3D, 0xFF, 0x3F, 0x3E, 0xFE, 0xFA, 0x3A,
0x3B, 0xFB, 0x39, 0xF9, 0xF8, 0x38, 0x28, 0xE8, 0xE9, 0x29, 0xEB, 0x2B, 0x2A, 0xEA, 0xEE,
0x2E, 0x2F, 0xEF, 0x2D, 0xED, 0xEC, 0x2C, 0xE4, 0x24, 0x25, 0xE5, 0x27, 0xE7, 0xE6, 0x26,
0x22, 0xE2, 0xE3, 0x23, 0xE1, 0x21, 0x20, 0xE0, 0xA0, 0x60, 0x61, 0xA1, 0x63, 0xA3, 0xA2,
0x62, 0x66, 0xA6, 0xA7, 0x67, 0xA5, 0x65, 0x64, 0xA4, 0x6C, 0xAC, 0xAD, 0x6D, 0xAF, 0x6F,
0x6E, 0xAE, 0xAA, 0x6A, 0x6B, 0xAB, 0x69, 0xA9, 0xA8, 0x68, 0x78, 0xB8, 0xB9, 0x79, 0xBB,
0x7B, 0x7A, 0xBA, 0xBE, 0x7E, 0x7F, 0xBF, 0x7D, 0xBD, 0xBC, 0x7C, 0xB4, 0x74, 0x75, 0xB5,
0x77, 0xB7, 0xB6, 0x76, 0x72, 0xB2, 0xB3, 0x73, 0xB1, 0x71, 0x70, 0xB0, 0x50, 0x90, 0x91,
0x51, 0x93, 0x53, 0x52, 0x92, 0x96, 0x56, 0x57, 0x97, 0x55, 0x95, 0x94, 0x54, 0x9C, 0x5C,
0x5D, 0x9D, 0x5F, 0x9F, 0x9E, 0x5E, 0x5A, 0x9A, 0x9B, 0x5B, 0x99, 0x59, 0x58, 0x98, 0x88,
0x48, 0x49, 0x89, 0x4B, 0x8B, 0x8A, 0x4A, 0x4E, 0x8E, 0x8F, 0x4F, 0x8D, 0x4D, 0x4C, 0x8C,
0x44, 0x84, 0x85, 0x45, 0x87, 0x47, 0x46, 0x86, 0x82, 0x42, 0x43, 0x83, 0x41, 0x81, 0x80,
0x40
};
uint16_t crc16table(uint8_t *ptr, uint16_t len)
{
uint8_t crchi = 0xff;
uint8_t crclo = 0xff;
uint16_t index;
while (len--)
{
index = crclo ^ *ptr++;
crclo = crchi ^ crctablehi[index];
crchi = crctablelo[index];
}
return (crchi << 8 | crclo);
}
const uint16_t crctalbeabs[] = {
0x0000, 0xCC01, 0xD801, 0x1400, 0xF001, 0x3C00, 0x2800, 0xE401,
0xA001, 0x6C00, 0x7800, 0xB401, 0x5000, 0x9C01, 0x8801, 0x4400
};
uint16_t crc16tablefast(uint8_t *ptr, uint16_t len)
{
uint16_t crc = 0xffff;
uint16_t i;
uint8_t ch;
for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
ch = *ptr++;
crc = crctalbeabs[(ch ^ crc) & 15] ^ (crc >> 4);
crc = crctalbeabs[((ch >> 4) ^ crc) & 15] ^ (crc >> 4);
}
return crc;
}
void modbuscrc16test()
{
printf("\n");
printf(" Modbus CRC16 tester\n");
printf("-----------------------------------------------------------------------\n");
uint8_t crc16_data[] = { 0x01, 0x04, 0x04, 0x43, 0x6b, 0x58, 0x0e }; // expected crc value 0xD825.
printf(" modbus crc16table test, expected value : 0xd825, calculate value : 0x%x\n", crc16table(crc16_data, sizeof(crc16_data)));
printf(" modbus crc16tablefast test, expected value : 0xd825, calculate value : 0x%x\n", crc16tablefast(crc16_data, sizeof(crc16_data)));
printf(" modbus crc16bitbybit test, expected value : 0xd825, calculate value : 0x%x\n", crc16bitbybit(crc16_data, sizeof(crc16_data)));
}
运行结果:
3. CRC(循环冗余校验)在线计算
http://www.ip33.com/crc.html
STM32F407上实现Modbus协议,包括多种CRC校验算法,读取智能电表数据示例程序。
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源码下载地址:https://download.csdn.net/download/kezunhb/10618521
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