英语 恋练有词Unit1笔记

目录

State

public

law

形近词：

近义词

mean

形近词

词组：

同义词：

influence

形近词

近义词

Live

语法

形近词

deliver

形近词

outlive

形近词

词组

近义词

federal

形近词

词组

large

形近词

enlarge

词组

近义词

mark

形近词

market

marked

marketer

近义词

system

近义词

systematically

regime

organization

stress

词组

stressed-out

近义词

---

语感最重要

Don't aim for success if you really want it.

Just stick to what you love and believe in,

And it come naturally.

->Less interests. More interest.

Interests可数-利益；不可数-兴趣

恋练有词歌单

State

1.       State：

n.状态；州国

v.陈述

状态eg: One of these urges/ has to do with creating a state of peace in the midst of turbulence,/ a ”still point of the turning world,” to borrow a phrase from T.S. Eliot.

has to do with与XX相关

in the midst of = amid

turb搅

still a.静止的 stand still

turning world旋转的世界

州eg:During the 2016 presidential campaign, /nearly a quarter of web content (that was) /shared by Twitter users in the politically critical state of Michigan /was fake news, / according to the University of Oxford.

fake news假新闻

形近词：

statute：n.法令；法规Political Medusas make us stare like statue.

statue：n.雕塑

manifestation：n.显示，表现（display），清单，示威游行（demonstration，strike，民主democracy）a.显而易见的

2.statistic：n.统计数值。-ic名词-al形容词statistical

statistical:adj.统计的；统计学的

Most journals are weak in statistical review, and this damages the quality of what they publish.

Journals期刊

review核查

形近词：

stationary：a.固定的，静止的station站点

3.statement：n.陈述，表达，观点

A string of accidents, (including the partial collapse of a cooling tower in 2007 and the discovery of an underground pipe system leakage), raised serious questions about both Vermont Yankee’s safety and Entergy’s management especially after the company made misleading statements about the pipe.

A string of=many/some

partial部分的

collapse崩塌

cooling tower（核能）冷却塔

leakage泄露

made misleading statements about做出误导人的评论

形近词：

understatement：n.保守陈述；不充分陈述

overstatement：夸大表述（underestimate低估、overestimate高估

4.overstate：v.夸张

=exaggerate（ex-/e-=out）aggr-集中（aggregate集中/总共的=total）

It was banks that were on the wrong planet，with accounts that vastly overvalued assets. Today they argue that market prices overstate losses, because they largely reflect the temporary illiquidity of markets, not the likely extent of bad debts.

with修饰语后置补充：beautiful girl—>a girl with beautiful smile

情妇dessert

vastly overvalued：极度夸大

assets：资产

overstate losses：夸大损失

temporary：暂时的

illiquidity：非流动性（liquid液体，流动的）

ill-/imm-/irr-=not：immortal永垂不朽（mortal死亡）(ir)rational(不)合理的

extent：程度

5.statesman：n.政治家（state州），（注重国家利益）

       politician政客

       spokesman发言人

6.estate：n.房地产，身份

       real estate不动产=realty（reality现世）

       property财产/属性

       形近词：

devast-ate:v.破坏

7.devastating：adj.毁灭性的

       The wear-and-tear (that comes from these longer relationships）can be quite devastating.

       wear-and-tear折腾=friction摩擦

moil and toil=work hard

修饰：witch/who/that或v.+ing/ed/en或with+n.

8.workstation：n.工作台

       C.G.，senior anthropologist at the Army Research Center in Nick, Mass., ensures that 90 percent of the uniforms and workstations fit recruits without alteration. She says that, unlike those for baseball, the length of military uniforms has not changed for some time.

senior anthropologist高级人类学家

       ensure：确认

       recruit：n.新人v.招募（recruitment招募通知）

       alteration：变化

       baseball：垒球

       military uniform：部队制服

       fit：合适 fit in融入

9.status：n.地位；状态

       rank等级

       1.senior executives’quitting may be spurred by__

       A.their expectation of better financial status

       B.their need to reflect on their private life

       C.their strained relation with the boards

executive经理人，执行（CEO的E）

       be spurred by刺激

reflect on=think about

strained紧张

boards董事会

2.His paternal grandparents, a steward and a housekeeper, possessed even less status, having been servants, and Dickens later concealed their background.

Paternal:父系的

steward管家

servants仆人

concealed：掩藏（-ceal-=seal封存）

background背景

state的近义词：

assert：v.断言，表明（-sert确定=cert（certify））=declare

    The administration was in essence asserting that because it didn’t want to carry out Congress’s immigration wishes, no state should be allowed to do so either.

    administration:政府部门

    in essence：实际上

    carry out实施

Congress：国会

immigration：移入民；emigrant移出民（migrate：v.迁移migrant:n.a.移民；im-=in-在里面，e-=out）

affirm v.断言，肯定

certify

verify

public

adj.公开的n.公众

IP(Intellectual Property)知识产权

形近词：

publication: n.发布；出版物

       public-ate(v.)-ion

e.g.: That’s one reason why we have launched Arc, a new publication (that/which is) dedicated to the near future.

       Launch/ignite(ignition)发射-发起

       Arc:弧形(arch)、古architect建筑物（architecture建筑师）、archaeological考古学家

       be dedicated to致力于=be devoted to=be committed to

republic:共和国

       republican: n.共和主义者adj.共和的

       democrat: n.民主党人

publicity: n.宣传；曝光度

       名词后缀-ion具体物品-ity抽象能力：creation发明物、creativity创造力

publicize: v.公开

       -ize使…化：customize定制化、standardize

publicized: a.公开的

publicly: adv.公开地

       n.-ly a.: friendly友好的

       a.-ly ->adv.

词组：

in public当众

近义词：

(Critical thinking批判思维)

mass群众=crowd（massive: a. 大量的）

civil: a. 公民的civil law民法

law

n.法律；规律

natural laws：natural selection自然选择、Darwinism达尔文主义（-ism主义: capitalism）

e.g.: A lot of students take up law as their profession due to __.

A. the growing demand from clients

B. the increasing pressure of inflation

C. the prospect of working in big firms

D. the attraction of financial rewards

due to + n.

due to that=in that=because+句子

clients客户

inflation通货膨胀（inflate: v. 膨胀；flat： a.扁平的

prospect预期，前景（pro-/pri-/pre-前，向前）

       词根词缀原则：

              1.元音替换2.发音相近替换(log/loq说话)

Reward回报，收入

attraction吸引，专注distraction分散，分心（dis-=away: distribute 分配）

tribute礼品：pay tribute to赞美

形近词：

claw: n.爪v.用爪抓

lawful: adj.合法的

lawsuit: n.诉讼

       suit n. 案件sue v. 追，上诉

pursue v. 追求pursuit n.(pursuit of happiness)

flaw: n.瑕疵;缺点v.使破裂，使有缺陷

       小词(7个字母一下)一般既可以作名词也可以做动词：fire my house; be house in some place住在…my company is house in

       e.g.: The most glaring flaw of the social cure as it’s presented here is (宾语从句)that it doesn’t work very well for very long.

       social cure社会治愈

       glaring: 显著的glare at怒目而视; stare at盯着

       be presented展现

lawyer: n.律师=attorney大律师，检察官

近义词

legislation n. 法律

       legislate v. 立法

e.g.: This is why repeated attempts at reform legislation have failed in recent years, leaving the Postal Service unable to pay its bills except by deferring vital modernization.

repeated attempts:反复努力

reform改革

Postal Service邮政

except by除非通过

defer vt.推迟 vi.服从 defer to

vital重大的，彻底的

modernization现代化进程

mean

v. 意味着；意思是说；打算

a. 刻薄的

n. 平均数

I never mean to

平均数mean；奇数odd;偶数even平衡，平均

       break even收支平衡=keep balance

v. 意味着e.g.: Clearly, intelligence encompasses more than a score on a test. Just what does it mean to be smart?

       Compass 指南针，圆规（圆的）

       encompass: en-(in)包含

形近词

meaning： n. 意义

well-meaning: a. 善意的

meaningless: a. 无意义 （-less: worthless一文不值；invaluable无价之宝

meaningfully: adv.有意义地；重要的=significantly

       e.g.: And the best way to learn how to encode information meaningfully, (Ericsson determined,)was a process (which is)known as deliberate practice. Deliberate practice entails more than simply repeating a task. Rather, it involves setting specific goals, obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating as much on technique as on outcome,

encode:编码

   -en 使…:enable sb. to do sth. = let sb. do sth.

          encounter遭遇: counter对抗

          enlighten启发

deliberate故意的：

liberate解放；liberal: a. 开明的

entail导致

rather, =Conversely, 相反地

rather than 而不是

Converse相反的

Involves卷入，包括

obtain获得

immediate feedback即刻反馈

concentrate聚焦：-center-；con-/co-聚集

outcome结果

means: n.方法，手段

meanwhile: adv.同时

e.g.: Meanwhile, it has more than $120 billion in unfunded liabilities, mostly for employee health and retirement costs.

billion十亿

unfunded没有经费

liability义务

   liable有责任的: be liable to=must

unfunded liabilities: 无现金债务偿还能力

health care医疗保险

retirement costs退休金

词组：

By means of依靠，通过

By no means

同义词：

Indicate: v.表明，象征

Implicate: v.(imply)

Implication: n.可能的后果，含义

e.g.: Scholars, policymakers, and critics of all stripes have debated the social implications of these changes.

Scholar学者

Critic批评家，评论家

all stripes=all walks各个方面

influence

n.影响，影响力

v. 影响，感化

形近词

Influential: a.有影响力的n. 影响者

       backer：支持者

a.: e.g.: Influential figures in the Congress requires that the AAAS report on how to ___.

A. retain people’s interest in liberal education

B. define the government’s role in education

C. keep a leading position in liberal education

D. safeguard individuals’ right to education

figures：数字，人物

Congress：国会

retain:保留

       -tain=catch, stay：obtain

liberal education通识教育/文学教育

role：角色，作用

safeguard: 保卫，

-guard守卫：bodyguard保镖

Constitution宪法（大写）constitution章程

       constitute构成

近义词

Impact：

n.碰撞，影响（偏消极）

v.撞击，对…产生影响

exert impact on

exert influence on(中性词)

brace for impact准备迫降

embrace

I never choose to be right, I choose to be happy

n. e.g.: Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment—including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection Line—Cline believes lasting change can only be effected by the customer.

fast-fashion:快时尚（无法持续很久）

curb控制

green Conscious环保意识

Collection Line生产线：Collection系列

lasting change持续的改变

be effected by决定：

   a'ffect影响

   'effect: n.效果 e'ffect: v.产生

Live

v.居住，生存

n.生命[lɪv]

a.有生命的，现场的[laɪv]

the tiger is alive（表语）=a live tiger（定语）

a.现场演出 e.g.: Devoted concertgoers （who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance）are missing the point.

Devoted 发烧友

concertgoers常参加音乐会者

recordings录音制品

substitute for替代品

be missing the point观点有误，没有把握住重点观点

These recordings are cheap, available everywhere, and very often much higher in artistic quality than today's live performances; moreover, they can be “consumed” at a time and place of the listener's choosing.

quality质量

available可得到的

语法

主干和修饰的基本概念：

主干：谓语-动作

e.g.找动词

In the final years before the beginning of the Civil War, the view (that negro was different) was widely held in US.

两个谓语，则有从句，找到先行词，剔除从句，剩下主句的谓语动词

e.g.

Devoted concertgoers (who reply (that recordings are no substitute for live performance)) are missing the point.

形近词

alive: adj.活着的，活跃的

adj.活着的e.g.: If the trade unionist Jimmy Hoffa were alive today, he would probably represent civil servant.

trade unionist商会成员

   -ist专业人士

civil servant公务员

deliver

 v.发表讲话，递送，vt.接生

       deliver baby

       -de(向下)+live+er

       deliverer送货员

       obstetrician产科医生，obstetrics妇产科，obstetric a.产科(学)的

              ob/op/of对面：opponent反对者，offend进攻/冒犯，obstacle障碍物

             

v. 递送e.g.: Research on animal intelligence also makes me wonder what experiments animals would perform on humans if they had the chance.

A. deliver B. perform

perform experiments做实验

performance行为

形近词

delivery: n.分娩；投递；讲话方式

outlive

 v.比…更长寿

out-比…更：outweigh超重outlook n.观点outlook of value价值观

v. 比…经久e.g.: Steelworkers, airline employees, and now those in the auto industry are joining millions of families (who must worry about interest rates, stock market fluctuation, and the harsh reality that they may outlive their retirement money) .

Steelworkers钢铁工人Steel钢

airline航空公司

auto industry自动化产业

interest rates利率

stock market股市

fluctuation波动

形近词

liveliness n.活力

       lively a./adv.

       lovely可爱的

livelihood n.生计

       -hood: childhood/parenthood

词组

live off

take off

off离开：take off 起飞

off依靠：take off得分

       well-off富有

近义词

dwell in=live in v.居住于

dwell on=think over深思熟虑

reside v.居住 reside in

       resident居民resident evil生化危机（居民变丧尸）

       sid/sad、sit/set不动：settle down

survive v.幸存

       survivor幸存者

survival n.幸存

inhabit v.居住于in'habitant

settle v.使定居

federal

a.联邦的e.g.: A few premiers are suspicious of any federal-provincial deal-making.

premiers官员，总理

be suspicious of怀疑

   suspicious adj.

suspicion n.

suspect v. n.嫌疑犯

   wanted n.通缉犯

federal-provincial联邦与州之间的

deal-making交易

e.g.: In Arizona v. United States, the majority overturned three of the four contested provisions of Arizona's controversial plan to have state and local police enforce federal immigration law.

       v.=vs.

       overturn否决

       provision条款contested provisions争议条款

controversial有争议的

       -ver-=turn反转

       have sb. enforce…

immigration移民

       migrate v.

形近词

federation

n.联邦，联盟；同盟

联盟league

联合alliance= ally=union

军师advisor

n.e.g.: The idea is to create a federation of private online identity systems.

Identity验证

词组

FBI联邦调查局Federal Bureau (局)of Investigation

官僚主义bu'reaucracy

官僚bureaucrat

Investigation调查

Invest v.投资-> Investment n.

CIA中央情报局Central Intelligence Agency(局)

Intelligence情报

large

d.大的

形近词

largely adv.主要地，总体来看

enlarge

v.扩大

-en-:enlighten/fasten(keep your seatbelt fastened)

v.扩充e.g.: It can be learned from the first paragraph that __.

A. Teamsters still have a large body of members

B. Jimmy Hoffa used to work as a civil servant

C. unions have enlarged their public-sector membership

D. the government has improved its relationship with unionists

a large body of=a…of=many

used to曾经

civil servant公务员

public-sector公营部门（归政府管理）

membership成员身份、人数

unionists工会成员

influential

词组

At large 普遍的=generally=universally

       逃逸的：Puma美洲狮 at large逍遥法外（Jaguar美洲豹

近义词

bulky a. 庞大的

       bulk n.大块v.

       bull公牛

outsize a.特大

       out-超过

       medium

huge a.庞大的

e'normous

       e-=ex-=out

       norm一般=normal a.

tre'mendous

tre=tri=3: love triangle、triple三倍

giant a. n.巨人

gi'gantic a.巨大的 n.庞然大物

 

粉丝huge fan/devoted fans

mark

v.做标记，标明，贴标签

n.痕迹，记号，符号，分数

v.贴标签e.g.: American's new plan to buy up toxic assets will not work unless banks mark assets to levels which buyers find attractive.

buy up买断

   up用尽: eat up

toxic assets有害资产

   toxic有毒的

mark xxx to levels which…以某种水准标价，估值

attractive吸引力

估值: evaluate/assess

形近词

market

n.市场，行情

v.推销，营销

v.营销e.g.: The rough guide to marketing success used to be that you get what you paid for.

rough guide简易指南

marketing success市场营销成功

you get what you paid for一份耕耘一份收获

n.市场e.g.: Today, professors routinely treat (the progressive interpretation of history and progressive public policy)( (as) the proper subject of study)

while portraying (conservative or classical liberal ideas—such as free markets and self-reliance—)( as falling outside the boundaries of routine, and sometimes legitimate, intellectual investigation.)

Routinely=daily=usually日常

treat sth. as sth.

progressive激进的

   -gress=-cess=go

   pro-: 前

   progress进步

interpretation解释

   in'terpret：口译(交译)，解释说明=explain

   inter-中间互相

   pret-前

proper subject of study合适的研究主题

while同时

portray描述

   portrait特点、肖像

   part-部分

   portray sth. as sth.

conservative保守的

   conserve v.保存、节约

liberal自由主义的

self-reliance自力更生

   rely on

falling outside the boundaries of不符合

legitimate 合法的

intellectual理性

investigation调查

marketplace n.集市

marked

a.显著的,有记号的e.g.: There is a marked difference between the education (which every one gets from living with others, and the deliberate educating of the young).

deliberate有意识的

living with others与他人互动

marketer

n.市场营销人员

-er主动方employer

-ee被动方employee

n.e.g.: Paid and owned media are controlled by marketers promoting their own products. For earned media, such marketers act as the initiator for users' responses. But in some cases, one marketer's owned media become another marketer's paid media—for instance, when an e-commerce retailer sells ad space on its Website.

Paid and owned media:付费媒体（付费宣传）和自媒体（个人所有的营销）

promote宣传

earned media赢得媒体（不需要打广告）

   hungry marketing strategy

initiator催化剂、引发器

   initiate v.启动

   initial a.最初的

e-commerce电商

   e-=electronic电子的

   ad=advertise

remark v.评论n.评论，注意

remarkable adj.卓越的

       -ible=-able 形容词后缀

landmark =milestone

       n.地标，里程碑

       adj.有重大影响的

近义词

blot n.污点=taint=toxic

tainted witness污点证人(为了减刑immunity指认

traitor叛徒

spot n.点，斑点

-ot/-et/-lot/-let小: booklet小册子、triplets三胞胎

stain n.污迹v.玷污

       不锈刚stainless steel

       -tain-污:contaminate(-tamin-)重污染

symbol n.象征，标志

       symptom:凶兆e.g.: Fever is a typical symptom of a lot of terrible diseases.

system

n.系统,体制

近义词

syste'matic: a.有系统的，系统化的

systematically

adv.系统地，有条理地

e.g.: Databases (used by some companies) don't rely on data (collected systematically) but rather lump together information from different research projects.

Database数据库

lump聚集

lump together sth. from sth.

regime

n.政权

e.g.: When public opinion is particularly polarized, as it was following the end of the Franco regime, monarchs can rise above “mere” politics and “embody” a spirit of national unity.

polarized两极分化的

   pole极: North pole北极pole dance钢管舞

   polar a.极地的

   -ise/ize:realize/realise

monarch君主

rise above “mere” politics凌驾于政治

embody使具体化

unity=entity

commercial entity

monarchy n.君主制

   mono-单一

anarchy n.无政府状态

   ana-瓜分

-arc古

organization

n.组织

structure n.结构

stress

v.强调

n.压力，强调，重点，重音

stress=press

deposit存款，储蓄；沉淀；矿藏；押金

       pose=put

       de=down

depression压抑，经济大萧条，凹陷depression on the face

I'm running a company=I'm the boss of the company

It's hard to run our relationship

stress v.强调=emphasize v.-->n. emphasis

=underline=highlight n. v.

n.压力e.g.: They should know how to deal with setbacks, stresses and feelings of inadequacy.

deal with=cope with处理

setbacks挫折

inadequacy不足，缺陷

       adequate充足的

stress n.压力

e.g.: It is like the immune system of the body, which under stress or through lack of nutrition or exercise can be weakened, but which never leaves us.

immune system免疫系统

nutrition n.营养

       nurture v.培育

词组

stressed-out

崩溃

insane a.疯狂

e.g.: In several of the studies, when stressed-out female rats had their ovaries (the female reproductive organs) removed, their chemical responses became equal to those of the males.

had sth. removed

ovaries卵巢

reproductive繁殖

chemical化学

 

表达累

I'm dog-tired

I'm wiped out

I'm beat.

近义词

highlight n.高光，闪光点v.强调

emphasize v.强调

strain v.使不堪承受，拉伤

       str-拉string/stress